Coordinate axes cf.

DIN66217(1975-12)
Coordinate system
C o o rd in a te axes X, Y and Z are
p e rp e n d ic u la r to each other.
T h is a r ra n g e m e n t can be re p re ­
s e n te d b y th u m b , in d e x fin g e r
and m id d le fin g e r o f th e r ig h t
hand.
A x e s o f ro ta tio n A, B a n d C are
as s ig n e d to c o o rd in a te axes X,
Y a n d Z.
W h e n lo o k in g d o w n o n e a x is in
th e p o s itiv e d ire c tio n , th e p o s itiv e
d ire c tio n o f ro ta tio n is clo ckw ise .

Coordinate axes in programming

C o o rd in a te axes a nd th e re s u ltin g
d ire c tio n s o f m o tio n are a lig n e d
t o th e m a in s lid e w a y s o f th e
CNC m a c h in e and are e s se n tia lly
re la tiv e to th e c la m p e d w o rk p ie c e
w ith its w o rk p ie c e zero p o in t.
P o s itive d ire c tio n s o f m o tio n al­
w a y s re s u lt in g re a te r c o o rd in a te
v a lu e s o n th e w o rk p ie c e .
T h e Z a x is a lw a y s ru n s in th e
d ire c tio n o f th e m a in sp in d le .
T o s im p lif y p r o g r a m m in g it is
a s s u m e d t h a t th e w o rk p ie c e
re m a in s m o tio n le s s and o n ly the
to o l m oves.

Example:
2-c a rria g e la th e w ith p r o g ra m m a b le
m a in s p in d le

Zero points and reference points cf. DIN ISO 2806 (1996-04)

M achine zero p o int M

O rig in o f th e m a c h in e c o o rd in a te s y s te m and set b y th e m a c h in e
m a n u fa c tu re r.

W orkpiece zero p o int W

O rig in o f th e w o rk p ie c e c o o rd in a te s y s te m and s e t b y th e p r o ­
g r a m m e r based o n p ro c e s s in g aspects.

Tool holder reference point T

Lies c e n tra l to th e lim itin g fa c e o f th e t o o l h o ld e r. O n m illin g
m a c h in e s , th is is th e a b u ttin g surfa c e o f th e to o l s p in d le , on la thes
A
th e a b u ttin g face o f th e to o l h o ld e r o n re v o lv e r.

Reference point R
O rig in o f in c re m e n ta l p o s itio n m e a s u re m e n t s y s te m w ith a dis­
tanc e t o th e m a c h in e zero p o in t s e t b y th e m a c h in e m a n u fa c tu re r.

Program zero point P0

Ind ic a te s th e c o o rd in a te s o f th e p o in t a t w h ic h th e to o l is located
be fo re s ta rt o f th e p ro g ra m . 1) n o t s ta n d a rd iz e d
 Program structure
Tasks of the control program
Block structure

Explanation of w ords:
N10 b lo c k n u m b e r 10
G01 feed, lin e a r in te rp o la tio n
X30 c o o rd in a te o f ta rg e t p o in t in X d ire c tio n
Y40 c o o rd in a te o f ta rg e t p o in t in Y d ire c tio n
F150 feed 150 m m /m in
S900 speed o f m a in s p in d le 9 0 0 /m in
T01 t o o l no. 1
M 03 s p in d le c lo c k w is e

Program structure

Example:
CNC program
%01
N1 G90 M 04
N2 G 96 F0.2 S180
N3 G 00 X20 Z2
N4 G01 X30 Z-3
N5 Z-15
N6 G 00 X 2 00 Z200
N7 M 30

Preparatory functions
Prep. Effective­ Prep. Effective­
M eaning M eaning
functions ness functions ness

G00 P o s itio n in g at ra p id rate G53 C ancel s h ift

G01 L in e a r in te rp o la tio n
G54– S h ift 1–
G59 –S h ift 6
G02 C ircle in te rp o la tio n c lo c k w is e

G03 Circle in te rp o l. c o u n te rc lo c k w is e G 74 A p p ro a c h refe re n ce p o in t

G 04 D w e ll t im e p r e d e te rm in e d G80 C ancel fix e d cycle

G 09 Exact s to p G81– Fixed cycle 1–

G89 – Fixed c y c le 9
G17 Plane se le c tio n X Y

G 18 Plane s e le c tio n ZX G 90 A b s o lu te d im e n s io n a l n o ta tio n

G19 Plane s e le c tio n Y Z G91 In c re m e n ta l d im e n s io n a l n o ta tio n

G33 T h re a d c u ttin g , c o n s ta n t G 94 Feed rate

pitc h in m m /m in

G40 Cancel to o l o ffs e t G95 Feed in m m

G41 C u tte r c o m p e n s a tio n , le ft G96 C o n s ta n t c u ttin g s peed

A G42 C u tte r c o m p e n s a tio n , rig h t G97 S p in d le sp eed in 1/m in

m o d a l: P re p a ra to ry fu n c tio n s th a t re m a in e ffe c tiv e u n til th e y are o v e r w r itte n b y a s im ila r ty p e o f

c o n d itio n .
n o n -m o d a l: P re p a ra to ry fu n c tio n s th a t are o n ly e ffe c tiv e in th e b lo c k in w h ic h th e y are p ro g ra m m e d .

Universal miscellaneous functions (m-functions, selection) cf. DIN 66025-2 (1988-09)

M 00 P ro g ra m m e d sto p M 04 S p in d le c o u n te rc lo c k w is e M 07 C o o lin g lu b ric a n t ON

M 02 P ro g ra m end M 05 S p in d le s to p M 09 C o o lin g lu b ric a n t OFF

M 03 S p in d le c lo c k w is e M 06 T oo l change M 30 P ro g ra m end w ith reset

 Tool offset and Cutter compensation
Turning M illing

Tool offset

Q tra n s v e rs e o ffs e t o f X axis E t o o l re fe re n c e p o in t Z to o l le n g th

L lo n g itu d in a l c o rre c tio n o f Z axis M c e n te r o f c u ttin g ra d iu s rε R to o l ra d iu s
rε c u ttin g ra d iu s P t o o l c u ttin g p o in t T to o l h o ld e r re fe re n c e p o in t
1–8 p o s itio n a l c o d e d ig its 1) n o t s ta n d a rd ize d E to o l re fe re n c e p o in t
T to o l h o ld e r re fe re n ce p o in t P to o l c u ttin g p o in t

Offset mem ory

Z 126
R 10

Cutter compensation
G41 Lathe tool left G42 Lathe to o l rig ht G41 M illing cutter left

Lathe tool in fro n t of spindle axis G42 M illin g cutter rig ht

C o n d itio n o f la th e t o o l p o s itio n in fr o n t o f s p in d le ax is a c c o rd in g to
DIN 66217: Because o f th e d iffe re n t p e rs p e c tiv e in th e X -Z pla n e , th e
c u tte r c o m p e n s a tio n w o u ld be o p p o s ite f o r th e u ser lo o k in g d o w n on
th e w o rk p ie c e and fo r p ro g ra m m in g .

C u tte r c o m p e n s a tio n s G41 a n d G42 m a y be c a nceled w ith fu n c tio n G40.

 Program structure of CNC machines according to DIN
Machining motion for vertical milling machines cf. DIN 66025-2 (1983-01)

G01 Linear m otion

Designation and m achining exam ple:

CNC program

N...
N10 G00 X20 Y10 Z1 (P1)
N20 G01 Z0 (P2)
( P3)
N...

G02 Clockw ise circular m o v e m e n t

Designation and m achining exam ple:

CNC progr am

N...
N10 G41
N20 G01 X6 Y4 (P1)
N30 Y20.39 (P2)
(P3)
N50 G01 X40 (P4)
N...

