9.

What are you Types of Triangles

What
going are you
totolearn?
going learn?
To determine the types of
To determine the types of
triangle
triangle
To find the sum of the angles of
To find the sum of the angles of
a triangle
a triangle
To describe the relation between
To describe the relation between
exterior and interior angles
exterior and interior angles
To find the formula for the
To find the formula for the
perimeter and area of a
perimeter and area of a
triangle
triangle
Key
KeyTerms:
Terms:
congruent sides
congruent sides
equilateral triangle
equilateral triangle
isosceles triangle
isosceles triangle
scalene triangle
scalene triangle
right triangle
right triangle
obtuse triangle Look at the picture of a sailing boat above. In
obtuse triangle
acute triangle
acute triangle
exterior angle the picture, the sails are in the shape of quadrilaterals
exterior angle
interior angle
interior angle and triangles. What is the name of the quadrilateral?

Look at the triangular sails. What types of triangles are they?

1. TYPES OF TRIANGLES BASED ON THE LENGTHS OF

THE SIDES

C F
P

R
Q
A B D E
(a) (b) (c)

Figure 9.1

Look at the Figure 9.1

a. Use a ruler to measure the lengths of the sides
of ABC.

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7 / 339

 b. Are there any equal sides? If so, how many are
they?
c. By looking at the lengths of the sides, what
kind of triangle is ABC? Explain it.
d. Repeat questions (a) to (c) for DEF.
e. Repeat questions (a) to (c) for PQR.

 Equilateral triangle is a triangle having three congruent sides.

 Isosceles triangle is a triangle having two congruent sides.
 Scalene triangle is a triangle having no congruent sides.

Relation to the Real World

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 9.2
 Look at Figure 9.2 (a), what shape is the high building?
 In Figure 9.2 (b), what shape is the sail of the motorboat?
 Look at Figure 9.2 (c), what shape is the sail of the
fisherman’s boat?

Think and Discuss

 Look at the figure on the right.
 How many
equilateral triangles are there?

340 / Student’s Book – Triangles

 K

Look at isosceles triangle KLM on the left.

 K is called the vertex angle.
L M
 L and M are called the base angles.

2. TYPES OF TRIANGLES BASED ON THE MEASURES OF

THE ANGLES

You have learnt about a rectangle and its properties. To

remind you, discuss the following.

GROUP WORK
1. Draw rectangle ABCD 8 cm in length and 6 cm in width.
2. Draw the diagonals.
3. Cut the rectangle along the side a.
4. Cut it along one of the diagonals.
5. What is the shape of the fragments?
6. Do both fragments have the same area?
7. Look at both fragments. Is there one right angle in each
fragment? If so, how do you measure the angle? Show the
position of the angle and mention its name.

If rectangle ABCD is cut into two parts along one of the

diagonals, we will get two congruent triangles. Because one of
the angles in each triangle is a right angle (C or B), the
triangle is called a right triangle.

A L R
K

P
C M
B (b) Q
(a) (c)
Figure 9.3
Look at the above figure. Use a protractor to answer the
following questions.
a. Find the measures of the angles of ABC.
b. Is there any 90 angle?
c. What are the measures of the other two angles?
d. By observing the measures of the angles, what kind of
triangle is ABC? Explain it.

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7 / 341

 e. Repeat questions (a) to (d) for KLM.
f. Repeat questions (a) to (d) for PQR.

 A right triangle is a triangle that has one 90 angle.

 An obtuse triangle is a triangle that has one obtuse angle.
 An acute triangle is a triangle that has three acute angles.

Related to the Real World

(a) (b)
 In figure (a), what shape is the sail of the boats?
 In figure (b) , what shape is the wooden terrace of the
house?
Look at the following figures.

A B A B

 

   D
C D C
Figure 9.4

Arranging Two Isosceles Triangles

 Arrange two equal isosceles triangles by attaching the equal

sides.
 Draw each geometrical shape you get.
 How many kinds of geometrical shape can you get?
 What are the names of the shapes?

342 / Student’s Book – Triangles

3. TYPES OF TRIANGLES BASED ON THE ANGLES AND
SIDES

B L

R
A C K M P Q
(a) (b) (c)

Figure 9.5

Look at the above figure. Use a protractor and a

ruler to answer the following questions.

a. Find the measures of the angles of ABC.

b. Measure the lengths of the sides of ABC.
c. Are there any equal sides in ABC?
d. Is there any 90 angle in ABC?
e. What are the measures of the other two angles?
f. By observing the angles, what shape is ABC?
g. By observing the lengths of the sides, what shape is
ABC?
h. By observing the angles and the sides, what shape is
ABC? Explain it.
i. Repeat questions (a) to (h) for KLM.
j. Repeat questions (a) to (h) for PQR.
k. Can you find other types of triangle in this grouping?
Explain it.

