LESSON 1: THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

COMMUNICATION
- Is the exchange of information, thoughts, ideas, opinions, and feelings from one person to another or
from one person to a group of people.
- Derived from the Latin word communis, which means common or “to share.”
- May be defined as a process and result.
 Process is the exchange of thoughts and messages.
 Can be said complete when the intended recipient understands the message (result).

THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

- Human communication is a conscious/unconscious, deliberate/unplanned process in which feelings,
thoughts and concepts are exchanged through verbal and nonverbal messages. It can occur on
intrapersonal, interpersonal and public levels. Such a process may be described as dynamic,
irreversible, experiential, interactive and non-stop.

Communication is a process that includes the following elements:

 Sender – The communicator that sends the message. He/she needs a message to encode and send
through a channel to the other communicator
 Receiver – The communicator that receives and decodes the message to understand its meaning. This
person is expected to give feedback for the communication process to continue
 Message – The meaning expressed Feedback – The reply/reaction to the message sent by the other
communicator
 Channel – The means or the mode by which the message was sent

Summarizing the process:

1. The Sender encodes meaning/message.

2. The Sender chooses the most appropriate means by which to send his/her message.

3. The Receiver receives the message.

4. The Receiver decodes the message.

5. The Receiver sends reply or feedback to the Sender.

 LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION

1. Intrapersonal Communication 3. Small Group Communication

2. Interpersonal Communication 4. Public Communication

 Immediate 4.1 Organizational Communication

 Delayed
 Face-to-face 5. Mass Communication
 Technology-mediated

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

1. Verbal Communication 2. Non-verbal communication

- Spoken - Facial Expressions

- Written - Hand Gestures

- Body Movements

MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

OSGOOD AND SCHRAMM’S MODEL

HAROLD LASWELL’S COMMUNICATION MODEL

BARNLUND’S TRANSACTIONAL MODEL

ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

FRANK DANCE’S MODEL

GATEKEEPER MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

SHANNON AND WEAVER’S MODEL