Combined Maths

G.C.E.(A/L) 2021 Straight Line

(01) In each of the following, find the coordinates of the point which divide AB in the given
ratio:
(a) 𝐴(1,3); 𝐵(−4,8); 4 ∶ 1 internally
(b) 𝐴(−1, −3); 𝐵(4,2); 3 ∶ 2 internally
(c) 𝐴(2,7); 𝐵(2, −2); 2 ∶ 5 externally
(d) 𝐴(4,6); 𝐵(2,8); 2 ∶ 1 externally
(e) 𝐴(4, −3); 𝐵(— 5,7); 1 ∶ 2 internally and externally

(02) In each of the following, A,B and C are coordinates . Find the ratio in which C divides AB and the
value of k. (Hint: 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴𝐶: 𝐶𝐵 = 𝑚: 1)
(a) 𝐴(4,5), 𝐵(9, −5), 𝐶(8, 𝑘)
(b) 𝐴(−2, −5), 𝐵(4, −3), 𝐶(𝑘, −2)
(c) 𝐴(−𝑎. 8𝑎), 𝐵(4𝑎, −2𝑎), 𝐶(𝑎, 𝑘)
(d) 𝐴(5𝑡, 6𝑡), 𝐵(−4𝑡, −3𝑡). 𝐶(−10𝑡, 𝑘)

(03) Write down the coordinates of the centroide and find the area of each of the triangles:
(a) (4,7), (−8,2), (−5, −3)
(b) (5,2), (−6,10), (7, −3)
(c) (𝑎, 𝑏), (−5𝑎, 7𝑏), (−2𝑎, 4𝑏)
(d) (7𝑡, −2𝑡), (−3𝑡, −4𝑡), (5𝑡, −6𝑡)
(04) The vertices 𝐵 and 𝐶 of the triangle ABC are the points (2,3) and (−5,4). If the centroid of the
triangle is the point (1,1), find the coordinates of the vertex 𝐴.
(05) In each of the following investigate whether the points P and Q are on the same side or on opposite
sides of the line 𝑙.
(a) 𝑃(2,5), 𝑄(−3,9); 𝑙 = 3𝑥 + 2𝑦— 5 = 0
(b) 𝑃(1, −1‘), 𝑄(−4,2); 𝑙 = 5𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 7 = 0
(c) 𝑃(−2, −5‘), 𝑄(7, −3); 𝑙 = −7𝑥 + 𝑦 = 12.
(d) 𝑃(𝑎, 8𝑎), 𝑄(— 6𝑎, 2𝑎); 𝑙 = 12𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 3𝑎 = 0

(06) Find the acute angle between the following pairs of lines.
(a) 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 7 = 0
(b) 4𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 7 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 5 = 0
(c) 𝑦 + 7 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 7 = 0
(d) 𝑥 − 3 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 2 = 0

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 (e) 7𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 2 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 0

(07) The angle between two lines is tan−1 2. If the gradient of one line is 2/3
Find the possible gradients of the other.

(08) Find the equation of the two lines which pass through the point (1, 1) and make an angle of
tan− (1/3) with the line 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 1 = 0

(09) 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is an isosceles triangle in which 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐵𝐴𝑄 = 90°. If A is the point (−2, −4) and 𝐵𝐶
the line whose equation is 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 0, find the equations of the sides 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐴𝐶.

(10) The coordinates of the vertices 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 of a triangle are (3,1), (−2, −1) and (1, 5) respectively.
(a) Find 𝐴𝐵 2 , 𝐴𝐶 2 and 𝐵𝐶 2 and hence show that the triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is acute angled.
(b) Calculate the magnitudes of the angles of the triangle ABC.

(11) The lines 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 and 𝑦 = 2𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 intersect at an angle tan−1(1/4). Find the possible values
of 𝑚.

(12) Find the equations of the two lines through the origin inclined at 45° to the line 2𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 4 = 0.
(13) 𝐴(2,3) and 𝐵(4, −1) are two given points. Find the equation of the line which passes through A, is
inclined at 45° to 𝐴𝐵 and is such that the origin and 𝐵 are on the same side of it.

(14) One vertex of a square is the point (3, −2). If the centre of the square is the point (1,1), find the
equations of the sides of the square.

(15) The vertices 𝐵 and 𝐷 of the rhombus 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 have coordinates (3,0) and (−1,2). Given that 𝐴𝐶 =
2𝐵𝐷, find the equations of the sides of the rhombus.

(16) In each of the following find the perpendicular distance of the point A from the line 𝑙;
(a) 𝐴(3.2); 𝑙 = 3𝑥 + 4𝑦— 2 = 0 (b) 𝐴(−5,7); 𝑙 = 3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 8 = 0
(c) 𝐴(−2, −6); 𝑙 = 𝑥 + 7𝑦— 6 = 0 (d) 𝐴(−4,11); 𝑙 = 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 5
(e) 𝐴(𝑎. 2𝑎); 𝑙 = 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 6𝑎 = 0 (f) 𝐴(−3𝑡, 𝑡); ; 𝑙 = 7𝑥 − 24𝑦 = 5𝑡

(17) Find the area of each of the triangles whose vertices are given below
(a) (2,1), (−4, −3), (3,4) (b) (2, −2), (−4,3), (−6,4)
(c) (−3. −2), (4,3), (5, −1) (d) (𝑡, 2𝑡), (2𝑡, −3𝑡), (4𝑡, 5𝑡)
(e) (3,5), (−2,1), (1,3) (f) (𝑎, 𝑏), (3𝑎, — 𝑏), (— 2𝑎, 3𝑏)

(18) Find the distance between the following pairs of parallel lines:
(a) 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 2 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 8 = 0

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 (b) 2𝑥 − 5𝑦 − 𝑙7 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 12𝑥— 5𝑦 + 22 = 0
(c) 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 8 = 0
(d) 7𝑥 − 𝑦 + 27 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 7𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2 = 0

(19) Show that the four lines 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑎 = 0, 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑏 = 0, 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑎 = 0 and 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑏 = 0 form the

sides of a square and find the length of a side.

