Greek Architecture

AAR 203 , HISTORY OF WESTERN ARCHITECTURE Unit : 3
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
Ar. P.S.A.Harshita
Assistant Professor
GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
GITAM (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)
Visakhapatnam – 530045
Email:
hpasumar@gitam.edu
Lecture 01: Knowing Yourself

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE B.ARCH. (SEMESTER - III) 2020-2021 19/10/2020 VISAKHAPATNAM
CLASSICAL GREEK PERIOD
a. Characteristic feature of Aegean Architecture

b. Hellenic period and Hellenistic period
c. Greek orders.
Example: Doric, Ionic and Corinthian
d. The Acropolis at Athens.

Example: Parthenon, Propylaea.
e. Theatre, Stadium and Agora

TIMELINE



CLASSICAL GREEK PERIOD

Periods:
 Neolithics BC:6000-2900
 Early Bronze 2900-2000
 Minoan 2000-1400
 Mycenaean 1600-1100
 The Dark Ages 1100-750
 Archaic 750-500
 Classical 500-336
 Hellenistic 336-146

GREEK = ATHENIAN = AEGEAN
CIVILIZATION ERAS
The Bronze Age: The Tyrins

The Mycenaen
The Dark Age
The Classic Greek Period Orders, Acropolis
The Hellenistic Period (Later Greek Period)

The Mycenaean civilization flourished in the

late Bronze Age, from the 15th to the 13th
century BCE and extended its influence not
only throughout the Peloponnese in
Greece but also across the Aegean on Crete
and the Cycladic islands.

The area consists of Crete, the Cyclades and some other islands, and the Greek mainland,
cyclades' : [SIK] + [LUH] + [DEEZ]
including the Peloponnese, central Greece, and Thessaly. The first high civilization on
European soil, with stately palaces, fine craftsmanship, and writing, developed on the
island of Crete.
The Bronze Age civilization of Crete has been

called Minoan, after the legendary King Minos of
Knossos, which was the chief city of the island
throughout early times. The Bronze Age of the
Cyclades is known as Cycladic, that of the mainland
as Helladic, from Hellas, the Greek name for Greece.
Early, middle, and late stages have been defined in
each of these, with further subdivisions according to
recognizable changes in the style of pottery and other
products that are associated with each
separate culture.
The civilization that arose on the mainland under Cretan influence in the 16th century BC is
called Mycenaean after Mycenae, which appears to have been one of its most important
centres. The term Mycenaean is also sometimes used for the civilizations of the Aegean area
as a whole from about 1400 BC onward.
Minoan Civilization
• Earliest society in the Aegean Sea
- Flourished approx. 2000 to 1450BCE
-Located on the island of Crete
• Named after its most important ruler,

King Minos.
• Capital city = palace complex of Knossos

– Cities had very little or no
fortifications = very peaceful society

Mycenaean Civilization
• Earliest Greek society to develop on the
“Peloponnese” (mainland Greece)
• Flourished approx. 1420BC- 1100BC
• Capital city = Mycenae

– Large, fortified city
– Many artifacts have been recovered
from shaft graves.

Summery of Aegean architecture
Minoan Age Mycenean Age

(Pre Palace & Palace Age) Ca1400-1200 BC
Ca 2000-1400 BC ( Megaron- Treasury of Atreus)
(Knossos Palace)

CITADEL



THE LION GATE
Palace of Mycenaens - Greece
The Lion Gate was the main entrance of the Bronze

Age citadel of Mycenae, southern Greece. It was erected
during the 13th century BC, around 1250 BC in the
northwest side of the acropolis and is named after the
relief sculpture of two lionesses or lions in
a heraldic pose that stands above the entrance.
The Lion Gate is the sole surviving monumental piece

of Mycenaean sculpture, as well as the largest sculpture
in the prehistoric Aegean. It is the only monument of
Bronze Age Greece to bear an iconographic motif that
survived without being buried underground, and the only
relief image which was described in the literature
of classical antiquity, such that it was well known prior
to modern archaeology
The Lion Gate consists of four megalithic blocks of stone

arranged around an open space. At the base is a threshold to
the sides of which stand two upright stones or jambs. Across
the top of the jambs is an enormous lintel believed to weigh
around twenty tons.
On top the lintel sits a triangular block of stone some 27.5

inches thick which has been carved in relief, on the outward-
facing surface, two rampant lions (lionesses) with their
forepaws standing on an altar upon which is mounted a
tapering Minoan-style column

