ASIA PACIFIC UNIVERSITY

TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION

EE001-3-1 ANALYSIS OF CIRCUITS

LABORATORY REPORT

TITLE TWO PORT NETWORK ANALYSIS

NAME & STUDENT ID

INTAKE

LECTURER

DATE

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 Content

CHAPTER 1: Introduction..........................................................................................................1
1.1 Theoretical concept..................................................................................................1
1.2 Objective..................................................................................................................2
1.3 Tools.........................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 2: Procedure.............................................................................................................2
1.1T-Network Verification (z-parameter)...................................................................2
1.2 π -Network Verification (y-parameter).................................................................4
CHPTER 4: Design Development and Analysis.........................................................................5
Discussion...................................................................................................................................7
Conclusions.................................................................................................................................8
Reference....................................................................................................................................8
Appendices.................................................................................................................................9

Table of figure
Figure 1:(two-port network).............................................................................................1
Figure 2:(the constricted of T-Network (z parameter) circuit 1).....................................3
Figure 3: :(the constricted of T-Network (z parameter) circuit 2)...................................3
Figure 4: (π-Network Verification (y-parameter) Circuit 1)............................................4
Figure 5:(Figure 4: π-Network Verification (y-parameter) Circuit 2).............................4

List of tables
Table 1:(T-Network Verification Result).........................................................................5
Table 2:(π-Network Verification Result).........................................................................5
Table 3:( Parameters Calculation)....................................................................................6

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction

1.1 Theoretical concept.

The concept for two port networks is a type of network that has four terminal or four
quadrupoles, a device that have two pairs of terminals that connect to external circuit.
Therefor, two of these terminals constitute a port and the other two represent the voltage
across these terminals.
The model of using two-port network is used mathematical circuit analysis methods
isolate large circuit from portions. Hence, two port networks are considered as a black box
which display by a matrix of number. In addition, common models that are used in two-
port network are referred to as z-parameters, y-parameters, h-parameters, g-parameters,
and ABCD-parameters. Furthermore, the four ports are shown as:
1- V1, voltage across port 1.
2- I1, current across port 1.
3- V2, voltage across port 2.
4- I2, current across port 2.
For instance, of the circuit that analyses as two-port network is filters, matching
networks, transmission lines, transformers, and small-signal models for transistors (such as
the hybrid-pi model).
The equations that explains two-port network,
{E 1=Z 11 I i+ Z 12 I o }
{E 2=Z 21 I i + Z22 I o }
{I 1=¿Y 11 Ei +Y 12 Eo }¿

{I 2=Y 21 E i+ Y 22 E0 }
The figure one is explains how the current and the voltage can connect to the black box.

Source: (Munn, 1994) Figure 1:(two-port network).

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Based on the understanding Z and Y its summaries as,

1- Z-parameter describe how can calculate the behavior of any linear electrical
network that can regarded as a black box with several ports. A port in this context
is a pair of electrical terminals carrying equal and opposite currents into and out of
the network and having a voltage between them.

2- The Y-matrix gives no information about the behavior of the network when the
currents at any port are not balanced in this way (should this be possible), nor does
it give any information about the voltage between terminals not belonging to the
same port. Typically, it is intended that each external connection to the network is
between the terminals of just one port, so that these limitations are appropriate.
Source: (Munn, 1994).

1.2 Objective.

Searching in the concept of two-port network how it is work, how the measurement
confirms the calculation for results of the theoretical, and how two-port network is proving
the results of the measurement which it can find it by the calculate values theoretically.

1.3 Tools.

These components were used in the measuring process:

1- Digital Multimeter (sanwa-CD770).

2- Breadboard.

3- Power supply Training Kit (Model-ETS-7000).

4- Wires.

5- Various resisters 1KΩ, 2KΩ and 3KΩ.

CHAPTER 2: Procedure
in this section, the experiment will explain the ways that was followed in the
laboratory.

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1.1 T-Network Verification (z-parameter).

The first experiment shows how to find ( z-parameter11) from the current (1) and the
voltage output in the circuit as it shown in Figure 2:

Figure 2:(the constricted of T-Network (z parameter) circuit 1).

1- T-Network was constructed as shown in Figure 2.

2- The power supply was set to 5v to calculate the value of I 1 and E2, which the current
is start flowing from the left which is from the power supply which is shown in
Fieger 2.
3- The value of I1 and Eo were record and displayed in the Table 1.
4- The experiment was repeated to find out the I1 and E2 when the power supply set on
10v and 15v which are shown in Table 1.

The second experiment explains how to find (z-parameter12) from the ways
that followed to find I2 and E1.

Figure 3: :(the constricted of T-Network (z parameter) circuit 2).

1- T-Network was constructed as shown in Figure 3.

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 2- In this figure 3, the power supply was adjusted to 5v to discover the value of I2
and E1, which the current is start flowing that is from the right from the power
supply which is shown in figure 3.
3- The value that calculated E1 and I2 represent in Table 1.
4- The power supply was set again in 10v and 15v to calculate the values of I 2 and
E1 which are shown in Table 1.