 A right isosceles triangle is a triangle that has one 90 angle

and two equal sides.
 An obtuse isosceles triangle is a triangle that has one obtuse
angle and two equal sides.
 An acute isosceles triangle is a triangle that has one acute
angle and two equal sides.

 Think and Discuss

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7 / 343

 Look at the picture of Guyana’s flag on
the left. What kinds of triangle are there
on the flag?

The Sum of the Angles of a Triangle

What is the sum of all angles of a triangle? To answer the
question, do the following activity.

Mini - Lab
WORK IN GROUPS
Materials: Paper, a pencil, a protractor, a ruler, and scissors.

Draw three triangles as shown in the figure on the right.

Cut each triangle along the sides.
Share them with your friends, so that each person gets
different triangle.
Draw a straight line g as you like.
Mark a number on each angle of the triangle you have. 1 3
Cut the edges of the triangles as shown in the figure on the
2
right.
Choose point P on line g. Place 3 edges of the triangle from
those pieces of paper on P. Arrange the endpoints as in 2
the figure on the right. 1 3 g
Compare your result with your friends’ results for different triangles.
What can you and your friends conclude?
Recheck to justify your conclusion by measuring each angle of the triangles using a
protractor and calculate the sum. Do it carefully.

On the basis of the activities you have done, you have

found the sum of the angles in a triangle. If all angles in a
triangle fit together side by side, do they form a straight angle?

The sum of all the angles of a triangle is 180.

The sum of all the angles of a triangle is 180.

Knowing that the sum of the angles in a triangle is 180 ,

you can determine the size of one of the angles if the sizes of the
other two angles are given.

 CRITICAL THINKING

344 / Student’s Book – Triangles

 Is it possible for a triangle to have two right angles? Explain.
Is it possible for a triangle to have two obtuse angles? Explain.

 Discuss
Music. Have you ever seen a piano like in
the picture on the left? A supporting stick
supports the top of the piano. The stick forms
a 57° angle with the base of the piano,
57 whereas the top forms a 90° angle with the
stick. How many degrees is the other angle?

80
PROBLEM 1
2 cm 2 cm
Given PQR as in the figure on the right.
a. What kind of triangle is PQR? ? ?
Q
Explain it. P
b. What is the measure of P?
c. What is the measure of Q?
d. How can you determine the measures of P and Q?
e. Is P = Q? Why?

PROBLEM 2
C B
Calculate the measure of (8x  1)

each angle of ABC.
What is the sum of A and C?
Explain.

(4x + 7)
A

PROBLEM 3

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7 / 345

 Look at the figure of FGH on the right.
G
a. Find the measure of each angle
indicated by x, y, z. 39
21
b. Based on the measures of the
angles, what kind of triangle is
65 x y z
FGH? F
J H
c. Based on the measures of the
angles, what kind of triangle is
GHJ?
d. Based on the measures of the angles, what kind of triangle
is FGJ?

The Exterior and Interior Angles of a Triangle

An exterior angle of a triangle is an angle formed by the
side of a triangle with the extension of the other side of the
triangle. Think about the definition of the interior angle of a
triangle.

Z Look at XYZ on the left.

The side XY is lengthened into WY.
c
Exterior Y, Z, and YXZ are the interior angles of XYZ
Angle and WXZ is the exterior angle of YXZ.
a. What conclusion can you draw about the relation
W a b between WXZ and YXZ?
X Y
b. What is the measure of WXZ?
c. What conclusion can you draw about the relation between the
size of the exterior angle (WXZ) and two interior angles
(XYZ and YZX)?
d. How many exterior angles are there in a triangle?

PROBLEM 4
D
Look at the figure on the right. F
G
75

346 / Student’s Book – Triangles

35
E
 a. Name the exterior angle of DEF.
b. What is the measure of the exterior angle
of DEF?
c. What is the measure of DFE.
d. Measure the measure of EDF.

Based on the above explanation, you can draw the

conclusion as follows:

The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of

two interior angles which are not supplementary to the exterior
angle.

The Perimeter and Area of a Triangle

To find the perimeter of a triangle, you should know first
the lengths of the sides of the triangle because the perimeter of a
triangle is the sum of the lengths of the sides forming the
triangle.

PROBLEM 5
C
Look at the figure on the left.
a. How can you calculate the perimeter of ABC shown
in the figure on the left? Explain.
A B b. What conclusion can you draw?
c. Can you formulate the perimeter of ABC?