G03 C ounterclockw ise circular m o v e m e n t

D esignation and m achining exam ple:

A
CNC program

N...
N10 G41
N20 G01 X6 Y4 (PI)
N30 Y21.88 (P2)
(P3)
N50 G01 X40 (P4)
N...
 Program structure of CNC machines according to DIN
Machining motions of lathes cf. DIN 66025-2 (1983-01)

G01 Linear m o v e m e n t

D esignation and
m achining exam ple:

CNC program

N...
N10 G00 X60 Z2 (P1)
(P2)
N30 X 80 (P3)
N40 X102 Z-61 (P4)
N...

G02 Clockw ise circular m o vem en t

D esignation and m achining exam ple:

CNC program

N...
N10 G 00 X 60 Z2 (P1)
N20 G01 Z-40 (P2)
(P3)
N40 G01 X110 (P4)
N...

G03 C o unterclockw ise circular m o vem en t

Desig nation and m achining exam ple:

CNC program

N...
N10 G01 X0 Z0 (P1)
N20 G03 X60 Z -11.46 10 K-45 (P2)
N30 G01 Z-40 (P3)
(P4)
N...
 Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL1)
Linear and circular interpolation for lathes and milling machines
Turning Milling
Increm ental pro g ram m in g w ith X I, Yl and Zl coordinates in NC program s w ith G 90

NC program NC program

A bsolute p ro g ram m in g w ith XA , Y A and Z A coordinates in NC program s w ith G91

NC program NC program

S ta rt angle AS w ith coo rd inate value X

NC program NC program

Circular interp olation w ith absolute cen ter po in t coordinates

Block structure: Block structure:

NC program NC program

Transition elem en ts radius RN + and phase RN–

The radius RN+ and the phase RN– are tran sition elem ents between tw o c o n to u r elem ents (circles, straight lines)
A
NC program NC program

1) Pr üfungsaufgaben- und Le hrm ittelentw icklungsstelle (PAL) (Institute fo r the developm ent o f trainin g and testing material)
 Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL functions for lathes and milling machines
Prog ram m ing coordinates and interpolation param eters

X A , Y A , ZA A b s o lu te in p u t o f c o o rd in a te v a lues re la tiv e t o th e w o rk p ie c e zero p o in t

X I, Y l, Z l In c re m e n ta l in p u t o f c o o rd in a te v a lu e s re la tiv e to th e c u rre n t to o l p o s itio n

IA , J A , KA A b s o lu te in p u t o f th e in te rp o la tio n p a ra m e te rs re la tiv e to th e w o rk p ie c e zero p o in t

T-addresses for tool change

T T o o l s to ra q e place in th e t o o l re v o lv e r o r h o ld e r

TC S e le ctio n o f th e n u m b e r f ro m th e o ffs e t m e m o ry

TR In c re m e n ta l to o l ra d iu s o r c u ttin g edge o ffs e t in th e selected o ffs e t m e m o ry

TL In c re m e n ta l to o l le n g th o ffs e t in th e selected o ffs e t m e m o ry (m illin g )

TZ In c re m e n ta l to o l le n g th o ffs e t in Z d ire c tio n in th e selected o ffs e t m e m o ry (tu rn in g )

TX In c re m e n ta l d ia m e te r o ffs e t in X d ire c tio n in th e selected o ffs e t m e m o ry (tu rn in g )

Additional M -fu n ctio n s 1) according to PAL

M 13 C loc k w is e s p in d le ro ta tio n , c o o la n t ON M 17 End o f s u b p ro g ra m

M 14 Counter clockwise spindle rotation, coolant ON M 60 C o n s ta n t feed

M 15 S p in d le and c o o la n t OFF M61 M 60 + c o rn e r s h a p in g

PAL functions for lathes

G -fu n c tio n s

Types of interp olation C u tter com pensation

GO R apid tra v e l/m o tio n G40 Cancel t o o l ra d iu s o ffs e t TRO

G1 L in e a r in te r p o la tio n w ith fe e d rate G41 T o o l ra d iu s o ffs e t TR O to th e le ft o f th e

p r o g r a m m e d c o n to u r
G2 C irc u la r in te r p o la tio n , c lo c k w is e
G42 T o o l ra d iu s o ffs e t TR O to th e r ig h t o f th e
G3 C irc u la r in te r p o la tio n , c o u n te r c lo c k w is e
p ro g r a m m e d c o n to u r
G4 D w e ll tim e
G9 E xact s to p Feeds and speeds
G14 T ra v e l to c o n fig u re d t o o l c h a n g e p o in t G92 R o ta tio n a l s p eed lim ita tio n
G61 L in e a r in te r p o la tio n f o r c o n to u r r o u tin g G94 Feed in m m p e r m in u te
G62 C irc u la r in te r p o la tio n f o r c o n to u r ro u tin g , G95 Feed in m m p e r re v o lu tio n
c lo c k w is e
G96 C o n s ta n t c u ttin g speed
G63 C irc u la r in te r p o la tio n f o r c o n to u r ro u tin g ,
G97 C o n s ta n t r o ta tio n a l spe e d
c o u n te r c lo c k w is e

Reference points P rogram features

G50 C a n c e lla tio n o f in c re m e n ta l zero p o in t G22 Call s u b p r o g ra m

s h ift and ro ta tio n s G23 R epeat p r o g r a m s e c tio n
G53 C a n c e lla tio n o f a ll z ero p o in t s h ifts and G29 C o n d itio n a l ju m p s
ro ta tio n s
Cycles
G 54- A d ju s ta b le a b s o lu te z ero p o in ts
G57 G31 T h re a d c y c le
G59 In c re m e n ta l C a rtes ia n zero p o in t s h ift and G32 T a p p in g c y c le
ro ta tio n
G33 T h re a d ch a s in g c ycle
M achining planes and rechucking G80 C o m p le tio n o f a m a c h in in g c y c le c o n to u r

G18 S e le c tio n o f th e p la n e o f ro ta tio n d e s c rip tio n A

G81 L o n g itu d in a l r o u g h - tu rn in g cycle
G17 Face m a c h in in g p la n e s
S h ell s u rfa c e /s e g m e n t s u rfa c e m a c h in in g G82 R o ugh fa c in g cycle
G19
planes G 83 R o u g h -tu rn in g c y cle p a ra lle l to th e c o n to u r

G30 R e c h u c k in q /o p p o s e d s p in d le ta k e o v e r G 84 D r illin g cycle

Dim ensions G85 U n d e rc u t cycle

G86 R adial g r o o v in g c y c le
G70 S e ttin g in p u t t o in c h u n its
G87 R adial c o n to u r c u ttin g cycle
G71 S e ttin g in p u t to m e tr ic u n its (m m )
G88 A x ia l g r o o v in g cycle
G90 A b s o lu te d im e n s io n s
G89 A x ia l c o n to u r c u ttin g c ycle
G91 In p u t o f in c re m e n ta l d im e n s io n s
 Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
G-functions for lathes
G22 Call sub program

S tructure of NC block
M achining exam p le
G22 L [H ] [/]
O bligatory addresses:
L n u m b e r o f th e
sub p ro g ra m
O ptional addresses:
H num ber of
repetitions
/ e x tra c t le vel

G23 Repeat program section

S tructure of N C block M ach in in g ex a m p le

G 23 N N [H]
O bligatory addresses:
N s ta rt b lo c k n u m b e r o f th e p r o g r a m s e c tio n to
be re p eated
N e n d b lo c k n u m b e r o f th e p r o g r a m s e c tio n to
be re p eated
O ptional addresses:
H n u m b e r o f re p e titio n s