(20) If the lines 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2 = 0, 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 10 = 0, 7𝑥 + 𝑦 + 4 = 0, 7𝑥 + 𝑦 + 4𝑝 = 0 form the sides of a

rhombus, find the possible values of p.

(21) 𝐴(2,3), 𝐵(−1,4) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶(3,0) are three given points. Find the locus of a point 𝑃 which moves so that
the area of the triangle PAB is equal to the area of the triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶
SET 02

(01) Given that 𝐴 = (1,2) , 𝐵 = (6,12) Find the coordinates of the

1. Mid point
2. The Point which divides 𝐴𝐵 to the ratio 2: 3 internally and externally.

(02) Find the coordinates of the centre of the triangle 𝐴(𝑥𝐴 , 𝑦𝐴 ) , 𝐵(𝑥𝐵 , 𝑦𝐵 ) , 𝐶(𝑥𝐶 , 𝑦𝐶 )

(03) 𝑃, 𝑄, 𝑅, 𝑆 are the mid points of the 𝐴𝐵, 𝐵𝐶, 𝐶𝐷 and 𝐷𝐴 of the quadrilateral 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷. Show that 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆
is a parallelogram.

(04) Find the area of the triangle for the vertices given 𝐴(𝑥𝐴 , 𝑦𝐴 ) , 𝐵(𝑥𝐵 , 𝑦𝐵 ) , 𝐶(𝑥𝐶 , 𝑦𝐶 )

(05) Find the intercepts on the 𝑥 axes and 𝑦 axes by the line 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 5 = 0

(06) Find the equation of the straight line which passes through the point (2,3) and making equal
interrupt on the axes.

(07) Find the perpendicular distance to the line 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 15 = 0 from the origin and the angles makes
with the positive side of the 𝑥 axes.

(08) Find the perpendicular distance to the lines

1. 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 15 = 0 2. 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 15 = 0 3. 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 15 = 0
4. 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 15 = 0 5. 5𝑥 − 12𝑦 − 13 = 0 6. 5𝑥 + 12𝑦 + 13 = 0
7. 12𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 13 = 0 8. 12𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 13 = 0

(09) Given that 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 5 = 0 Find,

1. The gradient and intercept of the line
2. Intercept on the axes
3. The distance from the origin and the angle made by the positive side of the 𝑥 axes
4. Express a point on the line

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(10) State any point on the line which passes through (1,2) with the gradient 2 parametric form.

(11) Find the coordinates of the points on the line 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1 = 0 with distance 3√2 from the point (1,2)
on the above line.

(12) Find the equation of the line which passes through

1. (−2,4) , (1, −1) 2. (sin2 𝛼 , cos 2 𝛼)(cos2 𝛼 , sin2 𝛼)
3. 5 3 1 3 4. 𝑎−𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏
( , ) (− , − ) ( , )( , )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

(13) Show that Show that (2,11) is a point on the line 5𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1 = 0 and (2,7) is not on the above line.
(14) Find the acute angle between 3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 4 = 0 and 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 7 = 0

(15) Find the equation of parallel lines to the line 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4 = 0 through the points
1 (1 , 2) 2 (3 , 5) 3 (−2 , 7) 4 (−1 , 4) 5 (5 , −2)

(16) Find the equation of the perpendicular lines to the line 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 1 = 0 through the points
1 (−3 , −4) 2 (1 , 1) 3 (5 , 4) 4 (−5 , −7) 5 (3 , 2)

(17) Find the acute angle between the following two straight lines
1. 𝑦 − √3𝑥 = 3 and 𝑥 − √3𝑦 = 1
2. 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 1 and 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0
3. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 4 = 0 and 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2 = 0
4. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 4 = 0 and 7𝑥 + 𝑦 − 8 = 0
5. 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1 = 0 and 3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2 = 0

1+𝑚′
(18) If the angle between 𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) and 𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 𝑚′(𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) ; 𝑚 ≠ 𝑚′ prove that 𝑚 = 1−𝑚′
1−𝑚′
or 𝑚 = 1+𝑚′

(19) Find the angle between 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 + 𝑐1 = 0 and 𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 + 𝑐2 = 0

(20) Find the equations of the straight lines passes through (5, −8) parallel and perpendicular to the
line 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 1 = 0

(21) Given that the coordinates of the points 𝑃, 𝐴 and 𝐵 (−4 , 7) , (1 , 2) and (−2 , −4) respectively. Find
the equation of the straight lines which passes through 𝑃 parallel 𝐴𝐵

(22) Find the equation of the straight line perpendicular to the line 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 6 = 0 through the point
(7, −3)

(23) 𝐴𝐵𝐶is a triangle where the angle 𝐵 is a right angle. 𝐵 ≡ (2 , −1) and the side 𝐵𝐶 on the line 𝑦 −
3𝑥 + 7 = 0. Find the equation of the straight line 𝐴𝐵

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(24) The coordinates of the points 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 (1 , 4) , (3 , 0) and (4 , 1) respectively. Find the equations
of the perpendicular bisectors of the lines 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐵𝐶. Find the coordinates of the circum centre of
the triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶.
(25) The equation of the sides 𝐵𝐶, 𝐶𝐴 and 𝐴𝐵 of the triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 are3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 5 = 0 , 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1 = 0
and 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3 = 0
1. Find the coordinates of the points 𝐴, 𝐵
2. Find the equations of the lines perpendicular to 𝐵𝐶 through 𝐴 and parallel to 𝐶𝐴 through 𝐵.
3. Two lines perpendicular to 𝐵𝐶 through 𝐴 and parallel to 𝐶𝐴 through 𝐵 met at 𝐷. Find the
coordinates of 𝐷 and equations of the line passes through the origin and 𝐷.

