EEL 4242

POWER ELECTRONICS

DIODE RECTIFIERS

01/07/22 EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid 1

 Single-Phase Half-wave Rectifier
1  Vm
2 0
Vo ( dc )  V sin  d  

m

Vm
I o ( dc ) 
R
1  2 2 Vm
2 0
Vo ( rms )  Vm sin  d  
2
V
I o ( rms )  m
2R

01/07/22 Figure 3.1

EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid 2
 Input Waveforms

Pdc  Vdc I dc Pac  Vrms I rms

Pdc
P TUF  DF  cos 
  dc Vac  V 2
V 2 Vs I s
rms dc
Pac 2
I s2  I s21  Is 
Vrms Vac HF     1
FF  RF  I s21  I s1 
Vdc Vdc
VI I
Figure 3.2 V 
2 PF  s S 1 cos   S 1 cos 
Vs I S IS
RF   rms   1  FF 2  1
I S ( peak )
01/07/22  VdcbyDr. M.H. Rashid
EEL 4242
CF  3
IS
 Half-wave Rectifier with RL Load
Figure 3.3

1  
Vo ( dc ) 
2 0
Vm sin  d

Vm
 1  cos      
2
Vm
I o ( dc )  1  cos      
2 R
01/07/22 EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid 4
Full-Wave Rectifier (center-tapped)
2  2Vm
2 0
Vo ( dc )  Vm sin  d 

2V
I o ( dc )  m
R
2  2 2 Vm
2 0
Vo ( rms )  Vm sin  d 
2
V
I o ( rms )  m
2R

01/07/22 EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid 5

Figure 3.5
 Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier
2  2Vm
2 0
Vo ( dc )  V sin  d  

m

2Vm
I o ( dc ) 
R
2  2 2 Vm
2 0
Vo ( rms )  Vm sin  d  
2
V
I o ( rms )  m
2R

01/07/22 EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid Figure 3.6 6

 Bridge Rectifier (motor load)
4 I a  sin t sin 3t sin 5t 
is (t )      .... 
  1 3 5 
4I a
I s1   0.90 I a
 2

01/07/22 EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid Figure 3.7 7

 Bridge Rectifier (RL load)
dio
L  Rio  E  2Vs sin t for io  0
dt

Figure 3.8

01/07/22 EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid 8

 Bridge Rectifier (RL load)
dio
L  Rio  E  2Vs sin t for io  0
dt
2V E
io  sin  t     A1e  ( R / L )t

Z R
Z  R   L
2
2
  tan 1 ( L / R)

• Case 1: Continuous conduction, Io >0

• Case 2: Discontinuous conduction, Io =0

01/07/22 EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid 9

 Bridge Rectifier (RL load)
• Case 1: Continuous conduction, Io >0
2V  2  ( R / L )t  E
io 
Z sin  t     1  e ( R / L )( /  ) e   R
for 0   t      and i0  0
• Case 2: Discontinuous conduction, Io =0
2V E 2V   ( R / L )( /  t ) E
io  sin  t       sin       e 
Z R Z  R
for i0  0
E
  sin 1
At t   , io (t   )  0
Vm
 
 x  tan x
sin         sin       e  0
 cos   cos 
01/07/22 EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid 10
 Boundary of continuous and
discontinuous (single-phase)

01/07/22 EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid Figure 3.9 11

 Multiphase Rectifiers
2  /q
Vo ( dc ) 
2 / q 0
Vm cos  d

q 
 Vm sin
 q

2  /q
Vo ( rms )  
2 / q 0
Vm2 cos 2  d

q  1 2 
 Vm   sin 
2 q 2 q 

Figure 3.12
01/07/22 EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid 12
 Three-Phase Bridge Rectifier

01/07/22 EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid Figure 3.13 13

Waveforms and Conduction Times
2  /6
Vo ( dc )  
2 / 6 0
3 Vm cos  d

3 3
 Vm  1.654Vm


2  /6

2 / 6 0
Vo ( dc )  3 Vm cos  d

3 3
 V  1.654Vm
2  /q  m
Vo ( rms ) 
2 / q 0
3Vm2 cos 2  d

3 9 3
 Vm   1.6554Vm
2 4

Figure 3.14
01/07/22 EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid 14
 3-Phase Bridge Rectifier (RL Load)

 2
vab  2Vab sin t for  t 
3 3
dio
L  Rio  E  2Vab sin t for io  0
dt
01/07/22 EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid Figure 3.15 15
 Three-Phase Bridge Rectifier (RL
di
load)
L o
 Rio  E  2Vab sin t for io  0
dt
2Vab E
io  sin  t     A1e  ( R / L )t 
Z R
Z  R2    L 
2
  tan 1 ( L / R )

• Case 1: Continuous conduction, Io >0

• Case 2: Discontinuous conduction, Io =0

01/07/22 EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid 16

 Three-Phase Bridge (RL load)
• Case 1: Continuous conduction, Io >0
2Vab  sin  2 / 3     sin   / 3     ( R / L )( / 3 t )  E
io  sin  t      ( R / L )( / 3 )
e 
Z  1 e  R
for  / 3  t  2 / 3 and i0  0

• Case 2: Discontinuous conduction, Io =0

Setting Io  0 (in Eq.3.47)
2Vab  sin  2 / 3     sin   / 3    e  ( R / L )( / 3 )
 E
  ( R / L )( / 3 )  0
Z  1 e  R

 ( ) 
E  sin  2 / 3     sin   / 3    e 2 tan 
 cos 
x( )    
2Vab ( )
 1  e 2 tan  

01/07/22 EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid 17

 Boundary of continuous and
discontinuous (three-phase)

01/07/22 EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid Figure 3.16 18

 DC Filters

Figure 3.18
01/07/22 EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid 19
 AC Filters

Figure 3.19
01/07/22 EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid 20
 Single-Phase Rectifier with C-Filter

01/07/22 Figure 3.22

EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid 21
 Single-Phase Rectifier with C-
V 
Vo ( dc )
V Filter m
m
4 fRCe
Vr ( pp ) Vm
Vrms ( ripple )  
2 2 4 2 fRCe
Vrms ( ripple ) 1
RF  
Vo ( dc ) 2(4 fRCe  1)

01/07/22 Figure 3.22

EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid 22
 Output Voltage with C-Filter

01/07/22 EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid Figure 3.26 23

 Effects of Source Inductances
Vx  2 f ( L1  L2  L3 ) I dc
 6 fLI dc if L1  L2  L3

Figure 3.27

01/07/22 EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid 24

 Summary
• Diode rectifiers convert an ac voltage to a dc
voltage.
• The output voltage contain ripples which can
be removed by filters.
• Depending on time constant of the load, the
load current may be discontinuous.
• Line inductances cause overlap and reduce the
effective dc output voltage.
• What was the major idea?
• What was the muddiest idea?
01/07/22 EEL 4242 by Dr. M.H. Rashid 25