THE ROYAL PALACE
A - megaron; B - vestibule; C - porch; D,M,R - courts; E - propylon; F - columned porch;

G - pantries; H,J,W - storerooms; K - bathroom; L - queens megaron; N - boudoir; P - lavatory;
Q - archives room. GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
THE MEGARON

THE MEGARON
A large palace complex has been found at

many of the Mycenaean centers.
The complexes were built around a large rectangular

central hall or Megaron. The Mycenaean Megaron was
the precursor for the later Archaic and Classical temples
of the Greek world and consisted of an entrance porch,
a vestibule, and the hall itself.

Rooms were richly decorated with fresco paintings on the walls and plaster-painted floors.
Regarding materials, rooms in the palace were constructed with rubble fill and cross-beamed
walls and then covered in plaster inside and limestone blocks outside. Columns and ceilings were
usually of painted wood, sometimes with bronze additions.

Propylon
In ancient Greek architecture, a propylon, is a monumental gateway. The prototypical
Greek example is the propylaea that serves as the entrance to the Acropolis of Athens.
The Greek Revival Brandenburg Gate of Berlin and the Propylaea in Munich both evoke
the central portion of the Athens propylaea.

GREEK PROPYLON - Reconstruction GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

Hellenistic Greece
Hellenistic Greece corresponds to the period between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC
and the annexation of the classical Greek heartlands by Rome in 146 BC.
Although the establishment of Roman rule did not break the continuity of Hellenistic society and
culture, which remained essentially unchanged until the advent of Christianity, it did mark the end
of Greek political independence.
Cities such as Pergamon, Ephesus, Rhodes and Seleucia were also important, and increasing
urbanization of the Eastern Mediterranean was characteristic of the time.


CLASSICAL GREEK ORDERS



Doric Capitol Ionic Capitol Corinthian Capitol



Entablature - the structure which lies horizontally above columns and which is composed of the
architrave, frieze and cornice.
Cornice - the decorative projecting part at the top of the entablature which also aided in drainage of
rainwater.
Frieze - the widest and central part of the entablature often richly decorated with relief sculpture.
Architrave - the lowest part of the entablature, the part below the frieze.

Abacus - a large slab placed above the column capital to support the architrave or an arch
placed above it.
Drum - the individual circular pieces used to construct some types of columns.
Flute - the curved vertical channel carved in a column.
Stylobate - the foundation on which a row of columns stand. Often slightly curved to aid drainage.
Pediment - the triangular space above the entablature at the short sides of a temple. Often
richly decorated with sculpture in the round.

Capital - the crown which joins the top of a column with the abacus and aids in distributing weight.
Triglyph - a decorative element of a frieze with two vertical grooves. Often used in alteration with
metopes.
Metope - a square space in the frieze between two triglyphs, often filled with relief sculpture or
ornaments such as shields.
Most Greek temples have a pattern under the pediment known as triglyphs and metopes. The triglyphs alternate with
the metopes across the front of the temple. Triglyphs (TRY-gliffs) have three parts, and then in between the triglyphs
are the metopes (MET-oh-peas).
Dentils- It is one of a series of closely spaced, rectangular blocks that form a molding. Dentil molding
usually projects below the cornice, along the roof line of a building. However, dentil molding can form
a decorative band anywhere on a structure. It is especially noticeable in the pediment of a portico of a
Neoclassical building.


DORIC IONIC CORINTHIAN
CAPITAL
FLUTES
Cornice
Frieze
ENTABLATURE Architrave
BASE



STYLOBATE

COLUMN BASE
Temple of Apollo (of Ionic order with 'dipteral decastyle'

plan) -Carved base of fluted Ionic order columns]
All the measurements of structure and details of the

Greek Temples used to be in proportion to the Diameter
of the Base of the respective order. GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
MONOLITH COLUMNS

Joining of Columns


TENIA
GUTTAE
METOPE TRIGLYPH
REGU`LA




CAPITOLS
Doric
Ionic
Corinthian



DORIC ORDER
The base is D high with a square plinth 8/6 D

wide by D high.
The shaft is divided into 20 grooves / Channel
names Flutes.
Each channel is separated by a defined straight
edge, or arrise. Each arrise is 18 degrees apart,
the width slightly less than 1/6th D.
The Doric capital is D high and is divided into
three equal parts: the abacus, echinus and
neck.
The abacus which is 7/6 D wide has a small
cap made of a small fillet and cyma reversa.
DORIC ORDER



IONIC ORDER
The shaft is divided into 24 semicircular hollows or

flutes which are separated by fillets. Each flute is four
times wider than the fillet. When drawn freehand, the
flute is about 1/9 D.


