Reinforced Concrete Structures

Debre Markos University

DMiT
Department of Civil Engineering
Lecture-4
(Introduction to column and staircase design)
 Introduction

A column
▪Vertical compressive Structural members
▪Transmits axial compressive loads with or
without moment
▪Transmit loads from the floor & roof to the
foundation
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 Classification of column
Based on geometry
◼ Rectangular
◼ square
◼ circular
◼ L-shaped
◼ T-shaped
◼ Elliptical
Fig. 1: Classification of column based on geometry 3
 Cont’d…
Based on composition
▪ Composite columns:- consists of steel or cast iron
structural member encased in concrete.

▪ Infilled columns:- are those having steel pipe filled

with plain or lightly reinforced concrete.

Fig. 2: Classification of column based on composition

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 Cont’d…
Based on lateral reinforcement

◼ Tie
• Longitudinal reinforcement held in
position by separate ties
• 95% of all columns in buildings are tied
• Tie support long bars (reduce buckling)
• Ties provide negligible restraint to lateral
expose of core 5
Cont’d…

Fig. 3: Tie columns 6

 Cont’d…
◼ Spiral
• Longitudinal bars are wrapped by a closely
spaced spiral
• Restrains Poisson’s expansion of concrete
• Axial load delays failure (ductile)

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Cont’d…

Fig. 4: Spiral column

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 Cont’d…
Based on bracing system
▪ Un-Braced:
• Where horizontal loads are resisted by the frame action
of rigidly connected columns, beams, &slabs.
• Are flexible and allow horizontal displacement
▪ Braced:
• Where the lateral loads are resisted by diagonal bracing
,shear walls, lift shafts, or other forms of bracing capable
of transmitting all horizontal loading to the
foundation.
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Cont’d…

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 Cont’d…
Based on second order effect
◼ Short
◼ Slender
Based on basis of loading
◼ Axially loaded
◼ Uniaxial
◼ Biaxial
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 Cont’d…
P P P
My Mx My
Mx

Axially loaded columns Column under uni-axial Column under Bi-

bending axial bending 12
 Axially loaded columns
They are columns subjected to axial and concentric
load without moment. The ultimate axial load
carrying capacity of the section can be computed
by considering the contribution of both materials.

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 Code provision for design of
reinforced concrete column
Size:
The minimum lateral dimension for

◼ Square & rectangular column 150 mm.

◼ Circular column is 200 mm.

The minimum longitudinal bar diameter is 8mm

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 Cont’d…
The total amount of longitudinal
reinforcement should not be less than As,min.

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 Cont’d…
◼ The total amount of longitudinal reinforcement
should not exceed As,max. i.e, 0.04Ac outside
the lap and 0.08Ac at laps

◼ For columns having a polygonal cross-section,

at least one bar should be placed at each
corner. The number of longitudinal bars in a
circular column should not be less than four.
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 Cont’d…
Transverse reinforcement:
◼ The diameter of ties or spirals shall not be less
than 6 mm or one quarter of the diameter of
the longitudinal bars.
◼ The center-to-center spacing of lateral
reinforcement shall not exceed:
◼ 20 times the minimum diameter of the longitudinal
bars
◼ The lesser dimension of the column
◼ 400 mm 17
 Cont’d…
◼ Spirals or circular ties may be used for
longitudinal bars located around the
perimeter of a circle. The pitch of spirals
shall not exceed 100 mm.

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 Structural behaviour of stair-case
◼ A stair-case behaves like an ordinary slab. Its
section is designed similar to slab as singly
reinforced without shear reinforcement.
◼ The main reinforcement is provided in the
direction of span while secondary
reinforcement is provided in other direction.19
 Proportioning of stair-cases
◼ Recommended width is shown in table:
Table. 1: Staircase width

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 Proportioning of stair-cases
◼ Recommended steps:
The rise and tread of steps on stair-case are usually
between 150mm to 200mm, between 200mm to
300mm, respectively.

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 Types of stair-case
A stair-case spanning in the direction of steps
may be:
◼ Fixed on one end (cantilever);
◼ Simply supported;
◼ Supported on central stringer beam and
fixed on both ends 22
Sample reinforcement detailing
of stair-cases

Fig. 5: Staircase types and reinforcement layouts

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Cont’d…

Fig. 5: Staircase types and reinforcement layouts cont’d …

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 Cont’d…

Fig. 5: Staircase types and reinforcement layouts cont’d …

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 Cont’d…

Fig. 5: Staircase types and reinforcement layouts cont’d …

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 Example for axially loaded column
Example: the 400 mm  400 mm column shown
below has eight 16 mm diameter longitudinal
bars. Calculate the ultimate axial load carrying
capacity of the columns.

Use C-25/30 concrete and S-300 reinforcement

steel, the column is given to be short and braced.
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 Cont’d…
Use C-25/30 concrete and S-300reinforcement
steel, the column is given to be short and
braced.

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 Cont’d…
◼

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 Cont’d…
◼

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 Cont’d…
◼

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