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B.A./B.Sc. (Three Year) DEGREE EXAMINATION, OCTOBER 2018.

End Semester Examination

Third Semester

Part II : Mathematics

(Regular/Supplementary)

Paper III : ABSTRACT ALGEBRA

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 70

PART — A

Answer any FIVE of the following questions. (5  4 = 20 Marks)

1. Prove that the set G of rational (real) numbers other than 1, with operation  such
that a  b  a  b  ab for a, b  G is an abelian group.

G A¯óþ¨ 1 M>Mæü$…yé Ñ$Wͯèþ A°² AMæüÆæÿ×îýÄæý$ çÜ…QÅË çÜÑ$† a, b  G AÆÿ$$™óþ

a  b  a  b  ab A¯èþ$Mö¯èþ$Ðèþ$$.

Let G be a group for a, b  G , prove ab

1
2.  b 1  a 1 .

G JMæü çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ A¯èþ$Mø…yìþ a, b  G , Mæü$ ab1  b 1  a 1 °Ææÿ*í³…^èþ$Ðèþ$$.

3. If H and K are two subgroups of a group G, then HK is a subgroup of G iff
HK  KH .
JMæü çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ G ÌZ H , K Ë$ Eç³çÜÐèþ$*àËÆÿ$$™óþ, HK Mæü*yæþ G ÌZ Eç³çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$
M>ÐèþÌñý¯èþ¯èþ² BÐèþÔèýÅMæü ç³Æ>Åç³¢ °Äæý$Ðèþ$Ðèþ$$ HK  KH .
4. H is any subgroup of a group G ,  and h  G . Then h  H iff hH  H  Hh .

çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ G,  ÌZ H H§ðþO¯é Eç³çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ Ðèþ$ÇÄæý$$ hH A¯èþ$Mö¯èþ$Ðèþ$$. Aç³#yæþ$

h  H  hH  H  Hh A° °Ææÿ*í³…^èþ$Ðèþ$$.
5. Prove the intersection of any two normal subgroups of a group is a normal
subgroup.
JMæü çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ÌZ Æðÿ…yæþ$ AÀË…º Eç³çÜÐèþ$*à^óþe«§æþ¯èþÐèþ$$ JMæü AÀË…º Eç³çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ A°
^èþ*ç³…yìþ.
Turn Over
6. Prove that every homomorphic image of an abelian group is abelian.

JMæü Ñ°Ðèþ$Äæý$ çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ Äñý$$MæüP {糆 çÜÐèþ$Ææÿ*ç³™é {糆¼…ºÐèþ$$ JMæü Ñ°Ðèþ$Äæý$ çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$
AÐèþ#™èþ$…¨ A° °Ææÿ*í³…^èþ…yìþ.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
7. Find the orbits of f    . Also find the order of f.
2 3 5 1 4 6 8 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
{ç³Ýë¢ÆæÿÐèþ$$ f    Äñý$$MæüP Mæü„æü Å˯èþ$ ™ðþËç³…yìþ. C…M> f Äñý$$MæüP
2 3 5 1 4 6 8 7
ç³ÇÐèþ*×ýÐèþ$$ ™ðþËç³…yìþ.
8. Prove a cyclic group of order n has  n  generators.

n ™èþÆæÿVæü† MæüÍW¯èþ ^èþ{MîüÄæý$ çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$¯èþMæü$  n  f¯èþMæü Ðèþ$*ËM>Ë$…sêÆÿ$$ A° ^èþ*ç³…yìþ.

PART — B

Answer ALL the following questions. (5  10 = 50 Marks)

9. (a) Prove that a finite semi group G satisfying cancellation laws is a group.

JMæü ç³ÇÑ$™èþ AÆæÿ¦ çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ G MösìýtÐóþ™èþ °Äæý$Ðèþ*˯èþ$ ´ësìý…_¯èþ çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ AÐèþ#™èþ$…§æþ°

^èþ*ç³…yìþ.
Or
(b) Prove that the set of nth roots of unity under multiplication form a finite
group.

HMðüOMæüÐèþ$$ Äñý$$MæüP n Ðèþ Ðèþ$*ËMæüÐèþ$$Ë™ø HÆæÿμyìþ¯èþ çÜÑ$† Væü$×ýM>ÆæÿÐèþ$$ §æþ–ÚëtÅ JMæü ç³ÇÑ$™èþ
çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ A° ^èþ*ç³…yìþ.
10. (a) The necessary and sufficient condition for a finite complex H of a group G to
be a subgroup of G is a, b  H  ab  H .

JMæü çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ G ÌZ ç³ÇÑ$™èþ M>…ò³ÏMŠüÞ H, G ÌZ Eç³çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ AVæü$rMæü$ BÐèþÔèýÅMæü ç³Æ>Åç³¢

°Äæý$Ðèþ$Ðèþ$$ a, b  H  ab  H .
Or
(b) State and prove Langrange’s theorem.

Ìñý{V>…gŒý íܧ鮅™èþÐèþ$$¯èþ$ {ç³Ðèþ_…_ °Ææÿ*í³…^èþ$Ðèþ$$.

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11. (a) If G is a group and H is a subgroup of index 2 in G then prove that H is
normal subgroup.

G JMæü çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ Ðèþ$ÇÄæý$$ G ÌZ H Eç³çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ H Äñý$$MæüP çÜ*_Mæü 2 AÆÿ$$™óþ G ÌZ H

AÀË…º Eç³çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ A° °Ææÿ*í³…^èþ$Ðèþ$$.
Or
(b) State and prove Quotient group or factor group.

Ðèþ#Å™èþμ¯èþ² çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ íܧ鮅™èþÐèþ$$¯èþ$ {ç³Ðèþ_…_ °Ææÿ*í³…^èþ$Ðèþ$$.

12. (a) State and prove fundamental theorem of homomorphism of groups.

çÜÐèþ$*àË Äñý$$MæüP çÜÐèþ$Ææÿ*ç³™é Ðèþ$*Ë íܧ鮅™èþÐèþ$$¯èþ$ {ç³Ðèþ_…_ °Ææÿ*í³…^èþ$Ðèþ$$.

Or
(b) Let G be a group and N be a normal subgroup of G. Let f be a mapping from G
to G N defined by f x   Nx for x  G . Then f is a homomorphism of G onto
G N and ker f N .

G JMæü çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$, N §é°ÌZ AÀË…º Eç³Ðèþ$*ËMæüÐèþ$$ A¯èþ$Mö¯èþ$Ðèþ$$. G ¯èþ$…yìþ G N Mæü$ f

{ç³Ðóþ$Äæý$Ðèþ$$ f x   Nx , x  G A° °ÆæÿÓ_…糺yìþ¯èþ¨. A糚yæþ$ G ¯èþ$…yìþ G N Mæü$ f
çÜ…{VæüçÜ¢ çÜÐèþ$Ææÿ*ç³™èþ A° °Ææÿ*í³…^èþ…yìþ Ðèþ$ÇÄæý$$ MðüÆðÿ²ÌŒý ker f N AVæü$¯èþ° ^èþ*ç³…yìþ.
13. (a) State and prove Cayley’s theorem.

MðüÆÿ$$Î íܧ鮅™èþÐèþ$$¯èþ$ {ç³Ðèþ_…_ °Ææÿ*í³…^èþ$Ðèþ$$.

Or
(b) If p is a prime number then every group of order p is a cyclic group i.e. a
group of prime order is cyclic.

p JMæü {糫§é¯èþ çÜ…QÅ AÆÿ$$™óþ p ™èþÆæÿVæü† VæüÍY¯èþ {糆 çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ ^èþ{MîüÄæý$ çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ AVæü$¯èþ$.
A¯èþV> {糫§é¯èþ çÜ…QÅ ™èþÆæÿVæü†V> MæüÍW¯èþ çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ ^èþ{MîüÄæý$ çÜÐèþ$*çßýÐèþ$$ AVæü$¯èþ$.

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