The Ionic Capital is shown in front

elevation which shows the scroll volutes in
elevation. From the top of the abacus to
the bottom of the volutes is slightly more
than D.


CORINTHIAN ORDER





A Civic Building in USA

OPTICAL CORRECTION

Entasis
Entasis - Entasis was used by the Greeks
while building monuments to correct optical
illusions.
Entasis is Greek for swelling or tension and

relates to a convex curve incorporated into
upright structures like columns and spires.
If a column does not have Entasis it will not

appear to be straight particularly in very large
buildings.
No part of the outline of the Doric column is

parallel with its axis or center line. From the
very bottom, the shaft slopes in towards the
center, this slope increasing as it nears the
neck of the column, in portions of arcs of
circles of a varying though large radius.
Entasis



ENTASIS
Fortifications

Janpur Mosque 19/10/2020
GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE B.ARCH. (SEMESTER - III) 2020-2021 VISAKHAPATNAM
GREEK TEMPLES
https://youtu.be/POmNkRXw0_0

GREEK TEMPLES
Most religious buildings today are intended for congregational worship.
Ancient Greek temples were rarely used this way.
They were meant to serve as homes for the individual god or goddess who protected
and sustained the community. The Greek Gods controlled the forces of nature — the
sun and rain, which nourished their crops, and the winds that drove their ships.
Although generally benevolent, the gods could be quite capricious and were liable to
turn against the community— so it was in everyone's interest to make sure that they
should feel relaxed and at home.
Their houses were the finest, equipped with a staff of servants to look after their every
need. They received daily offerings of food and drink along with a proper share of the
harvest as well as a share in the profits of any trading or military activity.

Naos / Cella - the inner area of a temple, usually rectangular and without windows,
sometimes columned. Often subdivided into smaller rooms, the largest of which often
housed a large cult statue to a particular deity.
Peristyle- the colonnade around a peripteral building or around a court.
Peripteral- a temple whose cella is surrounded by a covered colonnade.
Pronaos - the space between the outer columns and cella entrance in a temple.

Portico - a space for walking, usually columned, e.g.: at the front of a temple.
Opisthodomos - the recessed porch in the rear of a Greek temple order
Pilaster - an ornamental column carved in relief on a wall surface.
Adyton - the most sacred inner part of a temple, usually at the end of the cella
furthest from the entrance, often with restricted access to the initiated or priests.

ANTAE: When the walls of a portico extend in line with the façade columns.

Prostyle Temple -
a temple with columns only at
the front façade.
Prostyle Amphiprostyle
Temple Temple

Tholos - A circular-shaped temple, the

most famous example being at Delphi.
Tholos

Peripteral Temple - when all four external sides have columns.
Peripteral
Dipteral 19/10/2020
Pseudo - peripteral Temple

A Contemporary Building .. Inspired from the Design of Greek Temples..

ACROPOLIS . . ATHENS


The Acropolis of Athens and its monuments are universal symbols of the classical
spirit and civilization and form the greatest architectural and artistic complex
bequeathed by Greek Antiquity to the world. In the second half of the fifth century bc,
Athens, following the victory against the Persians and the establishment of
democracy, took a leading position amongst the other city-states of the ancient world.
In the age that followed, as thought and art flourished, an exceptional group of artists
put into effect the ambitious plans of Athenian statesman Pericles and, under the
inspired guidance of the sculptor Pheidias, transformed the rocky hill into a unique
monument of thought and the arts. - UNESCO

The Athenian Acropolis is the supreme expression of
the adaptation of architecture to a natural site.
 This grand composition of perfectly balanced massive
structures creates a monumental landscape of unique
beauty consisting of a complete series of masterpieces
of the 5th century BC.
 The monuments of the Acropolis have exerted an
exceptional influence.
 The Acropolis is located on a rocky promontory 156m
above the valley of Ilissos; it covers a surface area of
less than 3ha.



