COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus

COMSATS University Islamabad,

Abbottabad Campus.

ASSGINMENT: 4

NAME: MUHAMMAD LUQMAN

REG NO: FA19-CVE-045

SECTION: B

SUBJECT: ADVANCED FLUID MECHANICS

TITLE: CENTRIFUGAL AND RECIPROCATING PUMPS

SUBMITTED TO: SIR ABDUL WAHEED

DATE: 17th –JUNE- 2021

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 COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus

Q) Differentiate between Centrifugal and Reciprocating Pumps in detail by

examples and their applications?
A) PUMPS:
Pump can be define as “A device that is used to lift water or any
other fluid from one level to the other.” Or It can also be define as “A device
that converts mechanical energy into pressure energy and is used to transport
fluid from one place to another.”
 TYPES OF PUMPS:
There are various types of pumps; but here we have to deal with two of
them which are:
1. Centrifugal pumps.
2. Reciprocating pump.

 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP:
“A pump used to lift water or any other liquid from one level to
other by the action of centrifugal force is called Centrifugal pump”.

 PUMPING ACTION OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP:

The mechanical energy is fed into the rotating shaft and water
enters the impeller, which is attached to the shaft. This increases the pressure
energy of the outgoing fluid. The water enters the impeller radially and leaves
the vanes axially.

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 COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus

The above diagram shows different components of centrifugal pump”.

 RECIPROCATING PUMP:
It is the simplest pump; it contains a suction valve and a delivery
valve. A vacuum is created in the cylinder such that the suction valve is
opened, and the water enters the cylinder. The increase in pressure due to
delivery stroke in cylinder causes the suction valve to close and water
enters the delivery pipe through delivery valve with high pressure.
A Reciprocating pump is also called a positive displacement pump.
 COMPONENTS OF RECIPROCATING PUMPS:
The main components of reciprocating pump are as follows:

1. Suction Pipe
2. Suction Valve
3. Delivery Pipe
4. Delivery Valve
5. Cylinder
6. Piston and Piston Rod
7. Crank and Connecting Rod
8. Strainer
9. Air Vessel

A diagram indicating different parts of Reciprocating pump

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 COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus
 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CENTRIFUGAL PUMP &
RECIPROCATING PUMP:
R) CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Easily constructed due to a
smaller number of parts required
to build.
As the number of parts are less so
that’s why total weight of the
pump is less for a given
discharge.
Suitable for a larger discharge
and usually for small heads.
Requires less floor area and
simple foundation.
Wear and tear is less.
Due to small size of the pump as
compared to the Reciprocating
pump, its maintenance cost is
less.
These pumps can run at higher
speeds.
The delivery is continuous in
this type of pump
Thrust on the crank shaft is
uniform.
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RECIPROCATING PUMP
The pump has a greater number
of parts than centrifugal pump
and is not easily constructed.
The weight of the pump is more
for a given discharge. Due to
Complex construction of pump.
Suitable for a small discharge and
usually for large heads.
Requires more floor area and
heavy foundation. Due to the size
of the pump.
Wear and tear is more.
As compared to the centrifugal
pump, the pumps maintenance
cost is huge.
These pumps cannot run at
higher speeds.
The delivery is pulsating in
this type of pump.
Thrust on the crank shaft is not
uniform.
 COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus

No air vessels are required for this Air vessels are required for this
pump pump

This pump is easy to operate. Care must be needed while

handling this pump.

Can handle dirty water. This pump cannot handle dirty

water.

It has less efficiency. This pump has more efficiency

than Centrifugal pump.

 APPLICATIONS AND USES OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP:

Some Applications and uses of centrifugal pump are:-

1. Water supply for residential areas.

2. Fire protection systems.
3. Sewage/slurry disposal.
4. Food and beverage manufacturing.
5. Chemical manufacturing.
6. Oil and gas industrial operations.

 APPLICATIONS AND USES OF RECIPROCATING PUMP:

Some Applications and uses of Reciprocating pump are,
1. Oil and Gas
2. Chemical Performance
3. Food preparation
4. Mining
5. Soap Production and Wastewater Treatm