G 14 Travel to to o l change point

Structure of NC block
G 14 [H]
O p ti o n a l a d d r e s s e s :
H0 tra v e l t o to o l c h a n g e p o in t s im u lta n e o u s ly in all axes
H1 fir s t X axis, th e n Z a x is H2 f ir s t Z axis, th e n X axis

PAL cycles for lathes

G84 Drilling cycle

Stru ctu re of NC block

G 84 Z I/Z A [D] [V] [VB] [DR] [D M ] [R] [DA] [U] [O ] [FR] [E]
O bligatory addresses:
Zl d epth o f hole, in crem ental d epth relative to the c urre nt to o l p os ition
Z A d e p th o f hole , a b s o lu te d e p th
O ptional addresses (se lectio n):
D p e c k in g a m o u n t
( if D is n o t s p e c ifie d , p e c k in g d e p th is
e q u a l t o th e fin a l d r illin g d e p th ) M achining exam p le
V s a fe ty d is ta n c e
VB s a fe ty d is ta n c e to th e h o le b o tto m
DR re d u c tio n v a lu e o f th e p e c k in g a m o u n t
D M m in im u m in fe e d
R re tra c t le v e l/d is ta n c e
D A s p o t- d rillin g d e p th
U d w e ll tim e at h o le b o tto m
O d w e ll t im e s e le c tio n
O 1 in s e c o n d s
A O 2 in r e v o lu tio n s
FR ra p id tra v e l re d u c tio n in %
E s p o t- d rillin g feed

G32 Tapping cycle

S tructure of NC block
M a c h in ­
G32 Z /Z I/Z A F ing
O bligatory addresses: exam p le
Z, Z l, Z A th re a d e n d p o in t in
Z d ire c tio n
I in c re m e n ta l, A a b s o lu te
F p itc h o f th re a d
 Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL cycles for lathes
G31 Thread cycle

S tructure of NC block
G31 Z /Z I/Z A X / X I / X A F D [ZS] [XS]
[DA] [DU] [Q] [O] [H]
O bligatory addresses:
Z, Zl, Z A th re a d e n d p o in t in Z d ire c tio n
Z c o n tr o lle d b y G 90/G 91;
I in c re m e n ta l, A a b s o lu te
X , XI, Zl th re a d e n d p o in t in X d ire c tio n ;
X c o n tr o lle d b y G 90/G 91,
I in c re m e n ta l, A a b s o lu te
F th re a d pitch
D th re a d d e p th
O ptional addresses [..]:
ZS th re a d s ta rtin g p o in t, a b s o lu te in Z
XS th re a d s ta rtin g p o in t, a b s o lu te in X
D A a p p ro a c h
DU o v e rru n
Q n u m b e r o f cuts
O n u m b e r o f id le cycles
H s e le c tio n o f in fe e d ty p e a n d re s id u a l c u ts (RC)
H1 w ith o u t o ffs e t (ra d ia l in feed ), RC OFF
H2 in fe e d at left fla n k , RC OFF
H3 in fe e d at r ig h t fla n k , RC OFF
H4 a lte rn a tin g in fe e d , RC OFF
H 11 w ith o u t o ffs e t (rad ial in feed ), RC ON
H12 in fe e d at left fla n k , RC ON
H13 in fe e d at r ig h t fla n k , RC ON
H14 a lte rn a tin g in fe e d , RC ON
R esidual c u ts ½ , ¼, ⅛ , ⅛ x (D/Q)

G81 Longitudinal rough-turning cycle G82 Rough facing cycle

S tructure of NC block
G81 (or G82) H4 [AK] [AZ] [A X] [AE]
[AS] [A V] [O] [Q] [V] [E]
or
G81 (or G82) D [ H 1 /H 2 /H 3 /H 2 4 ]
O bligatory addresses:
D in feed
O ptional addresses [..]:
H ty p e o f m a c h in in g
H1 ro u g h m a c h in in g , re m o v a l b e lo w 45°
H 2 s te p w is e a n g le -c u ttin g a lo n g th e c o n to u r M achining exam ple: longitu din al rough -m ach ining cycle
H3 like H1 w ith fin a l c o n to u r c u t
H4 c o n to u r fin is h in g
H24 r o u g h - m a c h in in g w ith H2 a n d s u b s e q u e n t
fin is h in g
A K c o n to u r a llo w a n c e p a ra lle l to th e c o n to u r
A Z c o n to u r a llo w a n c e in Z d ire c tio n
A X c o n to u r a llo w a n c e in X d ire c tio n
AE im m e rs io n a n g le (fin a l a n g le o f th e to o l)
A S e m e rg e n c e a n g le (lateral a d ju s tm e n t a n g le o f
to o l)
A V s a fe ty a n g le r e d u c tio n f o r AE a n d AS A
O m a c h in in g s ta rtin g p o in t
O 1: c u rre n t to o l p o s itio n
O 2: c a lcu la te d f r o m c o n to u r
Q id le ste p o p tim iz a tio n
Q 1: o p tim iz a tio n OFF
Q2: o p tim iz a tio n ON
V s a fe ty d ista n c e fo r id le s tep o p tim iz a tio n
G81: in Z d ire c tio n
G82: in X d ire c tio n
E im m e rs io n feed
 Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL cycles for lathes
G86 Radial grooving cycle G 88 Axial grooving cycle

S tructure NC block
G 86 Z / Z I /Z A X / X I / X A ET [EB] [D] [..] (se le ctio n )
G 88 Z / Z I /Z A X / X I / X A ET [EB] [D] [..] (se le ctio n )
O bligatory addresses:
Z, Z l, Z A g r o o v in g p o s itio n in Z d ire c tio n ;
Z c o n tr o lle d b y G 90/G91,
Zl in c re m e n ta l, Z A a b s o lu te
X, XI, X A g r o o v in g p o s itio n in X d ire c tio n ;
X c o n tr o lle d b y G 90/G91,
XI in c re m e n ta l, X A a b s o lu te
ET G 86 a b s o lu te d ia m e te r o f g r o o v in g d e p th
G 88 a b s o lu te g r o o v in g d e p th
O ptional addresses [..]:
EB g r o o v in g w id th and p o s itio n
EB+ g r o o v in g in d ire c tio n Z+ re la tiv e t o th e
p r o g r a m m e d g r o o v in g p o s itio n P
EB– g r o o v in g in d ire c tio n Z– re la tiv e t o th e
p r o g r a m m e d g r o o v in g p o s itio n P
D p ecking a m o u n t (if n o v a lu e is spe c ifie d , the
p ecking d e p th is equ a l t o th e g ro o v e d e p th ET)
A S fla n k a n g le o f g r o o v in g at th e s ta rtin g p o in t
re la tiv e to th e g r o o v in g d ire c tio n (X o r Z)
AE fla n k a n g le o f g r o o v in g at th e e n d p o in t Radial g r o o v in g c y c le w ith G86 A x ia l g r o o v in g c y cle w ith G88
re la tiv e to th e g r o o v in g d ire c tio n (X o r Z)
RO r o u n d in g o r c h a m fe rin g o f u p p e r c o rn e rs
RO+ r o u n d in g
RO– c h a m fe r w id t h
RU r o u n d in g o r c h a m fe rin g o f lo w e r co rn e rs M achining exam ple: radial grooving cycle w ith G86:
R U + r o u n d in g
RU– c h a m fe r w id t h
A K c o n to u r a llo w a n c e p a ra lle l t o th e c o n to u r
A X c o n to u r a llo w a n c e in X d ire c tio n ( c o n to u r offset)
EP s e tp o in t d e fin itio n f o r g r o o v e c u ttin g (p o s itio n P)
EP1: s e tp o in t in u p p e r c o rn e r o f th e g ro o v e
EP2: s e tp o in t in b o tto m c o r n e r o f th e g r o o v e
H ty p e o f p ro c e s s in g
H1 ro u g h in g c u t H14 ro u g h in g a n d fin is h in g
H2 p lu n g e tu rn in g H24 p lu n g e t u r n in g a n d fin is h in g
H4 fin is h in g
DB in fe e d in % o f th e c u ttin g to o l w id t h f o r g r o o v in g
V s a fe ty d is ta n c e a b o v e g ro o v e
E fe e d rate in to s o lid m a te ria l

