Group No. ( 4 ) Ex. No.

(6) Date :- 5/11/2008

Exp name:- Molecular Weight of a Volatile Liquid

:Introduction
According to Avogadro's principle, equal volumes of gases at the same
conditions of temperature and pressure contain equal number of particles. Using this
principle, Dumas was able to measure the densities of different Volatile liquids
( easily vaporized ) from which their molecular weights ere determined. However the
number of moles of an ideal gas is related to is volume and pressure at certain
:temperature by the ideal gas low equation
PV = nRT
.Where: P is the pressure of the gas
.V is the volume of the gas measured in L
.T is the temperature of the gas measured in K
.R is the gas constant
.n is the number of moles of the gas
in this experiment, With the aid of an advanced procedure of Dumas method, a
liquid will be evaporated at a measured temperature T and pressure P, into a measured
volume V of an Erlenmeyer flask. The number of moles of the gas and its molecular
.weight then will be determined using the ideal gas low

:Before you com to the laboratory

.Read related sections in your general chemistry book .1
.Answer the par-laboratory question .2

:Materials and equipment

Balance. ; Beaker ( 600, 800 ml )
.Dropper. ; Rubber stoppers
.Erlenmeyer flask ( 50, 100 ml ) ; Aluminum foil
.Thermometer. ; Rubber band
.Cylinder ; Clamps, stands and rings
.Electric hot plate ( if available ) ; Unknown liquid

:Procedure
Clean small Erlenmeyer flask with soap and water thoroughly and then dry it .1
.completely
.Weigh the clean dry flask with the aluminum foil and the rubber band .2
Obtain from your instructor 5.0ml of an unknown sample of the volatile liquid .3
.( record its number ) and pour into the clean dry flask
Cover the top of the flask with the aluminum foil and secure it with the rubber .4
.band. Then make a tiny hole through the aluminum foil with a sharp pin
Assemble the apparatus, as shown in ( figure 6.1 ), with the beaker half filled with .5
.water

Add boiling chips and start heating the beaker slowly until water starts to boil ( 10 .6
minutes approximately ). Allow gentle boiling to make sure that the liquid in the flask
.has completely evaporated
Record the temperature of the boiling water and the atmospheric pressure in the .7
.laboratory
Turn of the burner, remove carefully the flask from the baker using a towel and .8
.allow to cool to room temperature. Then dry the flask completely
.Weigh the flask, aluminum foil, rubber band and the condensed vapor .9
To determine the volume of the flask, fill it to the rim with water, then measure .10
.the volume of water using graduated cylinder
:Tabulate your data as follows, showing all calculations needed .11
:Unknown number

Unit ******
.Mass of empty flask + aluminum foil + rubber band
.Mass of flask + aluminum foil + rubber band + condensed vapor
.Mass of condensed vapor
.Temperature of boiling water ( C )
.Temperature of boiling water ( K )
.Atmospheric pressure ( MmHg )
.Atmospheric pressure ( Atm )
.Volume of the flask used

:Molecular weight of the volatile liquid is