(26) Find the equations of the lines which passes through the intersection point of 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = 0 and
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 2 = 0 and perpendicular to the line 𝑦 + 2𝑥 − 1 = 0
(27) Find the equations of the lines which passes through the intersection point of 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 2 = 0 and
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 4 = 0 and with the intercept −6

(28) Find the equations of the line passes through the intersection of 3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2 = 0 and 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 1 =
0 and parallel to the line 𝑥 − 7𝑦 − 14 = 0

(29) The four side of a parallelogram are −𝑦 − 2 = 0 , 𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 4 = 0 , 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1 = 0 and 𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 3 =

0 respectevely. Find the equations of the diagonals without finding the coordinates of the vertices.

(30) Show that 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 + 𝜆(𝑎′𝑥 + 𝑏′𝑦 + 𝑐′) = 0 any straight line passes through the intersection of
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 and 𝑎′ 𝑥 + 𝑏 ′ 𝑦 + 𝑐 ′ = 0.

Find the equations of the sides 𝐵𝐶, 𝐶𝐴 and 𝐴𝐵 of a triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 are 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 5 = 0 , 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1 =
0 and 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3 = 0 respectively. The line passes through 𝐴 perpendicular to 𝐵𝐶 meets the line
passes through 𝐵 perpendicular to 𝐶𝐴 at 𝐷. Find the equations of the lines which passes through 𝐷
and the origin without finding the coordinates

(31) The coordinates of the points 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 are (1 , 4) , (3 , 5) and (4 , 1) respectively. The line 𝑥 − 2𝑦 +
1 = 0 meets 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐴𝐶 at 𝑃 and 𝑄. If 𝐵𝑄 , 𝐶𝑃 meet at 𝑅, Find the equations of the line 𝐴𝐵.
(01) Find equation of the line parallel to the line 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 2 = 0 and passing through the point (−2,3).
(02) Find equation of the line perpendicular to the line 𝑥 − 7𝑦 + 5 = 0 and having 𝑥 intercept 3.
(03) Find angles between the lines √3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1 and 𝑥 + √3𝑦 = 1.
(04) The line between the points (ℎ, 3) and (4,1) intersects the line 7𝑥 − 9𝑦 − 19 = 0. at right angle.
Find the value of ℎ.
(05) Prove that the line through the point (𝑥1 . 𝑦1 ) and parallel to the line 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 + 𝐶 = 0 is
𝐴(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) + 𝐵(𝑦 − 𝑦1 ) = 0
(06) Two lines passing through the point (2,3) intersects each other at an angle of 60°. If slope of one
line is 2, find equation of the other line.
(07) Find the equation of the right bisector of the line segment joining the points (3, 4) and (−1,2).

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(08) Find the coordinates of the foot of perpendicular from the point (−1,3) to the line 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 16 =
0.
(09) The perpendicular from the origin to the line 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 meets at the point (−1,2). Find the values
of m and 𝑐.
(10) 𝑝 and 𝑞 are the lengths of perpendiculars from the origin to the lines 𝑥 cos 𝜃 − 𝑦 sin 𝜃 =
𝑘 cos 𝜃 and 𝑥 sec 𝜃 + 𝑦 cosec 𝜃 = 𝑘, respectively, prove that 𝑝2 + 4𝑞 2 = 𝑘 2 .
(11) In the triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 with vertices 𝐴 (2, 3), 𝐵 (4, −1) and 𝐶 (1, 2), find the equation and length of
altitude from the vertex 𝐴.
(12) If 𝑝 is the length of perpendicular from the origin to the line whose intercepts on the axes are 𝑎
1 1 1
and 𝑏, then show that = +
𝑝2 𝑎2 𝑏2

(13) If the lines 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3 = 0 , 5𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 − 3 = 0 and 3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2 = 0 are concurrent, find the value of

𝑘.
(14) Find the value of 𝑘 for which the line (𝑘 − 3)𝑥 − (4 − 𝑘 2 ) 𝑦 + 𝑘 2 − 7𝑘 + 6 = 0 is
(a) Parallel to the 𝑥 − axis.
(b) Parallel to the 𝑦 − axis.
(c) Passing through the origin

(15) Find the value of 𝜃 and 𝑝 if the equation 𝑥 cos 𝜃 + 𝑦 sin 𝜃 = 𝑝 is the normal form of the line √3𝑥 +
𝑦 + 2 = 0.
(16) Find the equations of the lines which cut-off intercepts on the axes whose sum and product are 1
and −6 respectively.
𝑥 𝑦
(17) What are the points on the 𝑦 −axis whose distance from the line + = 1 is 4 units.
3 4
(18) Find perpendicular distance from the origin of the line joining the points (cos 𝜃 , sin 𝜃) and
(cos 𝜑 , sin 𝜑).
(19) Find the equation of the line parallel to 𝑦 −axis and drawn through the point of intersection of the
lines 𝑥 − 7𝑦 + 5 = 0 and 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑂.
𝑥 𝑦
(20) Find the equation of the line drawn perpendicular to the line + = 1 through the point, where
4 6
it meets the 𝑦 −axis.
(21) Find the area of the triangle formed by the lines 𝑦 − 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 and 𝑥 − 𝑘 = 0.
(22) Find the value of 𝑝 so that the three lines 3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2 = 0, 𝑝𝑥 + 2 𝑦 − 3 = 0 and 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 3 = 0
may intersect at one point.
(23) If three lines whose equations are 𝑦 = 𝑚1 𝑥 + 𝑐1 , 𝑦 = 𝑚2 𝑥 + 𝑐2 and 𝑦 = 𝑚3 𝑥 + 𝑐3 are concurrent,
then show that 𝑚1 (𝑐2 − 𝑐3 ) + 𝑚2 (𝑐3 − 𝑐1 ) + 𝑚3 (𝑐1 − 𝑐2 ) = 0.