G85 U n dercut and th read undercut cycle

S tructure of NC block Thread u nde rcuts acc. t o DIN 76 U n d e rc u ts acc. to DIN 509
G 85 Z / Z I /Z A X / X I / X A l/[l] K[K] [RN] [SX] [H] [E]
O bligatory addresses:
Z, Zl, Z A u n d e rc u t p o s itio n in Z d ire c tio n ;
Z c o n tr o lle d b y G 90/G91,
Zl in c re m e n ta l, Z A a b s o lu te
X , XI, X A u n d e rc u t p o s itio n in X d ire c tio n ;
X c o n tr o lle d b y G 90/G 91, M a c h in in g p ro c e s s w i t h DIN 76
X I in c re m e n ta l, X A a b s o lu te
A I u nde rcut d epth; o b lig a to ry param ete r fo r DIN 76 (H1)
K u nde rcut le ngth; o b lig a to ry param eter fo r DIN 76 (H1)
O ptional addresses [..]:
RN c o rn e r ra d iu s
S X g r in d in g a llo w a n c e
E fe e d rate f o r p lu n g in g
H u n d e rc u t s hape
H1 DIN 76 H2 DIN 509 E H3 DIN 509 F F u rth e r in fo r m a tio n o n p. 84 a n d p. 87

G 80 Co m p letion of a contour description in a rough-m achining cycle

S tructure of NC block Optional addresses [..]: Z A a b s o lu te Z -c o o rd in a te o f th e m a c h in in g lim it p a ra lle l t o th e X axis

G80 [Z A ] [X A ] X A a b s o lu te X -c o o rd in a te o f th e m a c h in in g lim it p a ra lle l t o th e Z axis
 Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL functions for milling machines
G -functions

Typ es of interp o la tio n , contours Tool offsets

GO R apid m o tio n G40 Cancel c u tte r c o m p e n s a tio n

G1 Linear in te rp o la tio n w ith feed rate G 41– C u tte r c o m p e n s a tio n left

G42 C u tte r c o m p e n s a tio n r ig h t
G2 C irc u la r in te rp o la tio n , c lo c k w ise

G3 C irc u la r in te rp o la tio n , c o u n te r c lo c k w is e Feeds and speeds

G4 D w e ll tim e G94 Feed in m m p e r m in u te
G9 Exact sto p G95 Feed in m m p e r re v o lu tio n
G10 R apid m o tio n in p o la r c o o rd in a te s C o n s ta n t c u ttin g speed
G96
G11 L inear in te rp o la tio n w ith p o la r c o o rd in a te s G97 C o n s ta n t s p in d le speed
G12 C irc u la r in te rp o la tio n w ith p o la r c o o rd in a te s ,
c lo c k w ise Program features
G13 C irc u la r in te rp o la tio n w ith p o la r c o o rd in a te s ,
G22 C all s u b p ro g ra m
c o u n te r c lo c k w ise
G23 R epeat p r o g ra m sec tio n
G45 Linear ta n g e n tia l a p p ro a c h to a c o n to u r
G29 C o n d itio n a l ju m p s
G46 Linear ta n g e n tia l re tra c tio n fro m a c o n to u r

G47 T a n g e n tia l a p p ro a c h to a c o n to u r in a Fixed cycles

q u a rte r c ircle
G34 S ta rt-u p o f th e c o n to u r p o c k e t c ycle
G48 T a n g e n tia l re tra c tio n fro m a c o n to u r in a
q u a rte r circle G35 R o u g h - m a c h in in g t e c h n o lo g y o f t h e c o n t o u r
p o c k e t c y c le
G61 Linear in te rp o la tio n fo r c o n to u r ro u tin g
G36 R esidual m a te ria l te c h n o lo g y o f th e c o n to u r
G62 C ircu la r in te rp o la tio n fo r c o n to u r ro u tin g ,
p o c k e t cycle
c lo c k w ise
G37 F in ish in g te c h n o lo g y o f th e c o n to u r pocket cycle
G63 C irc u la r in te rp o la tio n f o r c o n to u r ro u tin g ,
c o u n te r c lo c k w is e G38 C o n to u r d e s c rip tio n o f th e c o n to u r p o c k e t cycle

G80 C o m p le tio n o f th e G 38 c ycle

Reference points, ro tatio n , m irro r im ages, scaling Call c o n to u r po ck e t c ycle w ith m a te ria l re m o va l
G39
e ith e r p a ra lle l to th e c o n to u r o r in m e a n d e rs
G50 C a n c e lla tio n o f th e in c re m e n ta l zero p o in t s h ift
and ro ta tio n s G72 R e c ta n g u la r p o c ke t m illin g cycle

G53 C a n c e lla tio n o f all zero p o in t s h ifts and G73 C irc u la r p o c ke t and s p ig o t m illin g cycle
ro ta tio n s
G74 S lo t m illin g cycle
G 54– A d ju s ta b le a b s o lu t zero p o in ts
G75 C irc u la r s lo t m illin g cycle
G57
G81 D rillin g cycle
G58 In cre m e n ta l zero p o in t s h ift, p o la r a nd
ro ta tio n G82 D eep d r illin g cycle w ith pecking

G59 In cre m e n ta l C a rtesian zero p o in t s h ift and G83 Deep drilling cycle w ith pecking and full retraction
ro ta tio n
G84 T a p p in g cycle
G66 M ir ro r im a g e across th e X o r Y axis,
G85 R e a m in g cycle
m ir ro r im a g e o ff
G86 B o rin g cycle
G67 Sc a lin g (e n la rg in g o r re d u c in g o r ca n c e lla tio n )
A
G87 Plunge m illin g cycle
Plane selection, dim ensions G88 In te rn a l th re a d m illin g cycle

G 17– Plane se le c tio n , 2 ½ D p ro c e s s in g G89 E xternal th re a d m illin g cycle

G19
G76 M u ltip le cycle call on a straight line (line o f holes)
G70 S e ttin g in p u t to in ch u nits
G77 M u ltip le cycle call o n a p itc h c irc le (lin e o f holes)
G71 S e ttin g in p u t to m e tric u n its (m m )
G78 Cycle call a t a p a rtic u la r p o in t (p o la r coord in a te s )
G90 In p u t o f a b s o lu te d im e n s io n s
G79 Cycle call at a p a rtic u la r p o in t (Cartesian
G91 In p u t o f in c re m e n ta l d im e n s io n s c o o rd in a te s )
 Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL cycles for milling machines
G1 Linear interpolation w ith feed rate

Structure of NC block
G1 [ X /X I/X A ] [Y /Y I/Y A ] [Z /Z I/Z A ] [D] [ A S ] .. (selection) M achining exam p le