If P is the perimeter of a triangle having the sides a, b dan c, then the

perimeter of the triangle can be stated as
P=a+b+c
Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7 / 347
 Think and Discuss
14 cm
Garden Problem
10 m Pak Budi has a garden as shown in the figure on the
8m
left. He wants to build a fence around the garden.
6m

a. How can you calculate the perimeter of Pak Budi’s garden?

b. How long is the fence that Pak Budi needs?
c. What is the relation between the perimeter of the garden and
the cost? Explain.
d. If the cost of setting the fence is Rp 25.000,00 per meter, how
much money will Pak Budi spend?
Check Your Understanding 5 cm
R
Q
1. Calculate the perimeter of the isosceles
triangle PQR on the right. 7 cm

2. Explain how you calculate the perimeter of PQR.

P
Mini - Lab
WORK IN GROUPS
Materials: grid paper, a ruler, and scissors

Draw rectangle ABCD on the grid paper with the length of 12 squares and the
width of 9 squares.
Cut the rectangle ABCD along the sides.
What is the area of rectangle ABCD?
Draw one of the diagonals of rectangle ABCD.
Cut the rectangle ABCD along the diagonals (step 4) into two parts.
What is the shape you get? Are the two shapes obtained equal?
Do the two shapes have the same area?
What is the area of each shape you get (step 7)?
What is the formula of each of the shapes you get?

Critical Thinking C
Look at ABC in the figure on the right.
y
a. Calculate the area of ABC. t
x

A a B

348 / Student’s Book – Triangles

 b. Is there any other way to calculate the area of ABC?
c. What conclusion can you draw?

The results of the Mini Lab above show that the area of a
triangle can be obtained from the area of a rectangle; the area of
a right triangle is half of that of a rectangle. Therefore, it can be
concluded that:

If
If AA is
is the
the area
area of
of aa triangle
triangle whose
whose base
base is
is bb and
and
height
height isis h,
h, then
then the
the area
area of
of the
the triangle
triangle can
can bebe
stated
stated as:
as:
h
A =(b  h)
A =(b h)

ba

Think and Discuss

Woodwork 5m
A carpenter is going to make a wooden wall
for the back of a warehouse. If the price of
6m
wood is Rp 5,000.00/m2, how much is the
cost to make the wall of the warehouse?
8m
M

Checking Understanding 13 cm

N 12 cm L
Given KLM as shown in the figure on
the right. Calculate the area of KLM.
14 cm

15 cm

Critical Thinking
Given the area of PQR is 16 cm 2 and the height is 4 cm.
How can you calculate the length of the base of PQR?

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7 / 349

 1. Name the types of the following triangles. Use a ruler and a
protractor if necessary.

B F H

A E G I

C S U
D
M Q
L O
V W
P R T

a. What kind of triangle is ABC? Explain it.

b. What kind of triangle is DEF? Explain it.
c. What kind of triangle is GHI? Explain it.
d. What kind of triangle is KLM? Explain it.
e. What kind of triangle is PQR? Explain it.
f. What kind of triangle is STO? Explain it.
g. What kind of triangle is UVW? Explain it.
2. Draw the following triangles (if possible) on dotted paper:
a. a triangle with three acute angles.
b. a triangle with one right angle.

c. a triangle with one
           
obtuse angle.
                 
                              
   d.
  a triangle
    with
   one
  right
  angle
  and
 one
  obtuse
    angle.
  
                              
    e.
  a triangle
    with
  three
   different
    lengths
   of its sides.
    
                              
    f.
  a triangle
    with
  two
  equal
   lengths
   of its
 sides.
      
                              
    g.
  a triangle
    with
  three
   equal
   lengths
   of
 its
  sides.
     
                              
                              
                              
                              
                              
                              
                              
                              
                              
                              
                              
350 / Student’s Book
  – Triangles
                         
                              
                              
                              
3. Look at the flag of
Jamaica on the right.
a. Name the kinds of triangle in the
picture of the flag of Jamaica.
b. How many triangles are alike on the flag?
Show them.
c. Which triangles have the same
size?

4. Look at the two triangle rulers on the right

figure.
a. Do they have similarity? Explain it.
b. What are the differences between them?
Explain .

5. Look at ABC on the right

figure.
a. What kinds of triangles form ABC?
b. How many congruent triangles are there in
ABC?
c. How many right-angled triangles are there?
d. How many congruent isosceles triangles are there in ABC?
e. How many isosceles triangles are there in ABC?
f. Is there any equilateral triangle in  ABC?