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(24) Find the equation of the lines through the point (3, 2) which make an angle of 450 with the line:𝑥 −
2𝑦 = 3
(25) Find the equation of the line passing through the point of intersection of the lines 4𝑥 + 7𝑦 − 3 = 0
and 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 1 = 0 that has equal intercepts on the axes.
(26) Show that the equation of the line passing through the origin and making an angle 𝜃 with the line
𝑦 𝑚±tan 𝜃
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 is = .
𝑥 1±𝑚 tan 𝜃

(27) In what ratio, the line joining (−1,1) and (5,7) is divided by the line +𝑦 = 4 ?
(28) Find the distance of the line 4𝑥 + 7𝑦 + 5 = 0 from the point (1,2) along the line 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0
(29) Find the direction in which a straight line must be drawn through the point (−1,2) so that its point
of intersection with the line 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4 may be at a distance of 3 units from this point.
(30) The hypotenuse of a right angled triangle has its ends at the points (1,3) and (−4,1). Find the
equation of the legs (perpendicular sides) of the triangle.
(31) If the lines 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 1 and 2𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3 are equally inclined to the line 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 4, find the value
of 𝑚.
(32) If sum of the perpendicular distances of a variable point 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) from the line 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5 = 0 and
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 7 = 0 is always 10, show that 𝑃 must move on a line.
(33) Find equation of the line which is equidistant from parallel lines 9𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 7 = 0 and 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 +
6 = 0.
(34) A ray of light passing through the point (1,2) reflects on the 𝑥 −axis at point 𝐴 and the reflected
ray passes through the point (5,3). Find the coordinates of 𝐴.
(35) Prove that the product of the lengths of the perpendiculars drawn from the points (√𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 , 0)
𝑥 𝑦
and (−√𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 , 0) to the line cos 𝜃 + sin 𝜃 = 1 is 𝑏 2 .
𝑎 𝑏
(36) A person standing at the junction (crossing) of two straight paths represented by the equations
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4 = 0 and 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 5 = 0 wants to reach the path whose equation is 6𝑠 − 7𝑦 + 8 = 0
in the least time. Find equation of the path that he should follow.

SET 03
(1) Find the equations of the following straight line.
i. Straight line of gradient 3 and passing through the point (2 , 4)
ii. Straight line of gradient −2 and passing through the point (0 , −3)
iii. Straight line through the points (−2 , −3) and (2 , 5)
iv. Straight line through the points (3 , 4) and (2 , −2)
v. Straight line with intercepts 2 and gradient 3
1
vi. Straight line with intercepts −3 and gradient 2
vii. Straight line with intercepts 4 and −1 on the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes respectively.
viii. Straight line with intercepts 2 and 1/5 on the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes respectively.
Wasantha Dissanayake | straight line Page 7
 ix. Straight line to which the perpendicular distance from origin, making an angle of 450 with
the 𝑥 axis, is 5 units
x. Straight line to which the perpendicular distance from origin, making an angle of 1350 with
the 𝑥 axis, is 4 units
xi. Straight line parallel to the 𝑥 axis and intersecting the 𝑦 axis at (0 , 3)
xii. Straight line parallel to the 𝑦 axis and intersecting the 𝑥 axis at (−2 , 0)

(2) Find the gradient and the intercept of the straight line 2𝑦 + 3𝑥 = 1
i. Find the gradient and the intercept of the straight line 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 13 = 0
ii. Find the intercept made on the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes by the line 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 15
iii. Find the intercept made on the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes by the line 7𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 3 = 0
iv. Find the perpendicular distance from the origin to the straight line 𝑥 + √3𝑦 = 6 and the
angle it makes with the 𝑥 axis.
v. Find the perpendicular distance from the origin to the straight line 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1 and the angle
it makes with the 𝑥 axis.
𝑥 𝑦 1
vi. Find the intercept made on the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes by the line + = .
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏 𝑎2 −𝑏2

(3) Derive the equation of the straight line through the point (4 , 3), and sum of whose intercept on
the axes is −1.

(4) Find the points of intersections of the following pairs of straight lines.
(a) 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2 = 0 and 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 5 = 0 (b) 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 and 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 10
(c) 2𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 3 = 0 and 7𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 9 = 0 (d) 6𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 1 = 0 and 6𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3

(5) The straight line AB makes intercepts 𝑎 and 𝑏 respectively on the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes and the straight
line BC makes intercepts 𝑎2 /ℎ and 𝑏 2 /𝑘 respectively on the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes. Write the equations of
the lines AB and BC. These two lines intersect at Q. The point (ℎ , 𝑘) lies on AB. Show that the
equations of the line joining Q to the origin is 𝑘𝑥 + ℎ𝑦 = 0.
(6) Find the equation of the following lines
i. The straight line joining the point of intersections of the lines 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 12 and 2𝑦 = 𝑥 +
5 to the point (1 , 1).
ii. The straight line with gradient 3/2 and passing through the point of intersections of lines
7𝑥 = 3𝑦 + 4 and 4𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 3 = 0.

(7) The two adjacent sides of a parallelogram lie along the lines 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 11 and 2𝑥 − 7𝑦 + 1 = 0.
One diagonal lies along the line 7𝑥 + 𝑦 = 19. Find the coordinates of its vertices.