O bligatory addresses:
X , XI, X A X c o o rd in a te o f th e ta rg e t p o in t
Y, Y l, Y A Y c o o rd in a te o f th e ta rg e t p o in t
Z, Zl, Z A Z c o o rd in a te o f th e ta rg e t p o in t
O ptional addresses [..]:
D le n g th o f tra v e l d ista n c e
A S asc e n t a n g le re la tiv e t o th e X ax is
RN tra n s itio n e le m e n t t o th e n e x t c o n to u r e le m e n t
RN+ ro u n d in g ra d iu s RN– c h a m fe r w id th
H s e le c tio n a m o n g t w o s o lu tio n s v ia a n g le c rite rio n
H1 s m a ll as c e n t a n g le H2 g re a te r ascent a n g le
TC s e le ctio n o f th e o ffs e t m e m o r y n u m b e r N10 ...
TR in c re m e n ta l c h a n g e o f th e to o l r a d iu s v a lu e N 1 5 G1 X 7 4 Y 1 6 RN-12 ;P2
TL in c re m e n ta l c h a n g e o f th e to o l le n g th o ffs e t N20 G1 D65 AS120 RN+14 ;P3

G11 Linear interpolation w ith polar coordinates

Structure of NC block
M achining exam p le
G11 RP A P /A I [J/J A ] [Z /Z I/Z A ] [ R N ] .. (Ausw ahl)
O bligatory addresses:
RP p o la r ra d iu s
A P p o la r a n g le re la tiv e to th e p o s itiv e X axis
Al in c re m e n ta l p o la r ang le
O ptional addresses [..]:
I, IA X c o o rd in a te o f th e p o la r ce n te r
J , JA Y c o o rd in a te o f th e p o la r c e n te r
Z, Zl, Z A in fe e d in Z d ire c tio n
RN tra n s itio n t o th e n e x t c o n to u r e le m e n t N 15 G42 G47 R20 X30 Y0 Z-3 ;P2
RN+ r o u n d in g ra d iu s RN– c h a m fe r w id th N20 G 11 IA 0 J A 0 RP30 AP90 ;P3
TC s e le ctio n o f th e o ffs e t m e m o r y n u m b e r N25 G 11 IA0 J A 0 RP30 AP180 ;P4
TR in c re m e n ta l c h a n g e o f th e to o l ra d iu s v a lu e N30 G 11 IA0 J A 0 RP30 AP270 ;P5
T L in c re m e n ta l ch a n g e o f th e to o l le n g th o ffs e t N35 G 11 IA0 J A 0 RP30 AP0 ;P2

G 2 /G 3 Circular interpolation w ith Cartesian coordinates

Structure of NC block M achining exa m p le

G 2 [ X /X I/X A ] [Y /Y I/Y A ] [Z /Z I/Z A ] ((l/IA [J/J A ]) /
([l/IA ] J /J A ) / R / AO [RN] [O] [F] [S] [M ]
G3 [ X / X I / X A ] .... ....
O ptional addresses [...]:
X , XI, X A X c o o rd in a te o f th e ta rg e t p o in t
Y, Y l, Y A Y c o o rd in a te o f th e ta rg e t p o in t
Z, Zl, Z A Z c o o rd in a te o f th e ta rg e t p o in t
I, IA, J, J A c e n te r p o in t c o o rd in a te s
R ra d iu s o f a rc and
s e le c tio n o f s o lu tio n v ia arc le n g th c rite rio n
R+ s h o rte r arc R– lo n g e r arc
A O a p e rtu re a ngle
RN tra n s itio n e le m e n t
N 1 0 ...
RN+ ro u n d in g ra d iu s RN– c h a m fe r w id t h
N 1 5 G1 X 3 8 Y70 RN+15 ;P2
O s e le c tio n o f s o lu tio n v ia arc le n g th c rite rio n
N20 G3 XA80 R30 A 0 1 3 5 RN-8 0 2 ;P3
O 1 s h o rte r arc O 2 lo n g e r arc
A
G 1 2 /G 1 3 Circular interp olation w ith polar coordinates

S tructure of NC block
M achining
G 12 A P /A I [l/IA ] [J /J A ] [Z /Z I/Z A ] [RN] [F] [S] [M ]
exa m p le
G 13 A P /A I [l/IA ] [J /J A ] [Z /Z I/Z A ] [RN] [F] [S] [M ]
O bligatory addresses:
AP p o la r a n g le o f ta rg e t p o in t
Al in c re m e n ta l p o la r ang le
O ptional addresses [...]:
I, IA X c o o r d in a te o f p o la r c e n te r
N 1 5 G 1 X 6 0 Y15 ;P2
J , J A Y c o o rd in a te o f th e p o la r ce n te r
N 2 0 G12 IA45 JA45 AP50 ;P3
RN+ r o u n d in g ra d iu s RN– c h a m fe r w id th
 Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL functions for milling machines
G 45 Linear tan g en tial approach to th e contour G 46 Linear tan g en tial retraction fro m th e contour

S tructure of NC block M achining exam p le

G 4 1 /G 4 2 G 45 D [ X /X I/X A ] [ Y /Y I/Y A ] [Z /Z I/Z A ]
[W ] [E] [F] [S] [M ]
G 4 6 G 4 0 D [Z /Z I/Z A ] [W ] [F] [S] [M ]
O bligatory addresses:
w ith G45: D d is ta n ce to th e fir s t c o n to u r p o in t,
u n s ig n e d
w ith G46: D le n g th o f th e re tra c tin g m o tio n ,
u n s ig n e d
O ptional addresses [..]:
X , XI, X A X c o o rd in a te o f th e fir s t c o n to u r p o in t
Y, Y l, Y A Y c o o rd in a te o f th e f ir s t c o n to u r p o in t N 1 0 ...
Z, Zl, Z A w ith G45: in fe e d at a p p ro a c h p o in t in th e Z axis N 1 5 G 4 2 G 4 5 X 0 Y 8 D13 ;P1
w ith G46: re tra c tin g m o tio n at th e end p o in t N 2 0 G 1 X50 ;P2
in th e Z axis N 2 5 G 1 Y 4 0 AS80 ;P3
W a b s o lu te p o s itio n in fa s t m o tio n in th e in fe e d axis N30 G40 G46 D13 ;P4
E feed rate f o r p lu n g in g

G47 Tangential approach to the contour in a quarter circle G48 Tangential retraction from the contour in a quarter circle

Structure of NC block M achining

G 4 1 /G 4 2 G47 R [ X /X I/X A ] [Y /Y I/Y A ] [Z /Z I/Z A ] exam p le
(W] [E] [F] [S] [M ]
G 4 8 G 40 R [Z /Z I/Z A ] [W ] [F] [S] [M ]
O bligatory addresses:
w ith G47: R radius o f th e approach m o tio n relative
to the c enter path o f th e cutter
w ith G48: R radius o f th e retracting m o tio n relative
to the center path o f th e cutter
O ptional addresses [..]: N10 ...
X, X I, X A X c o o rd in a te o f th e fir s t c o n to u r p o in t N 1 5 G 4 2 G 4 7 X 0 Y 8 R13 ;P1
Y, Y l, Y A Y c o o rd in a te o f th e f ir s t c o n to u r p o in t N20 G1 X50 ;P2
Z, Zl, Z A in fe e d at th e a p p ro a c h p o in t in th e Z axis N 2 5 G 1 Y 4 0 AS80 ;P3
W a b s o lu te p o s itio n in fa s t m o tio n in th e in fe e d axis N30 G40 G48 R13 ;P4
E fe e d rate f o r p lu n g in g
G54–G57 Adjustable absolute zero p o int shift

Structure of NC block
G 54 o r G 55 o r G 56 o r G57
Explanatory notes:
Th e w o rk p ie c e zero p o in t W is d e te rm in e d b y th e
c o m m a n d s G 54 t o G57 and has a d e fin e d d is ta n c e to
th e m a c h in e zero p o in t. T h e o p e ra to r e n te rs th e sh ift
v a lu e s in to th e zero p o in t re g is te r o f th e c o n tro lle r
b e fo re s ta rtin g th e p ro g ra m . T h e zero p o in t is a lw a y s N 1 0 ...
s p e c ifie d in a b s o lu te c o o rd in a te s (X A , Y A , ZA ) re la ­ N 1 5 G54 ;W
tiv e to th e m a c h in e zero p o in t. N20