6. Draw the following triangles. If the triangle cannot be drawn,

then write “impossible” and state your reasons.
Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7 / 351
 a. a right triangle
b. a right isosceles triangle
c. an obtuse isosceles triangle
d. an obtuse equilateral triangle

7. Critical thinking.
a. Can an isosceles triangle be an acute triangle? Explain.
b. Can a scalene triangle be an acute triangle? Explain.
c. Can a right triangle be an acute triangle? Explain.
d. Can an equilateral triangle be an acute triangle? Explain.
e. Can an acute triangle be an equilateral triangle? Explain.
f. Can a scalene triangle be an obtuse triangle? Explain.
8. Look at the figure on the right.
a. How many congruent triangles are
there?
b. What kinds of triangles form square
ACEG?
c. How many degrees is each of the
base angles of each triangle?
d. How many degrees is the top angle
of each triangle?
e. What angle has the equal size to OAB?
f. How many degrees is OAB?
9. What kind of triangle has the following angles?
a. 90, 40, 50 b. 115, 30, 35 b. 38, 72, 70

10. Given a triangle with two of its angles are 35 and 50.
What is the measure of the third angle? What kind of
triangle is it?

A 11. D Look at the following figures.

I M
? 60 60 L
80
45 105
E

50 ? ?
? 45 G H K
B C 40
352 / Student’s Book – Triangles
F
 a. Measure the unknown angle in each of the triangles above.
b. Based on the sizes of the angles, what kind of triangle is
each triangle above?

12. Find the sizes of the unknown

angles in the isosceles triangles below.

C D F
47 ? R
52 2 2 ? 5
3 3 5 Q
? ?
E 63
? ?
A B P

13. Look at the figures below.

a. Find the sizes of the unknown angles.
b. What kind of triangle is each triangle on the right?
c. What is the sum of the acute angles of each triangle on the
right?
d. What is the relation between both acute angles in each of
the above triangle?

35

30 45

(i) (ii) (iii)

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7 / 353

 14. Find out the value of a, b, and c
of each of the following triangles.

2b 
3a 
2b  c 3c 

2a  2b c
35

(i) (ii) (iii)

15. Critical Thinking.

Given a triangle whose angles are 50, 60 and 70.
a. What kind of triangle is it? Why?
b. Can you classify the triangle based on the lengths of the
sides? Explain it.

16. Open Question.

Given triangle ABC with one of the angles being 18. What
kind of triangle is it? Explain it.
17. Look at the triangles in
the figure below.
a. Determine the sizes of the unknown angles.
b. Sort ascending by the sizes of the angles in each
triangle.
c. Sort descending by the lengths of the sides in each
triangle.
d. Make a prediction about the relation between the
results of (b) and (c).

V
O
H
45
28
N (3)
U
(1) 75 S 30

T (4)
(2)

M 135 60 Q
P 110
F G
354 / Student’s Book – Triangles
18. What are the measures of the
angles of a triangle if the lengths of the sides are as follows:
a. AB = 8, BC = 5, and AC = 7.
b. DE = 15, EF = 18, and DF = 5.
c. XY = 2, YZ = 4, and XZ = 3.
19. What are the lengths of the
sides of a triangle if the measures of the angles are as
follows:
a. S = 90, R = 40, T = 50
b. A = 20, B = 120, C = 40
c. X = 70, Y = 30 , Z = 80
d. D = 80, E = 50, F = 50

20. Observation . Is it possible to

form a triangle from the following midribs of palm leaves if
the lengths are as the following? State the reasons.
a. 11 cm, 12 cm and 15 cm. c. 6 cm, 10 cm, and 13 cm.
b. 2 cm, 3 cm and 6 cm. d. 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm.

21. T
he perimeter of a quadrilateral S R

PQRS in the figure on the right

is 22 m.
a. Determine the lengths of P Q
PQ, SR, PS and RQ.
b. How can you calculate the
area of PQRS?
c. What is the area of PQRS?

22. Look at the figure below.

Which shape has the largest area? Explain.

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7 / 355

(c)
(b)
(a)
 x
23. The K M
perimeter of KLM is 40 cm.
a. What shape is KLM? 2x  5
b. Determine the lengths of the sides of KLM.

24. Given L
the shapes below.

(a) (b) (c)

a. Determine the area of each shape.

b. Which shape has the largest area?
25 cm
25. Reni has a

piece of square patterned cardboard
forming a rectangle with the length of 25
cm. She is going to make a toy the shape of
which is shown in the figure on the right.
What is the area of the unused cardboard?

26. Critical Thinking

I
II
356 / Student’s Book – Triangles
x x
Look at the areas of triangles I
and II.
Compare the area I with that of
II. Explain.

Mathematics for Junior High School Year 7 / 357