(8) Show that the following straight lines are concurrent.

i. 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4 = 0 , 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 1 = 0 and 𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 5 = 0
ii. 5𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 16 = 0 , 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 1 = 0 and 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 11 = 0

(9) If the following straight lines are concurrent., find the value of 𝑘for each
i. 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6 , 𝑘𝑥 − 9𝑦 + 4 = 0 and 5𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 13
ii. 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 12 = 0 , 2𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 + 8 = 0 and 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 11 = 0

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(10) If 𝑎′𝑏 ≠ 𝑎𝑏′, show that 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 + 𝑘(𝑎′ 𝑥 + 𝑏 ′ 𝑦 + 𝑐′) = 0denptes a straight line through a fixed
point for every value of 𝑘 which is independent of 𝑥 and 𝑦

(11) The coordinates of the points A,B and C are (1,4)(3,0) and (4,1) respectively. If the straight line𝑥 −
2𝑦 + 1 = 0 meets AB and AC at P and Q respectively, and the lines BQ and CP meets R, find the
equation of AR.

(12) Determine the positions of the points P and Q denoted against each of the following straight lines
i. 5𝑥 − 7𝑦 − 4 = 0 , 𝑃 = (2 , 1) and 𝑄 = (−3 , −1)
ii. 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 2 = 0 , 𝑃 = (−2 , −3) and 𝑄 = (−2 , 7)
iii. 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4 = 0 , 𝑃 = (−1 , 0) and 𝑄 = (5 , 3)
iv. 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 1 = 0 , 𝑃 = (0 , −1) and 𝑄 = (3 , −1)

(13) Find the acute angle between each of the following pairs of straight lines.
i. 3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 7 = 0 and 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 9 = 0
ii. √3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2 = 0 and −𝑥 + √3𝑦 + 9 = 0
iii. 𝑦 = (2 − √3)𝑥 + 5 and 𝑦 = (2 + √3)𝑥 − 2
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
iv. + = 1 and + =1
𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑎

(14) In the triangle ABC, 𝐴 = (−2 , 1) , 𝐵 = (2 , 3) and𝐶 = (−2 , −4) find the value of 𝐴𝐵̂ 𝐶.

(15) Write the equations of the following straight lines.

i. The straight line making an angle of 600 with the line √3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1 and passing through the
point (3 , −2)
ii. The straight line making an angle of 300 with the line √3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2 = 0 and passing through
the point (−1 , 2)

(16) Find the equations of the remaining two sides of the triangle, formed by the two straight lines
through the point (1 , 2) and the given line, making angle 450 with the line 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 2.

(17) In the isosceles triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶. the equations of the line BC is 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 1 = 0 and 𝐴 =
(−1 , 2). If the value of an equal angle is tan−1(1/2), find the area of the triangle.

(18) One vertex of a square is (−1 ,1) and its centre is (1 , 3). Find its other vertices.

(19) Show that the following pairs of straight lines are parallel.
i. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3 and 2𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 0 ii. 5𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 0 and 5𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 1 = 0
iii. 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 1 = 0 and 2𝑦 = 𝑥 iv. 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 5 = 0 and 2𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 1 = 0

(20) Choose the pairs of parallel straight lines from following lines.
𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 2 = 0 , 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1 = 0 , 2𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 5 = 0 , 3𝑦 = 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 3𝑥

(21) Find the value of 𝑘 such that the following pairs of straight lines are parallel.

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 i. 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 1 = 0 and 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3 ii. 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 2 = 0 and 3𝑘𝑥 + 10𝑦 = 5
iii. 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 5 = 0 and 3𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 = 0 iv. 2𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 − 8 = 0 and 2𝑘𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 5 = 0

(22) Write the equations of the following straight lines

i. The straight line parallel to the line 7𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 3 = 0 and passing through the origin.
ii. The straight line parallel to the line 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 5 = 0 and passing through the point (1 , 5).
iii. The straight line parallel to the line 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 6 and passing through the point (−1 , 2).
iv. The straight line parallel to the line 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 5 = 0 and passing through the point (6 , −7)
and 2 , −3.

(23) Find the shortest distance between the following pairs of straight lines.
i. 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 12 and 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 2 ii. 5𝑥 − 12𝑦 + 2 = 0 and 5𝑥 − 12𝑦 + 7 = 0
iii. 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 8 and 6𝑥 − 8𝑦 + 5 = 0 iv. 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 5 = 0 and 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 45 = 0

(24) One of two straight lines makes an angle of 450 with the positive direction of the 𝑥 axis. One line
passes through (6 , 4) and the other line passes through(2 , 3). Show that the perpendicular
distance between the two lines is |4 sin 45 − cos 45|.

(25) Find the equations of straight lines distance 4 units from the line 5𝑥 + 12𝑦 + 26 = 0

(26) The coordinates of the vertices of a parallelogram ABCD are 𝐴(0,3) , 𝐵(4,0) and 𝐶(6, 1/2). Find the
equations of sides of the parallelogram, formed by the lines distance two units outside every side
of the parallelogram.
(27) ABC is an isosceles triangle in which 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶. The equations of sides AB and BC are 2𝑥 − 𝑦 =
0and 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 1 = 0 respectevely. Show that the side AC is parallel to the line 2𝑥 + 11𝑦 = 0.

(28) The equations of sides AB and CB of a rhombus OACB are 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 + 1 = 0and 𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 + 1 =

0 respectevely. If O is the origin, prove that 𝑎12 + 𝑏12 = 𝑎22 + 𝑏22 .

