ENGLISH 104

Speech and Oral Communication

 Communication: Definition
• Communication is the way interpersonal
connections are created, enhanced,
maintained, and destroyed ( Joesting,1998).
• Communication starts relationships. Every
time you communicate to another person,
you share yourself to that person.
• Communication is the transmission of
messages via verbal and non – verbal.
Communication: It’s Nature and Elements
1. Communication is a dynamic process which means that it is
not constant but it changes.
2. In communication, messages are sent, not meanings.
3. Communication takes many forms. It can occur in informal
conversations where the topic is unplanned. It is also
present in highly-structured environment like seminars,
meetings, lecture, mass media, etc.
4. Communication is an active process. It involves skills like
choosing a topic/message carefully, understanding and
adapting to the audience, using active listening.
5. In communication, context should be given emphasis.
Communication as process.
The ingredients which make up a communication process are:
1. Sender/ Encoder- has to translate his intention, objectives or
goal into something which is understandable to the receiver.
2. Message – is simply the information, ideas, thoughts, facts,
feelings, that the sender/encodere will convey to the
receiver.
3. include
Channel-face
thistoisface conversations,
the medium through which theconferencing,
message will be
video telephone
conveyed from the calls, written
speaker masschannels
to the listener. The media, etc.
4. communication,
Receiver/ Decoder- the receiver has to decode it using his
her decoding skills which are the sensory skills.
5. Feedback- it is the response of the receiver in relation to the
message sent by the sender.
 LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION
Levels of Communication
1. Intrapersonal Communication
2. Interpersonal Communication
3. Public Communication
4. Mass communication
5. Communication Technology
6. Organizational Communication
. Intercultural Communication
. Development Communication
Nature
Communication within oneself
Communication between two persons or relatively
small group of people.
Communication with an audience
Communication via the use of mass media print
Communication through the use of information
technology
Communication in the workplace with an objective
to carry out the company’s objectives and purposes.
Communication between and among cultural
communities with an objective for globalization,
understanding and good will.
Communication between and among progressive
and developing societies with an objective for
mutual development and progressive.
 MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

This model was developed by Greeks in ancient times. It is

the most basic and simplest of all the communication models.
It is a one-way process and lacks feedback. This type of
communication is used in mass media, lectures, seminars,
public speaking and Homily during Mass.
 THE LASSWELL’S
MODEL

This model was developed by Harold Lasswell and one of the

earliest models of communication.
The who refers to the research area called “ Control Analysis”. it is the
communicator who formulates the message. The what refers to
“Content Analysis”. It is the content of message. The channel
refers to “Media Analysis”. It indicates the medium of transmission.
The whom refers to “Audience Analysis”. It describes either an
individual recipient or the audience of mass communication. The
effect refers to “Effect Analysis” or the outcome of the message.
 THE SCHRAMM’S MODEL

The proponent of this model is Wilbur Schramm. This model puts emphasis on the
field of experience as the focal point of communication. This model makes use of a venn
diagram. The overlapping region region is the similarity between the fields of
experience of both the sender and receiver. The separate regions are differences.
This model asserts that for communication to begin, there has to be a signal- similar
experiences. Given this premise, the sender has to assess and analyze the audience
before initiating a conversation.
 BERLO’S
MODEL

This model by David Berlo emphasizes that both the sender and
receiver have to be at least on the same level in terms of communication
skills, knowledge, attitude, social system and culture.
 SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL

This model by Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren Weaver is the

most influential model of communication. It was specifically designed
to improve the technical communication but later on applied in
understanding the factors that affect the communication process
called noise.
 WHITE’S MODEL

The proponent of this model is Eugene White. The model focuses on the eight stages
of communication:
1. Thinking
2. Symbolizing
3. Expressing
4. Transmitting
5. Receiving
6. Decoding
7. Feedbacking
8. Monitoring
ASSIGNMENT(Activity #2)
DIRECTIONS:
1. Research more information about the models of
communication then provide further information that
are not mentioned in my PPT presentation. Write your
answers in a one whole sheet of paper.
2. Explain why does the Aristotelian model is said to be
a one way communication process. Cite an example.
 Kamsahamnida!!!!!

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