G59 Increm ental zero point shift and rotation

Structure of NC block
G 59 [XA] [YA] [ZA] [AR]
O ptional addresses [..]:
X A a b s o lu te X c o o rd in a te o f th e n e w w o rk p ie c e zero p o in t
A
Y A a b s o lu te Y c o o rd in a te o f th e n e w w o rk p ie c e zero p o in t
Z A a b s o lu te Z c o o rd in a te o f th e n e w w o rk p ie c e zero p o in t
AR a n g le o f ro ta tio n o f th e n e w c o o rd in a te s ys te m re la tiv e
to th e X axis
E xplanatory notes:
If th e c o o rd in a te s y s te m o f th e w o rk p ie c e is ro ta te d in
its c u rre n t p o s itio n , o n ly th e a n g le o f ro ta tio n is s p e cifie d :
N . . . G 59 A R – N10 ..
T h e zero p o in t s h ift la u n c h e d v ia G54...G57 is reset by: N 1 5 G54 ;W1
N . . . G50 N20 G59 X20 Y40 Z30 AR45 ;W2
 Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL cycles for milling machines
G81 Drilling cycle

S tructure of NC block
M ach in in g exa m p le
G81 Z I/Z A V [W ] [F] [S] [M ]
O bligatory addresses:
Zl d e p th o f b o re in th e fe e d axis
ZA a b s o lu te d e p th o f b o re re la tiv e t o th e
c o o rd in a te s y s te m o f th e w o rk p ie c e
V s a fe ty d is ta n c e fr o m th e to p e d g e o f
th e h o le
N 1 0 ...
O ptional addresses
N 1 5 G81 ZI-18 V6 W16
W re tra c t le vel re la tiv e to th e c o o rd in a te
N 2 0 G 7 9 X.. Y.. Z.. ;cycle call
s y s te m o f th e w o rk p ie c e

G82 Deep drilling cycle w ith pecking G83 Deep drilling cycle w ith pecking and full retraction
Structure of NC block G83 has th e f o llo w in g fea tu re s:
G 82 Z I/Z A D V [W ] [VB] [DR] [DM ] - t h e s a m e a ddres s es as G82
[U] [O] [DA] [E] [F] [S] [M ] - re tra c ts to th e s a fe ty d is ta n c e V f o r c h ip re m o v a l
G83 Z I/Z A D V [W ] [VB] [DR] [DM ] and in a d d itio n
[U] [O] [DA] [E] [FR] [F] [S] [M ] FR ra p id m o tio n r e d u c tio n in %
O bligatory addresses:
Z I/Z A d e p th o f b o re in th e fe e d axis
Zl increm ental depth fro m th e to p e dge o f the hole
Z A a b s o lu te d e p th in w o rk p ie c e c o o rd in a te s
D p e c k in g a m o u n t M ach in in g exam p le
V s a fe ty d is ta n c e a b o v e th e to p e d g e o f th e hole
O ptional addresses [..]:
W re tra c t le vel re la tiv e to th e c o o rd in a te
s y s te m o f th e w o rk p ie c e
VB re tra c t d is ta n c e t o th e c u rre n t h o le b o tto m
DR r e d u c tio n v a lu e o f th e la s t p e c k in g a m o u n t
D M m in im u m p e ck in g a m o u n t (u n s ig n e d )
U dw ell tim e at hole botto m (relative to pecking)
O u n it o f th e d w e ll t im e
O 1 d w e ll t im e in se c o n d s N10 ...
O 2 d w e ll t im e in n u m b e r o f re v o lu tio n s
N15 G82 ZI-30 D10 V3 W 4 VB1.5 DR3 U1 01 DA6
D A in c re m e n ta l s p o t- d rillin g d e p th o f th e fir s t in fe e d
N20 G79 X.. Y.. Z.. ;cycle call
E s p o t- d rillin g fe e d rate

G84 Tap pin g cycle

S tr u c tu r e o f NC b lo c k M achining
G 8 4 Z I/Z A F M V [W ] [S ] exam p le
O bligatory addresses:
Zl incremental depth fro m the to p edge of the hole
Z A a b s o lu te d e p th in w o rk p ie c e c o o rd in a te s
F th re a d p itc h
M d ire c tio n o f t o o l ro ta tio n fo r p lu n g in g
M 3 rig h t-h a n d th re a d M 4 le ft-h a n d th re a d
V s a fe ty d is ta n c e t o th e t o p e d g e o f th e ho le
N 1 0 ...
O ptional addresses
N15 G84 ZI-12 F1.25 M3 V4 W 7 S800
W re tra c t le vel re la tiv e t o th e c o o rd in a te
N20 G79 X.. Y.. Z.. ;cycle call
s y s te m o f th e w o rk p ie c e

G 85 Ream ing cycle

A Structure of NC block M achining
G 85 Z I/Z A [W ] [E] [F] [S] [M ] exam p le
O bligatory addresses:
Z I/Z A d r illin g d e p th in th e in fe e d axis
Zl in c re m e n ta l d e p th fro m th e to p e d g e o f th e hole
Z A a b s o lu te d e p th in w o rk p ie c e c o o rd in a te s
V safe ty d istance fro m the to p edge o f the hole
O ptional addresses [..]:
W re tra c t le v e l re la tiv e to th e c o o rd in a te
N10 ...
s y s te m o f th e w o rk p ie c e
N 1 5 G85 ZI-17 V3 W 8 E260
E fe e d sp eed o f th e re tra c tin g m o tio n
G 7 9 X.. Y.. Z.. ;cycle call
 Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL cycles for milling machines
G 86 Boring cycle

Structure of NC block M achining exam p le

G 86 Z I/Z A V [W ] [DR] [F] [S] [M ]
O bligatory addresses:
Z I/Z A d e p th to be b o re d o u t
Zl d e p th o f b o re in th e in fe e d axis
ZA a b s o lu te d e p th o f b o re re la tiv e t o th e c o o rd in a te
sy s te m o f th e w o rk p ie c e
V s afety d is ta n ce f ro m th e t o p edge o f th e hole
O ptional addresses [..]: N10 ...
W re tra c t le vel re la tiv e to th e c o o rd in a te s y s te m N 1 5 G 8 6 Z I-9 V2 W10 DR2
o f th e w o rk p ie c e N 2 0 G 7 9 X.. Y.. Z,. ;cycle call
DR radia l re tra c t d is ta n c e to th e c o n to u r

G87 Plunge m illing cycle

Structure of NC block M achining exam p le

G87 Z I/Z A R D V [W ] [BG] [F] [S] [M ]
O bligatory addresses:
Z I/Z A d e p th o f h o le to be b o re d o u t
Zl in c re m e n ta l d e p th fr o m th e to p edge
ZA a b s o lu te d e p th o f b o re re la tiv e to th e
c o o rd in a te s y s te m o f th e w o rk p ie c e
R ra d iu s o f th e h o le to be m ille d o u t
D in fe e d p e r he lic a l lin e
(p itc h o f th e h elic al m o tio n )
V safety distance fro m the to p edge o f the hole
O ptional addresses [..]:
W re tra c t le vel re la tiv e to th e c o o rd in a te N10 ...
s y s te m o f th e w o rk p ie c e N15 G87 ZI-8,5 R10.92 D3 V3 W 13 D3 BG2
BG2 m a c h in in g , c lo c k w is e N 2 0 G 7 9 X.. Y.. Z.. ;cycle call
BG3 m a c h in in g , c o u n te r c lo c k w is e