The single greatest building constructed during the Greek Classical period. Built as a temple to
worship Athena who was the patron goddess of the city of Athens.
The architects of the Parthenon intended the brilliant white marble to be the ultimate expression
of Athens grandeur. Even in ruins, it crowns the Acropolis. The Parthenon remained relatively intact
until 1687 when it was severely damaged in an explosion.
The Parthenon was heavily damaged in 1678 by Turkish bombardment. It is currently being
carefully reconstructed.
In addition to damage in wartime, it has lost many of its sculptures. Some are in the British
Museum, some in other museums

https://youtu.be/3T7_oi985dg

The most important monuments were built during

that time:
1. The Parthenon, built by Ictinus,
2. The Erechtheon,
3. The Propylaea, the monumental entrance to
the Acropolis, designed by Mnesicles and
4. The small temple Athena Nike at the Grand
entry point.

The Parthenon: An enormous Doric-style temple that remains the star attraction of the Acropolis. It
featured ornate sculptures and housed a spectacular statue of the goddess Athena.
The Propylaea: A monumental entryway to the Acropolis that included a central building and two
wings, one of which was covered with elaborately painted panels.
The Temple of Athena Nike: A small Ionic-style temple located to the right of the Propylaea built as a
shrine to Athena Nike.
The Erechtheion: A sacred Ionic temple made of marble which honored Athena and several other
gods and heroes. It’s best known for its porch supported by six Caryatid maiden statues.
The Statue of Athena Promachos: A gigantic (almost 30 feet tall) bronze statue of Athena that stood
next to the Propylaea.






THE PARTHENON



https://youtu.be/PWPCZ1UjYmI

• It was built 447-432 BC.
• The older shrines and temples were destroyed by the Persians when they sacked Athens in 480BC.
• Its massive foundations were made of limestone, and the columns were made of Pentelic marble,
a material that was utilized for the first time.

THE TEMPLE FORM
• The Parthenon is a Doric Temple,

named because of the style/order of
column used in its construction.
• The Parthenon was a Doric temple. The

Doric was considered the most ancient
and the most dignified order.
• The Parthenon’s form grew out of other,

earlier Greek temples. The simplest
temples had a cella and a pronaos.
• A Doric temple has 8 columns on each

end and 17 along each side.
• The Parthenon is 60 meters in length, 30

meters wide and 18 meters in height.


The cella was unusually large to accommodate the oversized

statue of Athena, confining the front and back porch to a much
smaller than usual size. A line of six Doric columns supported
the front and back porch, while a colonnade of 23 smaller
Doric columns surrounded the statue in a two-storied
arrangement. The placement of columns behind the statue was
an unusual development since in previous Doric temples they
only appeared on the flanks, but the greater width and length
of the Parthenon allowed for a dramatic backdrop of double
decked columns instead of a wall.
The back room sheltered Athena’s treasure and four columns

of the Ionic order supported its roof. The introduction of
elements of the Ionic order in a predominately Doric temple
was more dramatic in the development of a continuous freeze
on the exterior wall of the cella. While the integration of
Doric and Ionic elements on the same temple was not a new
development in Greek architecture, it was rare, and bestowed
on the Parthenon a delicate balance between austere and
delicate visual characteristics.



Reconstruction of the East side of the Parthenon by A. Orlandos

The porches were enclosed with metal grilles between the columns. The grilles bore doors
that reached the ceiling. 19/10/2020
Elements in the Pediment
Reconstruction of the East Pediment of the Parthenon at the Acropolis Museum GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE



Aisle The Main Sactum

RECONSTRUCTING PARTHENON
The Erechtheion
The Erechtheion or Erechtheum
https://youtu.be/3ebYvMC12HI

While the Parthenon was the most impressive temple on the Acropolis,
another building, the Erechtheion was built to accommodate the
religious rituals that the old temple housed.
The Erechtheion is an intricate temple. It sprang from a complex
plan that was designed to accommodate the radically uneven
ground on the site, and to avoid disturbing sacred shrines like the
altars to Poseidon (Erechtheus), and Hephaestus.
The elegance and delicate forms of the Erechtheion contrast

sharply with the neighboring Parthenon that counter-balances the
architectural complex with its majestic, Doric presence.
It is an ancient Greek
temple on the north side of
the Acropolis of
Athens in Greece which was
dedicated to
both Athena and Poseidon.