1.2 π-Network Verification (y-parameter).

The third experiment is display how it can find (y-parameter) from calculate the
value of I1 and I2 as it shown in figure 4.

Figure 4: (π-Network Verification (y-parameter) Circuit 1).

1- π -Network was constructed as shown in Figure 3.

2- The values of I1 and I2 which is flowing in the circuit as it shown in figure 4 and
Table 3 from the power supply that set to 5v.
3- I1 and I2 was calculated and shown in Table 2.
4- The values of I1 and I2 was calculated when the power supply was adjusted to
10v and 15v which is shown in Table 2.

The fourth experiment illustrate how to find (y-parameter) from finding the value
of I1 and I2 as it shown in Figure 5.

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 Figure 5:(Figure 4: π-Network Verification (y-parameter) Circuit 2).

1- The π -Network was constructed as shown in Figure 5.

2- The power supply was set in 5v to find I1 and I2.
3- I1 and I2 was found and shown in Table 2.
4- The supply power was set on 10v and 15v, and I1 and I2 were calculated and
represent in Table 2.

CHPTER 4: Design Development and Analysis

In this section, the values that record which were figured in the experiment will display
the amounts in either the current or the value of the voltage which is shown in the
following tables. Hence, the calculations that were made to find Z and Y will be represent.

These two tables are explaining T-network which was gotten in the laboratory.

Table 1:(T-Network Verification Result).

I 2=0 V1 5V 10 V 15 V

I1

V2

I 1=0 V2 5V 10 V 15 V

I2

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 V1

Table 2:(π-Network Verification Result).

VS

5V 10 V 15 V

V 1=0 I1

I2

V 2=0 I1

I2

In this table the amount illustrating the π network that was gotten from the
theoretical calculation.

Table 3:( Parameters Calculation).

VS
5V 10 V 15 V

z 11 3086.41 6172.84 9259.26

z 12

z 21

z 22

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 y 11

y 12

y 21

y 22

Discussion

The experiment was carried out to verify π-Network Verification Result and T-
Network Verification Result.

This section will explain the values that had in the experiment.
Suggestions/recommendations for improvement of the design would be mentioned. The
results if they are significant or if there are some differences will be discussed based on
evidence. The results will be explained and summarized as well.
During the experiment, it can verify T-Network and π-Network by finding the voltage
and the current by the Multimeter biased on table1, 2, and 3. Figure 2 and 3 represent how
it can discover the values of Z. However, all the figures the shown a behaver of the voltage
and the current.

In confirm T-Network, in figure 2 the power supply was in the left which it can
understanding the path of the voltage that following it, when the I1 was measured the props
were put between the node of the voltage and the resister 1 which is 1KΩ for all the
volumes of the voltage. Hence, when E2 measured the props were in the node of the
resister 3 (3KΩ) and the ground. Therefore, in figure 3 it followed the method put on the
opposite because the power supply was in the right. The resistors in these two figures
formed on the form of T.
In verified π-Network, in figure 4 it can see the power supply was on the left, thus were
measured I1 the props were between the node of the voltage and the resister 1 (1KΩ). So

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on, when I2 was finding, the props were between the node of the voltage and the resistors 3
(3KΩ). Therefore, same methd was followed, but the power supply was on the right, so it
was on the opposite. The resisters in these two figures shaped on the form of π.
In table 3, explains the Z and Y which it can calculate the values of them from the
results that got from measuring T-network and π-Network.

the Shape of setting the experiment in T-network, the resistor was farmed as T and the
voltage was parallel on them and the ground was on the node of resistor 2 which was
series. So on, for setting π-Network the voltage had the same shape method that T-network
have it, but the resister farmed as π therefore it put wires between the resister 2 to connect
for the other resisters.

In this experiment, the values that got had many static errors such as gross error which
typically make by human and systematic error which usually Due to external condition of
the measurement.

Future recommendation for this system is to put constant resistors and voltage to have
more accuracy results.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the objectives and aims of this project were achieved successfully,
efficiently, and effectively. A two-port network has four variables with two of them being
independent. If one of the ports is terminated by a load with no independent sources, then
the load enforces a relationship between the voltage and current of that port. However, the
following representations are limited to two-port devices:
1. Hybrid (h) parameters.
2. Inverse hybrid (g) parameters.
3. Transmission (ABCD) parameters.
4. Scattering transfer (T) parameters.
The difference between the various models lies in which of these variables are regarded
as the independent variables. A network to be reciprocal if the voltage appearing at port 2
due to a current applied at port 1 is the same as the voltage appearing at port 1 when the
same current is applied to port.

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Reference

1- Munn, R. (1994). Molecular Electronics and Molecular Electronic Devices. Kristof

Sienicki (ed.). Volume 1, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1993, Advanced Materials for
Optics and Electronics, 4(6), pp.431-432.

Appendices

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