G88 Internal th read m illing cycle

Structure of NC block M achining exam p le

G88 Z I/Z A D N D Q V [W ] [BG] [F] [S] [M ]
O bligatory addresses:
ZI/Z A d e p th o f th re a d
Zl in c re m e n ta l d e p th o f th re a d fr o m th e to p edge
ZA a b s o lu te d e p th o f th re a d re la tiv e t o th e
c o o rd in a te s y s te m o f th e w o rk p ie c e
DN n o m in a l d ia m e te r o f th e in te rn a l th re a d
D th re a d p itch
Q n u m b e r o f th re a d g ro o v e s o f th e to o l
V safety distance fro m th e to p edge o f th e hole
O ptional addresses [..]:
W re tra c t le vel re la tiv e t o th e N10 ...
c o o rd in a te s y s te m o f th e w o rk p ie c e N15 G88 ZA-16 DN24 D2 Q7 V1.5 W10 BG3 F..
BG2 m a c h in in g , c lo c k w is e N20 G79 X.. Y.. Z.. ;cycle call
BG3 m a c h in in g , c o u n te r c lo c k w is e

G89 External thread m illing cycle

S tructure of NC block M achining exam p le

G 89 Z I/Z A D N D Q V [W ] (BG] [F] [S] [M ] A
O bligatory addresses:
Zl in c re m e n ta l d e p th o f th re a d fr o m th e t o p edge
ZA a b s o lu te d e p th o f th re a d re la tiv e to the
c o o rd in a te s y s te m o f th e w o rk p ie c e
DN n o m in a l d ia m e te r o f th e e x te rn a l th re a d
D th re a d p itch
Q n u m b e r o f th re a d g r o o v e s o f th e to o l
V s a fe ty d is ta n c e to th e to p e d g e o f th e h o le
O ptional addresses [..]: N10 ...
W re tra ct level N15 G89 ZI-8 DN18.16 D1.5 Q7 V5 W 13 BG3 F..
BG2 m a c h in in g , c lo c k w is e N 2 0 G 7 9 X.. Y.. Z.. ;cycle call
BG 3 m a c h in in g , c o u n te r c lo c k w is e
 Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL cycles for milling machines
G72 Rectangular pocket m illing cycle

Structure of NC block
G 72 Z I/Z A LP BP D V [W ] [RN] [AK] [AL] [EP] M ach in in g exam p le
[DB] [RH] [DH] [ 0 ] [Q] [H] [E] [F] [S] [M ]
O bligatory addresses:
Z I/Z A d e p th o f th e c irc u la r p o ck e t in th e in fe e d axis
Zl in c re m e n ta l fr o m th e t o p e d g e o f th e pocket
ZA absolute, relative to th e c o o rd in a te system o f
th e w o rk piece
LP le n g th o f th e re c ta n g u la r p o c k e t in X d ire c tio n
BP w id t h o f th e re c ta n g u la r p o c ke t in Y d ire c tio n
D m a x im u m d e p th o f c u t
V s a fe ty d is ta n c e to th e m a te ria l surfa c e
O ptional addresses [..]:
AK p o c k e t w a ll fin is h a llo w a n c e
AL p o c k e t b o tto m fin is h a llo w a n c e
RN c o rn e r ra d iu s
EP0 EP1, EP2, EP3 d e fin itio n o f th e s e tp o in t at c y c le call
W re tra c t le vel, in fa s t m o tio n
H ty p e o f m a c h in in g
H1 ro u g h m a c h in in g H4 fin is h in g
H2 face r o u g h in g o f th e re c ta n g u la r surfa ce
N15 G72 ZA-9 LP47 BP24 D4 V3 AK0.4 AL0.5 W 8
H14 r o u g h -m a c h in in g and fin is h in g w ith th e s a m e to o l
N20 G79 X40 Y36 ;cycle call fo r G72
E fe e d rate f o r p lu n g in g

G73 Circular pocket and spigot m illing cycle

Structure of NC block M achining exam p le

G 73 Z I/Z A R D V [W ] [RZ] [AK] [AL] [DB]
[RH] [DH] [O] [Q] [H] [E] [F] [S] [M ]
O bligatory addresses:
Z I/Z A d e p th o f c irc u la r p o c k e t in th e fe e d axis
Zl in c re m e n ta l fro m th e to p e d g e o f th e pocket
ZA a b s o lu te , re la tiv e t o th e c o o rd in a te s y s te m
o f th e w o rk p ie c e
D m a x im u m d e p th o f c u t
V s a fe ty d is ta n c e to th e m a te ria l surfa c e
O ptional addresses [..]:
RZ ra d iu s o f th e o p tio n a l s p ig o t
AK p o c k e t w a ll fin is h a llo w a n c e
AL p o c k e t b o tto m fin is h a llo w a n c e
DB c u tte r p a th o v e rla p in %
W re tra c t le vel, in fa s t m o tio n
H – E a s w i t h G72
N15 G73 ZA-15 R20 D4 V2 AK0.4 AL0.5 W 5
N20 G79 X46 Y27 ;cycle call fo r G73

G 74 Slot m illing cycle (longitudinal slot)

S tr u c tu r e o f N C b lo c k M achining
G 74 Z I/Z A LP BP D V [W ] [A K ] [A L ] [EP] exam p le
[O ] [Q ] [H ] [E] [F] [S] [M ]
O b lig a to ry addresses:
ZI/Z A d e p th o f th e s lo t in th e in fe e d axis
Zl in c re m e n ta l fr o m th e t o p e d g e o f th e s lo t
A ZA a b s o lu te , re la tiv e to th e c o o rd in a te s y s te m o f
th e w o rk p ie c e
LP s lo t le n g th BP s lo t w id th
D m axim um depth o f cut V safe ty d istance
O p tio n a l a d d re ss e s
W re tra c t level
AK p o c k e t w a ll fin is h a llo w a n c e
AL p o c k e t b o tto m fin is h a llo w a n c e
EP0, EP1, EP2, EP3 d e fin itio n o f th e s e tp o in t a t c ycle call
O in fe e d m o tio n
0 1 v e rtic a l to o l im m e rs io n
N15 G74 ZA-15 LP50 BP22 D3 V2 ;definition of longitudinal slot via G74
0 2 r a m p in g to o l im m e rs io n
N20 G79 X... Y... ;cycle call at a particular point via G79
H – E a s w i t h G72
 Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL cycles for milling machines
G 75 S lot m illing cycle (arc)

