BEAM Karthikeyan.

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BEAM
The generic name for a structural member (element) that is used
for spanning, sustains lateral (perpendicular) loading, and
develops internal resisting force actions of bending and shear is a
beam
Depending on its particular task in a structural system, a beam
may be further described as a
joist,
rafter,
purlin,
girder,
header, or lintel
TYPES OF BEAMS
1. simple supports.
2. cantilever beam
3. overhanging beam.
4. Continuous beam
5. fixed-end beam
SIMPLE SUPPORTS.

Supports that do not restrain rotation are called free, pinned, or simple supports. Thus
the beam is actually a simply supported beam, although it is more commonly called a
simple beam.
CANTILEVER BEAM

A cantilever beam consists of a single-span beam with only one end support, For
stability of the beam, this support must be a rotation-resisting support, called a fixed
support or a moment-resisting support.
OVERHANGING BEAM
Cantilevers exist less often than as extensions of beam ends over their supports, as
shown at the right end of the beam. The beam with an extended end is called an
overhanging beam.
CONTINUOUS BEAM

While the simple beam and single cantilever have deformed shapes with simple
single curvature, the overhanging beam has multiple, or double, curvature (S shaped
when the beam has a single extended end). This form of curvature is also found in
beams that are continuous through more than one span,
FIXED-END BEAM

single-span beam with both ends fully fixed against rotation. This is called a
restrained beam or a fixed-end beam and it takes the profile of the doubly inflected
curve shown
LOAD AND SUPPORT
CONDITIONS
Members that serve as beams exist in a variety of situations and sustain many types
of loads. The most common types of loading conditions are the following
Uniformly Distributed Load
Concentrated Load
Non-uniformly Distributed Load.
UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED
LOAD
1. The dead weight of the beam itself is constituted as a load that is distributed evenly along
the beam length,
2. This is a common loading and is called a uniformly distributed load, or simply a uniform
load.
3. If the beam supports a roof or floor deck directly the weight of the deck and any loads
carried by the deck will usually also be uniformly distributed on the beam
CONCENTRATED LOAD
Concentrated Load. The second most common load is one in which the force is
delivered to the beam at a single location, effectively as though it were concentrated
at point. In framing systems, beams that support the ends of other beams sustain
concentrated loads consisting of the end reactions of the supported beams.
NON-UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED
LOAD.
Non-uniformly Distributed Load. Complexities of the building form or construction sometimes
result in distributed loads on beams that are not uniform in magnitude along the beam length.
The load indicates a change in the magnitude of the distributed loading over part of the beam
length. the distributed load varies continuously in magnitude from zero at one end to a
maximum value at the other end. Another load that varies in magnitude, this is the form of load
commonly assumed for a beam that serves as a lintel over an opening in a masonry wall.
REINFORCED CEMENT
CONCRETE BEAM(R.C.C BEAM)
1. Concrete is very strong in compression and very weak in tensile.
2. Tensile strength is so low that in case of flexural concrete members, unless some
how its tensile strength is not increased, compressive strength of concrete can not be
fully utilized.
3. Steel is equally strong in tension as well as in compression.
4. A long steel rod can develop its full strength. But it cannot develop full strength in
compression because compressive members are subjected to buckling effect due to
slenderness ratio.
5. Now concrete is very good in compression and steel in tension and hence
combination these tow material makes an ideal material which is known as
reinforced cement concrete
Types of RCC beam
1. Single reinforced beam
2. Double reinforced beam
R.C.C BEAM
RCC BEAM
RCC BEAM
ADVANTAGE OF RCC BEAM
1. Concrete can be molded to any shape and size and hence any architectural shape
may be given to the structure.
2. R.C.C ingredients are easily available
3. Monolithic character imparts more rigidity to the structure
4. It is economical in initial construction
5. Its maintenance cost is practically nil.
6. R.C.C structures are completely fire resistant.
STEEL BEAM
1. Steel beam is a structural member with length considerably larger than
cross section dimension subjected to lateral loads which gives to bending
moment, shear force in the member .
2. Purlin which rest between the trusses and support roof sheets are beam for
this angle section or channels section are commonly used
3. T-section are used in water tanks to support steel plates.
4. In building I-section ae commonly used as beams for heavier loads I-
section with additional plates connected on flanges are used
1. Types of steel beam
1. Laterally supported beam
2. Laterally unsupported beam
STEEL SECTIONS
STEEL BEAM
TIMBER BEAM
1. A timber beam may consist of a single piece or may be built up form two or more
member, called as built up beam.
2. Analysis is the process to determine the magnitude of bending stress, horizontal
shear stress, bearing stress and deflection induced in the beam under a particular
set of imposed loads for a particular set of support conditions of the beam.
Timber beam are designed to resist
3. Maximum bending moment
4. Maximum horizontal shear stress
5. Maximum stress at the bearings
TIMBER BEAM
TIMBER BEAM
አመሰግናለሁ!!!