Network and

Telecommunications
UISO
Networks
Internet

Services
Applications
Research
Hosting
External
Internal Suppliers
Customers
Teamwork
Banks
Communication
Scheduling
Sharing
Sharing Data: Transactions

Internet

Database Management
System and Web Server
Or Point-of-Sale system
Sharing Data: Decisions & Collaboration
Decisions & collaboration
File Server and Database
Teamwork & joint authorship

Team Document

Report and
Comments
Sharing Data: E-mail

Internet

2. Message 3. Transferred
transferred to via the Internet
account on to the
server. destination
account.

4. Message
received when
user checks e-
1. User creates e-mail message. mail.
Hardware Sharing
Printers
Storage
Processors
Corporate or
external computer
access tape drive
(backup)
Workstations

Server
Shared Printer

Files are transferred from workstations to the server.

Software automatically copies files to tapes.
LAN administrator can restore files if needed.
 Telecommunications in Business

• Telecommunications
• Any form of long distance communication, including telephone,
television and radio
• Telecommunications has improved business in
three main ways:
• Better communication
• Higher efficiency
• Better distribution of data
 What is Data Communications?

• Data Communications
• Any transfer of data within a computer, between a computer and
another device, or between two computers
• Integration
• Business are increasingly integrated in their use of computers,
telephony, video and data networks
 Channels and Media
• Communication Channel
• Physical medium through which data can be
communicated.

• Channel Capacity
• Narrow band
• Broadband
 Channels and Media
• Media
• A medium is any means by which data can be transmitted.

• Transmission speed
• A medium’s capacity is determined by the range of bits per second at which it
can operate.
 Channels and Media
• Twisted Pair
• Telephone line made of a pair of copper wires twisted to reduce
electromagnetic interference (EMI)

• Coaxial Cable
• Commonly used for cable television transmission
• More expensive than twisted pair
• Greater transmission rate than twisted pair
• Much less susceptible to EMI
 Channels and Media
• Microwaves
• High-frequency, short radio-frequency (RF) waves
• Terrestrial microwave
• Satellite microwave
• Optical Fiber
• Fiber-optic technology uses light instead of electricity to transmit data.
• Cellular and Wireless
• Radio frequency technologies
• Fixed or mobile
 Network Transmission Media
Fiber Optic Cable
Twisted Pair Example:
Example: Long distance phone lines
Local phone lines reflective cladding
glass or plastic

Radio or Micro Waves

Example:
Cellular phones
antenna
Coaxial
Example:
Cable TV
Fiber Optics
• Faster
• More data
• Less magnetic interference
• Long stretches without repeaters
900 copper wires can be
replaced by one fiber
optic line (for telephone
connections).
 Wireless Technologies
Cellphone or WiMax
2-10 miles, 128 kbps - 10 mbps (4G)

Bluetooth
10-30 feet
2.1 mbps
3.0: 24 mbps

Ultra-wideband Wi-Fi
10-30 feet 50-200 feet
1 gbps 11 mbps - 250 mbps
 Networking & Communications
• Telephones & Computers
• Broadband
• Network components
• NIC
• NOS
• Routers
• Switches
Network Components
• Computers
• Servers
• Work stations
• Media Personal Computer
• Cables Personal Computer
LAN card
• Fiber optic LAN card
• Radio
• Infrared
• Connection devices
Internet

Router
LAN card

LAN card

Switch Shared Printer

Firewall Server
 Communication Direction
• Three Modes of Communication Between
Devices

• Simplex
• One direction only
• Half-Duplex
• Both directions, but only one at a time
• Full-Duplex
• Simultaneous in both directions
 Networks Devices
• Bridge
• Connects two networks at the data link layer
• Router
• Connects two networks at network layer
• Provides intelligent routing, some network management functions and
security
• Gateways
• Connect networks using different protocols
• Switches
• Incorporate features of bridges and gateways
Communication Direction

Simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex communication

Connecting Networks
• The need for standards
• A changing environment

Internet
Backbone fiber optic

Routers or Switches

Switch

Hub

Hub

Radio-based network
 Enterprise Network
Building 1
Building 2
Fiber optic
Switch

Servers
Firewall

Workstations/PCs

Internet – ISP
Subsidiary
Corporate Infrastructure
 Devices needed to set up a computer
network
• Modem
• Router
• Firewall
• Switch
• LAN Cable / Patch Cable
• Access Point
• Patch Panel
Internet Network Architecture
 Internet Services & Communication Tools
• Email
• Telnet
• IM (Instant Messaging)
• VoIP (Voice Over IP)
• VPN (Virtual Private Network)
• Unified Communications
Unified
Communications
 Internet
• IPv6
• Internet2 (NGI)
• Web 2.0, 3.0