S tructure of NC block
G 75 Z I/Z A BP RP A N /A O A O /A P D V (W] (AK] (AL]
[EP] [O] [Q] [H] [E] [F] [S] [M ]
O bligatory addresses:
Z I/Z A s lo t d e p th
Zl in c re m e n ta l fr o m th e t o p e d g e o f th e slo t
Z A a b s o lu te d e p th
BP s lo t w id th
RP s lo t ra d iu s
A N p o la r s ta rt a n g le re la tiv e to th e p o s itiv e X ax is and th e
c e n te r p o in t o f th e s lo t's fir s t end ra d iu s
A O p o la r a p e rtu re an g le b e tw e e n th e c e n te r p o in ts o f th e s lo t's
e nd radii
AP p o la r fin a l a n g le re la tiv e to th e p o s itiv e X axis and th e
c e n te r p o in t o f th e s lo t's s e c o n d e n d ra d iu s
(o n ly 2 o f th e 3 p o la r a n g le s need to be d e fin e d ) M achining exam ple
D m a x im u m d e p th o f c u t
V s a fe ty d ista n c e
O ptional addresses
EP d e fin itio n o f th e c a llin g p o in t f o r th e s lo t c ycle
EP0 c e n te r o f th e c irc u la r s lo t
EP1 c e n te r o f th e r ig h t o r t o p s e m ic irc le at th e rear end
EP3 c e n te r o f th e le ft o r b o tto m s e m ic irc le at th e rear end
W re tra c t level, in fa s t m o tio n
A K s lo t w a ll fin is h a llo w a n c e
A L s lo t b o tto m fin is h a llo w a n c e
Q d ire c tio n o f m o tio n
Q1 c lim b m illin g
Q2 c o n v e n tio n a l m illin g
H ty p e o f m a c h in in g
H1 ro u g h m a c h in in g
H4 fin is h in g N15 G75 ZA-15 BP12 RP80 AN70 A O 120 AK0.3 AL0.5 EP3 D5 V3 W 6
H 14 ro u g h m a c h in in g and fin is h in g N20 G79 X64 Y30 ;cycle call fo r G75 at EP3
E fe e d rate f o r p lu n g in g ______________
G 76 Cycle call on a straig ht line (hole line)

Structure of NC block
G 76 [ X /X I/X A ] [Y /Y I/Y A ] [Z /Z I/Z A ] AS D O [AR] [W ] [H]
O bligatory addresses:
A S a n g le o f th e s tra ig h t lin e re la tiv e to th e fir s t g e o m e try axis
+ c o u n te r c lo c k w is e
- c lo c k w is e
D s p a c in g o f th e c ycle c alls o n th e lin e
O n u m b e r o f c ycle ca lls o n th e line
O ptional addresses [..]:
X, XI, X A X c o o rd in a te o f th e fir s t p o in t
X a b s o lu te o r in c re m e n ta l X c o o rd in a te (G90, G91)
XI d iffe re n c e in c o o rd in a te s b e tw e e n th e c u rre n t to o l
M achining exam p le
p o s itio n a n d th e f ir s t p o in t o n th e line
X A a b s o lu te c o o rd in a te in p u t o f th e s ta rtin g p o in t
Y, Y l, Y A Y c o o rd in a te o f th e fir s t p o in t
Y a b s o lu te o r in c re m e n ta l Y c o o rd in a te (G90, G91)
Yl d iffe re n c e in c o o rd in a te s b e tw e e n th e c u rre n t to o l
p o s itio n and th e fir s t p o in t o n th e lin e A
Y A a b s o lu te c o o rd in a te in p u t o f th e s ta rtin g p o in t
Z, Zl, Z A Z c o o rd in a te o f th e fir s t p o in t
Z a b s o lu te o r in c re m e n ta l Z c o o rd in a te (G90, G91)
Zl d iffe re n c e in c o o rd in a te s b e tw e e n th e c u rre n t to o l
p o s itio n and th e fir s t p o in t on th e lin e
Z A a b s o lu te c o o rd in a te in p u t o f th e s ta rtin g p o in t
AR an g le o f ro ta tio n re la tiv e to th e p o s itiv e X axis N15 G74 ZA-5 LP34 BP20 .... ;d efinition o f longitudinal slot with
W re tra c t level, a b s o lu te G74 N20 G76 X126 Y18 Z0 AR120 D42 O3 AS150 ;cycle call
H re v e rs in g p o s itio n
H1 t o o l tra v e ls t o s a fe ty d is ta n c e b e tw e e n t w o p o s itio n s and to
th e re tra c t le vel a fte r th e la s t p o s itio n
H2 to o l tra v e ls to th e re tra c t level b e tw e e n t w o p o s itio n s
 Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL cycles for milling machines
G77 Cycle call on a pitch circle (hole circle)

Structure of NC block
G77 [l/IA ] [J /J A ] [Z /Z I/Z A ] R A N /A I A I/A P O [AR] [W ] [H] [FP]
O bligatory addresses:
R ra d iu s o f p itc h c irc le
A N p o la r a n g le o f fir s t o b je c t
Al c o n s ta n t s e g m e n t a n gle
A P p o la r a n g le o f last o b je c t
O n u m b e r o f o b je c ts on th e p itc h circle
O ptional addresses [..]:
I difference in X coordinate s betw een th e circle center a nd the
startin g p o in t
IA a b s o lu te X c o o rd in a te o f th e c irc le c e n te r
J difference in Y coordinate s betw een th e circle center a nd the M ach in in g exa m p le
startin g p o in t
J A a b s o lu te Y c o o rd in a te o f th e c irc le c e n te r
Z a b s o lu te o r in c re m e n ta l in p u t v ia G90/G91
Zl diffe re n c e in Z c o o rd in a te s b etw ee n the c u rre n t to o l p o s itio n
and th e pitch circ le c enter
Z A a b s o lu te c o o rd in a te o f th e ta rg e t p o in t
AR a n g le o f ro ta tio n in d ire c tio n o f th e p o s itiv e f ir s t g e o m e try axis
Q o r ie n ta tio n o f th e o b je c t to be processed
Q1 fo rc e d ro ta tio n o f th e o b je c t Q2 fix e d o r ie n ta tio n o f th e o b je c t
W re tra c t le vel, a b s o lu te
H re tra c tin g m o tio n
H1 th e to o l tra v e ls t o th e s a fe ty d is ta n c e V a fte r c o m p le tio n
o f th e m a c h in in g process
H2 th e to o l tra v e ls to th e re tra c t level W
a fte r c o m p le tio n o f th e m a c h in in g process
H3 like H1, b u t th e t o o l tra v e ls to th e n e x t p o s itio n
on th e p itc h arc N15 G74 ZA-5 LP34 BP20 .... ;lo n g itu d in a l slot w ith G74
FP p o s itio n in g feed in G 94 o n th e p itc h arc N20 G77 R40 AN-65 AI60 AR40 0 5 IA80 JA60 ;cycle call
at H3

G 78 Cycle call at a particular point (w ith polar coordinates)

S tructure of NC block
M ach in in g exam p le
G 78 [l/IA ] [J/J A ] RP AP [Z /Z I/Z A ] [AR] [W ]
O bligatory addresses:
I, IA X c o o rd in a te o f th e c e n te r o f ro ta tio n
J, J A Y c o o rd in a te o f th e c e n te r o f r o ta tio n
RP ra d iu s o f th e ro ta tio n circle
A P a n g le o f ro ta tio n re la tiv e t o th e X axis
O ptional addresses [..]:
Z, Zl, Z A Z c o o rd in a te o f th e t o p edge
AR a n g le o f ro ta tio n o f th e o b je c t
re la tiv e to th e X axis
W re tra c t level N15 G72 ZA.. LP.. BR.. ;rectangular pocket w ith G72
N20 G78 IA45 JA2 RP50 AP60 AR135 ;cycle call G78

G 79 Cycle call at a particular point (w ith Cartesian coordinates)

S tructure of NC block
G 79 [ X /X I/X A ] [Y /Y I/Y A ] [Z /Z I/Z A ] [AR] [W ] M a c h in in g exa m p le
A
O ptional addresses [..]:
X, XI, X A X c o o rd in a te o f th e fir s t p o in t
Y, Y l, Y A Y c o o rd in a te o f th e f ir s t p o in t
Z, Zl, Z A Z c o o rd in a te o f th e f ir s t p o in t
AR a n g le o f ro ta tio n o f th e o b je c t re la tiv e
to th e X axis
W re tra c t le vel, absolute in w o rkpiece
c oordinate s

N15 G72 ZA.. LP.. BP.. ;r ectangular pocket with G72

N20 G79 XA55 YA40 AR-45 ;cycle call G79