The temple faces east, and its entrance is lined with six
long Ionic columns. To the north and west the wall of
the temple drops dramatically to almost twice the
altitude of the front and south sides.
The temple is unusual in that it incorporates two

porches (prostaseis); one at the northwest corner
which is supported by tall Ionic columns, and one at
the south-west corner which is supported by six
massive female statues, the famous Caryatid


The Erechtheion was a complex marble building in the Ionic order, an exceptional
artwork.
The eastern part of the Temple was dedicated to Athena, whilst the western part
was dedicated to local hero Boutes, Hephaistos and other gods and heroes.
The Caryatids from the south porch of the Erechtheion

The Heights of Integrating Art with Architecture!
The Beautiful Sculptures turned out to be Structural Members

as Columns .
A caryatid, meaning Maid is a sculpted female figure serving as an

architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar
supporting an entablature on her head.
An Artistic Portico: Austrian Parliament building

Entrance Canopy of a Hotel

Temple of Athena Nike



The Temple of Athena Nike, Built between 427 and 424 BC,
The earliest fully Ionic temple on the Acropolis
It has a prominent position on a steep bastion at the south west corner of the Acropolis to the right
of the entrance, the Propylaea.
Nike means victory in Greek, and
Athena was worshipped in this form, as goddess of victory in war and wisdom.
THE PROPYLEA


It is a monumental gateway. The prototypical Greek example is the propylaea that serves
as the entrance to the Acropolis of Athens.
The Propylaia were built by Mnesikles in 437-432 B.C. as a monumental tripartite

entrance to the Acropolis, taking the place of a sixth century propylon of which traces
can still be seen.
On the native rock is set a flight of marble steps, the lowest step of gray Eleusinian
marble, the others of light-colored Pentelic marble.



The word “agora” derives from the ancient Greek term aegirine, meaning “to gather together”. It is
commonly translated as “assembly,” “assembly place,” and “marketplace.” The agora was a crucial
component of all Greek villages and towns across the Mediterranean.
In ancient Greek cities, an open

space that served as a meeting
ground for various activities of the
citizens such as religious, political,
judicial, social, and commercial
activities.
The agora was located either in the

middle of the city or near the harbor,
which was surrounded by public
buildings and by temples.




The Stoa

A stoa , in ancient Greek architecture, is a covered

walkway or portico, commonly for public use.
Early stoas were open at the entrance with columns,

usually of the Doric order, lining the side of the
building; they created a safe, enveloping, protective
atmosphere.
The Stoa (pl. stoae), the long-covered porches

fronting or surrounding buildings, often with a double
colonnade, that became the symbolic feature of
classical Greek architecture.
Here, in a shaded but well-lit and well-ventilated

space, many people could gather to conduct business
or test new or competing ideas.


Typical of the Hellenistic age, the stoa was more elaborate and larger than the
earlier buildings of ancient Athens.
The Stoa's dimensions : 115 X 20 mts (377 X 65 feet)
Building Materials : Pen telic marble and limestone.
The Doric order was used for the exterior colonnade
The Ionic for the interior colonnade.
The Stoa of Attalos
Oblique view of the Stoa of Attalos with the Acropolis in the background.
Hellenistic Addition to Agora

1952

During the Process of Reconstruction (In-Situ)

1956

The Stoa of Attalos





THE THOLOS
The Tholos, a rare example of a Classical building of round shape and

certainly the only one of its kind in the Agora,

THE BOULETARION
The Bouleuterion, a simple structure at the west side of the Athenian Agora,
east of the Tholos, dates from the end of the6th century BC.
It was used to accommodate the members of the Boule, a council with major
advisory, legislative and administrative responsibilities in the Athenian
Democracy.


The building consisted of a large, oblong ante-chamber, and a rectangular

main hall with a capacity of 700 persons. A colonnade which had the shape
of the Greek letter "Π" supported the roof.