(29) A variable line through (1,1) meets the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes at P and Q respectively. Lines drawn through
P and Q parallel to 𝑦 and 𝑥 axes respectively meet at 𝑅. Show that the locus of R is 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0

(30) Prove that the two straight lines 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐1 = 0 and 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑎𝑦 + 𝑐2 = 0 are perpendicular to each
other

(31) Choose the perpendicular pairs of straight lines from the following
i. 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 5 = 0 and 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0
ii. 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 1 = 0 and 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 1 = 0
iii. 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 5 and 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 7
iv. 5𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 6 and 5𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 1
v. 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 3 = 0 and −3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3 = 0

(32) Write the equations of the following straight lines

i. Straight line through the origin, perpendicular to the line 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 1
ii. Straight line through the point (−1 , 3), perpendicular to the line 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 1 = 0

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 iii. Straight line through the mid-point of the joining the two points (2,7) and (−4 , 1),
perpendicular to the line 5𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 7
iv. The perpendicular bisector of the line joining the two points (1 ,1) and (2 , 3)

(33) Find the values of 𝑘 for which each of the following pairs of straight lines are perpendicular to each
other.
i. 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1 = 0 and 𝑘𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3 = 0 ii. 𝑘𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 1 and 5𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0
iii. 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 5 = 0 and 𝑘𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1 iv. 𝑘𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 1 and 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0

(34) The straight line 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 24 meets the 𝑦 and 𝑥 axes at A and B respectively. The straight line
parallel to the 𝑥 axis through (1, −1) meets the perpendicular bisector of AB at C.
i. Show that 𝐴𝐶̂ 𝐵 is right angle
ii. If 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a square, find the coordinates of D

(35) 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is a triangle in the first quadrant. The coordinates of the points A and B are (1,5) and (3,4)
1
respectively and the equation of the side AC is 2𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 23 = 0. The area of the triangle is 4 2
square units, Find
i. the equations of the sides AB and BC.
ii. the value of 𝐵𝐴̂𝐶
iii. the coordinates of the other centre of the triangle.

(36) The coordinates of the vertices A,B and C of a triangle ABC are (1,3) , (5,3) and (4,6) respectively.
Its curcumcentre, Orthocentre and the centroid are O,H and G respectively. Show that G divides
the line OH in the ratio 1: 2.

(37) The equation of the side BC, CA and AB of a triangle are 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 5 = 0, 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1 = 0 and 𝑥 +
2𝑦 − 5 = 0 respectively. The line through A perpendicular to BC cuts the line through B parallel to
CA at D. Find the equations of the line joining CD to the origin.

(38) The equation of the sides of a triangle are 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = 0, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 1 = 0 and 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = 0 Show

that coordinates of the orthocentre of the triangle are (1,1).

(39) The vertex A of a triangle ABC is (1,2) and its orthocentre is the origin. The equation of the
perpendicular from B to CA is 𝑦 = 𝑥. If the side BC passes through the point (−2 , −1), find the
coordinates of the centroid of the triangle.

(40) The equation of the sides AB and AC of a triangle ABC are 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 1 = 0 and 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 1 = 0 The
mid-point of BC is (−2 , −2).
i. Find the equations of the line BC
ii. Find the area of the triangle ABC

(41) The vertices A and C of a rhombus ABCD lie on 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 and the vertices B and D lie on 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0
and 5𝑥 − 𝑦 + 9 = 0 respectively. AB is parallel to the line 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0 and BC is parallel to the line
𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 0. Find the equations of the sides of the rhombus.

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(42) The equation of the altitudes AD,BE and CF of a triangle ABC are 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 , 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 and 2𝑥 −
𝑦 = 0 respectively. If the coordinates of the A is (𝑡, −𝑡), find the coordinates of B and C. Show also
that the locus of the centroid of the triangle ABC as t varies is 𝑥 + 15𝑦 = 0.

(43) The coordinates of the centre and a vertex of a square are (2, −1) and (−1 ,1) respectively. Find
the coordinates of its other vertices.

(44) The vertices of a triangle lie on the lines 𝑦 = 𝑥 , 𝑦 = 2𝑥 and𝑦 = 3𝑥 respectively. Its orthocentre is
the origin and its centroid lies on the line 3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 6 = 0. Find the equations of the sides of the
triangle and its centroid.

(45) The coordinates of the vertices A and C of a rectangle ABCD are (2, 3) and (9, 4) respectively. If the
diagonal BD is perpendicular to the line 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0, find the coordinates of its other vertices of the
rectangle, AEFC is a rhombus. If its area is five times the area of ABCD, show that the length of the
diagonal EF is 15√2.

(46) ABCD is a rhombus. The diagonal AC is 4𝑦 − 3𝑥 = 1 , 𝐵 = (9 , −11/2) and the length of AC is 15

units. Find the coordinates of A and C. If there exist a triangle APC equal in area to the rhombus
ABCD, show that the locus of P is a pair of straight lines.
(47) Find the perpendicular distance from the origin to the straight line 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 5 = 0
Find the perpendicular distance from the point (1, 2) to the straight line 12𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 4 = 0
Find the perpendicular distance from the point (1, −1) to the straight line 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 0
Find the perpendicular distance from the point (3, 2) to the straight line 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0

(48) Find the perpendicular distance from the point (2, −3) to the straight line 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 3 = 0 and the
coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular.

(49) If the perpendicular distance from the point (4, 1) to the straight line 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 𝜆 = 0 is four units,
find the value of 𝜆.

(50) Find the perpendicular distance from the point (4, −7) to the line joining the point of intersection
of the lines 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 14 = 0 and 5𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 7 = 0 and the origin.

(51) The coordinates of the vertices of a triangle are (0 ,0), (1 , −1) and (3 ,2). Find the lengths of their
altitudes.

(52) The distance from the origin to a straight line through (−1 , 2) is one unit, find the equation of that
line.

(53) Find the equations of the bisectors of the angles between the following pairs of lines.
i. 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 12 = 0 and 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 23 = 0
ii. 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 7 = 0 and 12𝑥 − 5𝑦 − 8 = 0
iii. 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 2 = 0 and 5𝑥 − 12𝑦 + 2 = 0

(54) Find the equations of the bisectors of the acute angle between the following pairs of lines.

Wasantha Dissanayake | straight line Page 12

 i. 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 11 = 0 and 12𝑥 − 5𝑦 − 2 = 0
ii. 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 4 = 0 and 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 10 = 0
iii. 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 0 and 5𝑥 − 12𝑦 = 0
iv. 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 2 = 0 and 12𝑥 − 5𝑦 − 8 = 0

(55) The vertices of the triangle ABC are (0 ,0) , (4 ,0) and (0 , 3). Find the equations of the interior
angles of the triangle.

