FBSMC

Module 2

Presented by

Ar. Geetika Verma

B.Arch- NIT Raipur, M.Plan- SPA Bhopal
Asst. Professor , Amity University Gurgaon
Beams and Columns
Beams and columns are two important types of structural elements that play a key role in creating a safe load path to
transfer the weight and forces on a structure to the foundations and into the ground. Beams are usually horizontal
structural elements that carry loads perpendicular to their longitudinal direction.

What Are Beams?

A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the beam’s axis. Its mode of deflection is
primarily by bending. The loads applied to the beam result in reaction forces at the beam’s support points.

How Are Beams Different from Columns?

Column is the vertical structural element which is attached to roof slab, beam or ceiling, and it transfers load to the footings
of building, whereas Beam is a structural element to carry the loads from the slabs to the columns and with stand against
the bending.

Can a Beam Be Used as a Column?

Beams and columns could be built using the same shapes and materials but each serves a different function and is
designed differently. Beams are used to support the weight of floors, ceilings and roofs of a building and to transfer the load
to a vertical load bearing element of the structure.
 Columns
Column can be classified as:
Braced – where the lateral loads are resisted by shear wall or other form of bracing capable of transmitting all horizontal loading
to the foundations; andUnbraced – where horizontal load are resisted by the frame action of rigidity connected columns, beams
and slabs.With a braced structure, the axial forces and moments in the columns are caused the vertical permanent and variation
action only;With an unbraced structure, the loading arrangement which include the effects of lateral load must also be
considered
Buildings Columns Types of Structural Columns
• Tied Column. • Circular columns
• Spiral Column. • Composite columns
• Composite Column. • L-shape columns
• Axially Loaded Column. • Short reinforced columns
• Column with Uniaxial • Spiral reinforced concrete
Eccentric Loading. columns
• Column with Biaxial • Square or rectangular columns
Eccentric Loading. • Stub columns
• Short Column. • Tension columns
 Beams
INTRODUCTION
A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the beam’s axis.
Its mode of deflection is primarily by bending. The loads applied to the beam result in reaction forces at the beam’s support
points.
The total effect of all the forces acting on the beam is to produce shear forces and bending moments within the beam, that
in turn induce internal stresses, strains and deflections of the beam.
Beams are characterized by their manner of support, profile (shape of cross-section), length, and their material.
Beams and Bending
Difference Between Beam and Column

Sr.No. Beam Column

Communally a horizontal member of a structure that Communally a vertical member of a structure that resists
1 resists transverse load is called a beam. axial/eccentric load is called a column.
The beam is carried load perpendicular to the
2 longitudinal axis. The column is carried load parallel to the longitudinal axis.
Beam is basically carried or resists bending and shear
3 force. Column is basically carried or resists compression load.
Beams shapes can be square, rectangular, T shape, I Column shape can be rectangular, circular, square, T
4
shape, H shape. shape, L shape, C shape, elliptical etc
Minimum width of a column is 200 mm, however, for
5 Minimum width of the beam is 200 mm.
earthquake resistance, it should be 300mm.
Longitudinal steel in Beam is on two faces which are
Longitudinal steel in Column is on all faces which basically
6 used to resist bending moment while the vertical
loads are resisted by stirrups or inclined beam resists compression

Communally cast with slab and hence greater care is Communally cast in small batches and hence the quality of
7 observed for its concreting and curing in case of RCC concreting as well as curing ignored in case of RCC
structures. structures.
8 Beam without building possible Here, Column important part of building
Roof --

Types of roof

Flat Sloped Domes

Lean-to-roof King post truss Queen post truss

Cylindrical Spherical
 Construction system:
1. Reinforced concrete,
2. Pre-stressed concrete and
3. Prefab system

Pre-stressed concrete

Reinforced concrete

Prefab system