8.

What are
areyou
yougoing
toWhat
learn?
to learn?
going
To describe the properties of a
Totrapezoid
describe the properties of a
trapezoid
To define a trapezoid
To define a trapezoid
To find the formula of the area
Toand
findperimeter
the formula
of aoftrapezoid
the area
and perimeter of a trapezoid

Key
KeyTerm:
Term:
Trapezoid Figure 8.8
Trapezoid

Look at the picture of a traditional house above.

The lower roof has the form of a trapezoid. Now look at the
sides of the roof. What can you say? You may be saying that the
upper and the lower sides are parallel and others are not.
On the basis of your observation, you can define a
trapezoid as the following.

Trapezoid A quadrilateral with one pair of exactly parallel

sides

Quadrilateral ABCD on the right is a A B

trapezoid. Side AB and DC are called the bases
of the trapezoid, sides AB and DC are
parallel, and sides AD and BC are called D C
the legs of the trapezoid. Quadrilateral
ABCD is then called trapezoid.

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7 / 333

 Think and Discuss
A B
1. Trapezoid ABCD on the left is called an
isosceles trapezoid, because the legs are
D C equal, AD = BC.
a. What is the relation between A and D;
Figure 8.9
between B and C? Explain.
b. What is the relation between A and C and between B and D?
Explain.
c. Are A = D and B = C? Explain it.
E┌ F
2. Trapezoid EFGH on the left side is a right-
angled trapezoid, because one of its legs is
H
└ perpendicular to the base.
G
Figure 8.10 a. What are the measures of E and H?
b. What is the relation between F and G? Explain it.

Based on the result of “Think and Discuss” above, we have got the
properties of a trapezoid. They are as follows:
1. The sum of two adjacent angles between two parallel lines is
180. (In Figure 8.10,  E+  H=  F+  G = 180)
2. In an isosceles trapezoid, each pair of base angles are equal.
(In FigureMini - Lab
8.9, A = B and C = D)
WORK IN GROUPS
3. In an isosceles trapezoid,
Materials: thea pencil,
Lined paper, diagonals are equal. (In Figure 8.
and scissors.
9, AC = BD)
Take a piece of lined paper and fold it into two along the line in the middle of the paper.
Draw a line segment on the line in the paper of 3 cm in length.
4.Draw
A again
rightanother
trapezoid has two
line segment right
by 5 cm angles.
in length (In
on the Figure
second 8.10,the
line below  Efirst.
and
(see
H)the figure below)
Join the end of the first line to the second one so that we get a trapezoid with the
bases of 3 cm and 5 cm.
Nexttheyou
Cut trapezoid
will on the folded
learn howpaper so that
to find theweformula
have two trapezoids of theof
of the area same
a size.
Mark the parallel sides a1 and a2, and t for the height.
trapezoid.
Coincide both trapezoids on one of the equal p
legs to form a parallelogram. a1 a2

Discuss with your classmates to answer the following questions. t

a2  a1
If “p” and “t” express the base and height of the parallelogram above, write down the
formula of the area of the parallelogram.
Write down the formula of the area of the parallelogram above using ”a1, a2, and t”.
What is the proportion of the area of each of the trapezoids and parallelograms formed?
In your own words, write down the formula of the area and perimeter of a trapezoid.

334 / Student’s Book – Quadrilaterals

 The area of a The area of a trapezoid is half of the product of
Trapezoid its height and the sum of the parallel sides.
a1
Suppose A is the area of a trapezoid with the
height t and the lengths of parallel sides a1 and
t
a2, then A = t x ( a1 +a2 )
┐
a2

Critical Thinking:
Can the area of a trapezoid be
calculated from the area of a
triangle? t
t
Explain it.
Figure 8.11

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7 / 335

 Related to the Real World
107 km
Geography. Estimate the area of
the trapezoid in the figure on the
51
right! km

Solution:elesaian
85 km
Given : t = 51
a 1 = 85
s a 2 = 107
Question : the area of trapezoid
1
Solution :A = t(a 1 +a 2 )
2
1
A = 51(85+107)
2
A = 4896
So, the area of Samarinda is approximately 4896 km 2 .

1. Let ABCD is an isosceles trapezoid with parallel sides AB

and DC . Draw the symmetric line m of the trapezoid.
2. In isosceles triangle ISO on the I
right, IO = IS and side TF  SO .
T F
What shape is SOFT? Why?

S O

3. Geography Estimate the area of the

120km
80km trapezoid in the figure on the left.

200km

336 / Student’s Book – Quadrilaterals

 4. If possible, draw a trapezoid with the following properties.
If it cannot be drawn, state your reasons.
a. It has three equal sides.
b. It has equal parallel sides.
c. The legs are longer than the parallel sides.
d. It has two right angles.
e. It has a pair of equal opposite angles.
5. Quadrilateral PQRS is a trapezoid with the parallel sides
PS and QR , PQ = SR, SPQ = 120, and SRP = 20. What
is the size of PSQ ?

6. Mathematics Communication. Draw a trapezoid with

the lengths of the parallel sides 6 cm and 12 cm and its
height is 7 cm.
7. Calculate the area of the trapezoid in no. 6.
8. Calculate the area of a trapezoid in which its height is 10
and the lengths of the parallel sides are 12 and 18.
9. a. State the height and parallel sides of trapezoid
160
E F EFGH.
52 48 b. What is the area of trapezoid EFGH?
 c. State the type of trapezoid EFIH and give
H 120 G 60 I
your reasons.
d. What is the area of trapezoid EFIH?
e. What is the perimeter of trapezoid EFIH?

10. Algebra. One of the parallel sides of a trapezoid is twice

the other. The height of the trapezoid is the average of the
parallel sides. If the area of the trapezoid is 324 cm 2 , find
the lengths of the height and parallel sides of the trapezoid.

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7 / 337