(56) Find the coordinates of the in centre of the triangle formed by the lines
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3 = 4 , 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 8 = 0 and 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 12 = 0

(57) The equations of the sides AB of the triangle ABC is 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 5 = 0 and the equations of the
bisectors of 𝐴𝐵̂ 𝐶 is 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0. Find the equations of the side AC. If the origin is the in centre of the
triangle and if the side BC is parallel to the line 11𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0. Find the equations of the side BC.

(58) The equations of the sides AB, BC and CA of the triangle ABC are 𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 14 , 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0 and 7𝑥 +
𝑦 = 11 respectively. Find the centre of the ex – circle opposite to the opposite to the vertex A and
the in - circle of the triangle.

(59) Find the equations of the bisector of the angle between the two straight lines 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 6 = 0 and
5𝑥 + 12𝑦 + 9 = 0 containing the origin.

(60) Find the equations of the bisectors of the acute angle between the two straight lines 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2 = 0
and 𝑥 − 7𝑦 − 6 = 0. Show also that the point (3 , 1) does not lie within the obtuse angle between
the two straight lines.

SET 04
1. The straight line 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 intersects the two non-parallel straight lines 𝑢1 ≡ 𝑦 − 𝑚1 𝑥 − 𝑐1 = 0 and
𝑢12 ≡ 𝑦 − 𝑚2 𝑥 − 𝑐2 = 0 at 𝐴 and 𝐵 respectively. 𝑅 is a point on 𝐴𝐵 such that 𝐴𝑅 = 𝑘𝑅𝐵. Show that the
equation of the straight line joining 𝑅 to the point of intersection
𝑘(𝑚−𝑚1 )
of 𝑢1 = 0 and 𝑢2 = 0 is 𝑢1 + 𝑢 =0 .
(𝑚−𝑚2 ) 2

The sides 𝐴𝐵, 𝐵𝐶, 𝐶𝐴 of a triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 lie along the lines 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 6 = 0, 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2 = 0, 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3 = 0
respectively. 𝑅 is a point on 𝐴𝐵 and 𝑄 is a point on 𝐴𝐶 such that 2𝐴𝑅 = 𝑅𝐵 and 3𝐴𝑄 = 2𝑄𝐶.

(i) Find the coordinates of 𝐴.

(ii) Write the equations of the lines 𝐵𝑄 and 𝐶𝑅.
(iii) If 𝐵𝑄 and 𝐶𝑅 meet at 𝐷 and 𝑃 is the point of intersection of 𝐴𝐷 and 𝐵𝐶, find the ratio 𝐴𝑃: 𝑃𝐵.
2. 𝑢1 ≡ 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 + 𝑐1 = 0 and 𝑢2 ≡ 𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 + 𝑐2 = 0 are two given non-parallel straight lines. Show
that for every value of λ, the straight line 𝑢1 + 𝜆𝑢2 = 0 passes through a fixed point.

The equations of the perpendiculars drawn through 𝐵, 𝐶 to the opposite sides of a triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 are 𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 5 = 0
and 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3 = 0 respectively. If the coordinates of 𝐴 are taken as (𝑘, −𝑘), find the equations of the lines 𝐴𝐵
and 𝐴𝐶, and the coordinates of 𝐵 and 𝐶 in terms of 𝑘.

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 Prove that as 𝑘 varies, the centroid of the triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 lies on the line 𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 4 = 0.

3. Two sides of a parallelogram are given by the equations 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2 and 4𝑦 = 𝑥 + 4. The diagonals of the
parallelogram intersect at the origin. Obtain
(i) The equations of the remaining sides of the parallelogram,

and (ii) The equations of its diagonals.

Also, find the area of the parallelogram.

4. Let 𝑢 and 𝑣 are two parallel lines passing through the points 𝐴 ≡ (5,0) and 𝐵 ≡ (−5,0) respectively. Let the
line 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 25 meet 𝑢 at 𝑃 and 𝑣 at 𝑄.
If the length of 𝑃𝑄 is 5 units, Show that there are two possibilities for the pair of parallel lines 𝑢 and 𝑣.

Write down the equations of all four lines determined.

Find the equation of the diagonals of the parallelogram formed by these two lines.
Also, find the area of the above parallelogram.

5. The vertices 𝐵 and 𝐶 of a triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 lie on the line 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 0 and the 𝑥-axis respectively. The side 𝐵𝐶
2 2
passes through ( , ) and has slope 𝑚.
3 3
(i) Find the coordinates of 𝐵 and 𝐶 in terms of 𝑚.

10(𝑚−1) 2(𝑚−1)
(ii) Show that 𝑂𝐵 = | | an𝑑 𝑂𝐶 = | 3𝑚
|, where 𝑂 is the origin.
3(3𝑚−4)

(iii) If 𝐴𝐵𝑂𝐶 is a rhombus, find the two possible values of 𝑚, and the corresponding coordinates of 𝐴.
6. Let 𝐴𝐵𝐶 be a triangle such that 𝐴 ≡ (2, 4) and 𝐵 and 𝐶 lie on the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1. A line 𝑙, drawn parallel to
𝐵𝐶 cuts 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐴𝐶 at 𝐷 and 𝐸 respectively such that the areas of the triangles 𝐴𝐵𝐶 and 𝐴𝐷𝐸 are in the ratio
9: 4. Let 𝐺 be the foot of the perpendicular from 𝐴 to 𝑙 and 𝑀 be the mirror image of 𝐺 in the line 𝐴𝐵.
(i) Find the coordinates of 𝐺 and the equation of 𝑙.

(ii) Show that 𝐴𝑀 = 𝐴𝐺.

Hence or otherwise, prove that, as the point 𝐵 moves along the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1, the point 𝑀 moves on a circle which
√2
has the centre at 𝐴 and the radius 3
.