Hellenic & Hellenistic Periods
Hellenic (Greek) refers to the people who lived in classical Greece before Alexander
the Great's death.
Greeks (Hellenic) were isolated, and their civilization was termed classic because it
was not heavily influenced by outside forces. Hellenistic (Greek-like) refers to Greeks
and others who lived during the period after Alexander's conquests.
They differ from Hellenic in territory (geographic influences), culture (philosophy and
religion), and political systems (changed from a democracy to many small monarchies
and ultimately to be controlled by Rome).

GREEK … STADIUM & THEATRE

Theatre at Epidaurus
The Ancient Theatre of Epidaurus, Peloponnese: The Ancient Theatre of Epidaurus is
regarded as the best-preserved ancient theatre in Greece in terms of its perfect acoustics
and fine structure.
It was constructed in the late 4th century BC and it was finalized in two stages. Originally
the theatre had 34 rows of seats during Hellenistic Period and extended 24 rows by
Romans.

Cevea,


Series of Cevae ( Horse Shoe / Semi-Circular Gallery Space) GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
21 Rows
(Roman Addition)
34 Rows
(Hellenistic)



Odeon of Herodes Atticus,
Athens.
- a building used for musical

performances

Odeon of Herodes Atticus is placed at the south-west of Acropolis of Athens.
Diameter is 80m, Capacity is 5,000people. It is said that the building might be

covered with a roof.

ATHENS FEST



Greek Stadia

In the ancient Greek world, the word stadium or stadion referred to a measurement of
distance, a foot-race, and the place where the race was held and observed by
spectators.
Greek sporting events were closely connected to religion, and for this reason Games
were held at religiously important sites or sanctuaries.
Greek City Olympia housed the prototype for formal Stadia.

The stadion race was a single length of the track and equivalent to the
modern-day 200 m running race. GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

City of Olympia
Olympia is an ancient site on Greece's Peloponnese
peninsula that hosted the original Olympic Games,
founded in the 8th century B.C. Its extensive ruins
include athletic training areas, a stadium and temples
dedicated to the gods Hera and Zeus. The
Archaeological Museum of Olympia exhibits finds from
the site, including a statue of Hermes attributed to the
sculptor Praxiteles
Olympia was not a city, but a sacred area

surrounded by a wall (the Altis) with a few temples and
around it a limited accommodation for sportive events,
including a running track and a horse track.
Statue of Zeus at Olympia

The running track

The running track, also called stadion, after the running event and the distance of the same name, was
in the first centuries of the games a simple a rectangular track, running east-west between two low
slopes within the sanctuary. The stadion was 600 feet long. Because the foot had a slightly different
length in all Greek cities, also the length of the stadion differed. The one at Olympia was 192,28 meter.
The track was made level with a layer of clay and covered with a thin layer of sand.
Two stone slabs, with parallel lines engraved in them, marked the beginning and the end of the track.
There were no seats; the spectators stood on the slopes surrounding the track.


Greek Architecture

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AAR 203 , HISTORY OF WESTERN ARCHITECTURE Unit : 3

GITAM (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

Lecture 01: Knowing Yourself

CLASSICAL GREEK PERIOD

a. Characteristic feature of Aegean Architecture

d. The Acropolis at Athens.

e. Theatre, Stadium and Agora

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

CLASSICAL GREEK PERIOD

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

GREEK = ATHENIAN = AEGEAN

The Bronze Age: The Tyrins

The Dark Age

The Classic Greek Period Orders, Acropolis

The Hellenistic Period (Later Greek Period)

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

The Mycenaean civilization flourished in the

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

The Bronze Age civilization of Crete has been

• Named after its most important ruler,

• Capital city = palace complex of Knossos

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

• Capital city = Mycenae

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

Summery of Aegean architecture

Minoan Age Mycenean Age

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

THE LION GATE

Palace of Mycenaens - Greece

The Lion Gate was the main entrance of the Bronze

The Lion Gate is the sole surviving monumental piece

The Lion Gate consists of four megalithic blocks of stone

On top the lintel sits a triangular block of stone some 27.5

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

THE ROYAL PALACE

A - megaron; B - vestibule; C - porch; D,M,R - courts; E - propylon; F - columned porch;

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

A large palace complex has been found at

The complexes were built around a large rectangular

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

GREEK PROPYLON - Reconstruction GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

CLASSICAL GREEK ORDERS

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

Doric Capitol Ionic Capitol Corinthian Capitol

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

GITAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE