The Computer For 21st Century

By:-
Govind Raj
(IT -1001227464)
Topics of Discussion
 What is Ubiquitous Computing??
 Trends in Computing.
 Comparison of Similar Technologies.
 Features of Ubiquitous Computing.
 Some Ubiquitous Computing research
Applications
 Real time challenges
 Conclusion.
What is “Ubiquitous”?
U.biq.ui.tous (yōō-bĭk'wĭ-təs)

existing or being everywhere, esp.

at the same time; omnipresent:
ubiquitous fog; ubiquitous little
ants.
 Mark Weiser:
the father of ubiquitous computing

 has called UC “…highest idea is to make a computer so

embedded, so fitting, so natural, that we use it without even
thinking about it.”

 “In the 21st century the technology revolution will move into the everyday,
the small and the invisible…”

 “The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave
themselves into the fabrics of everyday life until they are indistinguishable
from it.”
What is Ubiquitous Computing???
Ubiquitous computing is the method of
enhancing computer use by making many
computers available throughout the
physical environment, but making them
effectively invisible to the user
– Mark Weiser

An environment in which people interact with

embedded computers (processors) and in
which networked devices are aware of their
surroundings (to being pervasive)
Three Waves of Computing
● Mainframe computing era
– massive computers to execute big data processing applications
– very few computers in the world
● Desktop computing era
– one computer at every desk to help in business related activities
– computers connected in intranets to a massive global network
(internet), all wired
● Ubiquitous computing era
– tens/hundreds of computing devices in every
room/person, becoming
“invisible” and part of the environment
Computing Trends…
How to achieve Ubiquity???
 Make Computing mobile
and connected

• Instrument the person

 Instrument the physical

surroundings
What makes it possible…
 Processing
 cheaper, faster, smaller, more energy efficient
1GB in Flashcard format
 Storage
 Big, fast and small in size.
 Networking
 global, local, ad-hoc, low-power, high bandwidth, low latencies
 Sensors
 Displays
 projection, flexible materials, power consumption
Related Computing Technologies
 Pervasive Computing
 Wearable Computing
 Ambient Intelligence

When Taken With Objects ,it is also

Internet of Things
Things That Think/Smart Objects(tabs ,boards and
pads)
Technologies continued…
Pervasive Computing:
An environment in which people interact with
embedded (and mostly invisible) computers
(processors) and in which networked devices are aware
of their surroundings and peers and are able to provide
services or use services from peers effectively
Wearable Computing:
Wearable technology, tech togs, or fashion
electronics are clothing and accessories incorporating
computer and advanced electronic technologies.
Technologies continued…
 In computing , Ambient Intelligence refers to
electronic environments that are sensitive and
responsive to the presence of people. Ambient
intelligence is a vision on the future of consumer
electronics ,telecommunications and computing.
 As these devices grow smaller, more connected and
more integrated into our environment, the technology
disappears into our surroundings …….TOWARDS
UBIQUITY…
Key Technologies

Ubiquitous Computing
Ubiquitous vs Cloud Computing
Ubiquitous Computing describes a computer not as a self
contained object, but as multiple objects that are
everywhere (hence, ubiquitous), and are part of our daily
life from the most simple tasks to the most complex ones.
However,
Cloud Computing doesn’t put the computer everywhere
but, instead, it gives access to it everywhere. As for Cloud
Computing doesn’t have the intention to break with
traditional computing.
General Ubicomp Features
 There are three general features that are shared
across a wide variety of ubicomp applications.
 These features are :
1. the ability to provide transparent interfaces
2. the ability to automatically adapt the behavior of a
program based on knowledge of the context of its
use,
3. the ability to automate the capture of live
experiences for later recall.
GUF - (1) TRANSPARENT INTERFACES
 Ubicomp Vision: “pervasive computation without
intrusion.”
 Remove the physical barrier between user and
computational device
 Keyboard and mouse are still the most commonly
used interfaces !!
 Need:
 flexible interfaces
 Varied interfaces that can provide similar functionality
GUF - (2) CONTEXT AWARENESS
 Context – information about the environment in which
the application operates and reacts accordingly.
 LOCATION and TIME are simple examples of context !
 Context aware application:
 is one which can capture the context
 assign meaning to it
 change behavior accordingly
 Need:
 Applications that are context aware and allow rapid
personalization of their services.
GUF - (3) AUTOMATED CAPTURE
 Capture everyday experiences and make the
records available for later use.
 Constraints:
 Multiple streams of information
 Their time synchronization
 Their correlation and integration
 Need:
 Automated tools that support capture, integration and
future access of info.
Sensors and context-aware solutions are
on the market already
Research
organizations Industry Sensors Vendors

+
+
Universities
Universities
Research
Research
Institutes
Institutes
Applications…
 Smarter Phones
 Health care
 Home care (smarter homes)
 Intelligent Transportation Systems
 Natural disaster-specific warning purposes
 Interactive Wall paper , vanet
 Remote Eyes , active badge
 Goggle Glasses
 Ubiquitous City(U-City)
Few Examples…
Challenges of Ubicomp
How to integrate mobile communicators
into complex information infrastructures?
 What effect will they have on work and
leisure?
Secure and reliable services
How to develop and manage
adaptable, context-aware software systems?
What support is needed within the
network?
Power supplies.
Working Example
Conclusion
 Pervasive computing provides an attractive vision for
the future of computing

 Computational power will be available everywhere

through mobile and stationary devices
Ubiquitous Computing is all about Human!
Because we love comfortable living!!!
Sci-fi movie is not far from reality

Ubiquitous computing is the next generation

computing environment with information &
communication technology everywhere, for
everyone, at all times.