7. (a) Obtain the equations of the bisectors 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 of the angles between the straight lines given by 𝑦 =
𝑚1 𝑥 + 𝑐1 and 𝑦 = 𝑚2 𝑥 + 𝑐2 , where 𝑚1 ≠ 𝑚2 .
Hence, verify that 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 are perpendicular.

(b) Let 𝐴𝐵𝐶 be a triangle such that the base 𝐵𝐶 moves along the 𝑥-axis in the positive direction, 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐴
lies above the 𝑥-axis. The area of the triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is 9 square units and the length of the side 𝐵𝐶 is 6 units.
Also, let 𝐵 ≡ (𝑏, 0).
(i) Find the equations of the sides 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐴𝐶.
(ii) Using the equations of the angle bisectors obtained in (a) above, find the equations of the internal bisectors
of the angles 𝐵 and 𝐶 of the triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶.
𝜋
Hence, find the value of tan ( 8 ).

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 (iii) Verify that the three internal bisectors of the angles of the triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 meet at a point and determine its
locus.
8. (a)Show that the equation of the bisectors of the angle between the straight lines 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 + 𝑐1 = 0 and
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 + 𝑐2 = 0 are
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 + 𝑐1 𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 + 𝑐2
=± .
2
√𝑎1 + 𝑏1 2 √𝑎22 + 𝑏22
(b) The equation of a straight line through a point (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 ) is given in the parametric form
𝑥−𝑥0 𝑦−𝑦0
= = 𝑡, where 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 1 and 𝑡 is a parameter.
𝑎 𝑏

Show that |𝑡| is th distance from the point (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 ) to the point (𝑥 , 𝑦) measured along the line.
(c) 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a rhombus that entirely lies in the first quadrant. The equation of 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐴𝐷 are 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 5 = 0 and
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1 = 0 respectively. The angle 𝐵𝐴𝐷 is acute and 𝐴𝐶 = 2√2. Using parts (a) and (b) or otherwise,
find equation of 𝐴𝐶 and the two remaining sides of the rhombus.
If 𝐸 is the point of intersection of the diagonals of the rhombus, find the length of 𝐷𝐸 and hence, find the area
of the rhombus.
9. Find the equation of the straight line parallel to the straight line 3𝑦 + 2𝑥 + 5 = 0, and passing
through the point that divides the straight line joining the points (2, 3) and (-1, 2) externally in
the ratio 3 : 2.

3
10. A curve is given by 𝑥 = 3𝑡 , 𝑦 = 𝑡 where 𝑡 is a non-zero parameter. Show that the equation of the
3
tangent to the curve at the point (3𝑡, 𝑡 ) is 𝑥 + 𝑡 2 𝑦 = 6𝑡
Deduce that, as 𝑡 varies, the area of the triangular region bounded by the coordinate axes and this
tangent is a constant.
11. Show that the equation of the two straight lines drawn through the origin perpendicular to each
other so form an isosceles right angled triangle with the straight line 𝑙𝑥 + 𝑚𝑦 + 1 = 0 are
(𝑙 − 𝑚)𝑥 + (𝑙 + 𝑚)𝑦 = 0 and (𝑙 + 𝑚)𝑥 − (𝑙 − 𝑚)𝑦 = 0.
12. Let 𝑙 be the straight line passing through the points (4,0) and (0,2) and 𝑚 be the straight line
passing through the points (2,0)and (0,3). Find the equations of the straight lines 𝑙and 𝑚. Hence
find the equations of the straight line through the origin and the point of intersection of 𝑙and 𝑚.
13. Find the equations of the bisector of the angles between non parallel straight lines 𝑙1 ≡ 𝑎1 𝑥 +
𝑏1 𝑦 + 𝑐1 = 0and 𝑙2 ≡ 𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 + 𝑐2 = 0.
Show that the bisector of the acute angle between two straight lines given by 2𝑥 − 11𝑦 − 10 =
0 and 10𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 2 = 0 is the bisector of the obtuse angle between two straight lines given by
4𝑥 − 7𝑦 − 8 = 0and 8𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4 = 0.
3
14. The image of the point (3,1) on the straight line 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑎 = 0 is the point ( , 𝑏), where 𝑎 and
5
𝑏 are constant. Find the value of 𝑎 and 𝑏. A(3,1)

l: x+2y+a=0

B(3/5,b)

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 15. Let 𝐶 be the curve given by 𝑥 = 2 cos 𝜃 , 𝑦 =
sin 𝜃, where 𝜃 is a parameter. The normal to
the curve 𝐶 at the point corresponding to 𝜃 =
𝜋/4 meets the curve 𝐶 again at the point
corresponding to 𝜃 = 𝛼. Show that 2 sin 𝛼 −
8 cos 𝛼 + 3√2 = 0.
16. Let 𝐶 be the curve given by 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡 , 𝑦 = 𝑒𝑡 −
𝑒 −𝑡 , where 𝑡 is a real parameter. Find 𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥 in
terms of 𝑡 and show that the equation of the
tangent line at the point on 𝐶 corresponding to 𝑡 = ln 2 is 5𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 8 = 0.

17. Let 𝜆 ∈ ℝ and 𝜆 ≠ ±1. The area of the region enclosed by the coordinate axes and the straight
line (1 + 𝜆)𝑥 − 2(1 − 𝜆)𝑦 − 2(1 − 𝜆) = 0 is 4 square units. Find the values of 𝜆.
18. Let𝑙1 and 𝑙2 be the straight lines given by 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 and 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 4 respectively. Show that the
3
acuteangle between 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 is tan−1 (4), and find the equation of the bisector of this angle.

Let 𝐴be the point of intersection of 𝑙1 and 𝑙2 , and let 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 5}.
Find the coordinates of the point A and shade the region R in the 𝑥𝑦-plane.

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