Earth and Life Science

Subject Teacher: Mr. Glendor Rowell D. Tan

Lesson 2. PART 2
Earth and Life Science

The solar system came into being about 4.5billion years ago, in the cloud of interstellar gas
and dusk collapse resulting in a Solar Nebula a swirling disk material that collided to form the solar
system.

The Solar System is located at the Milky way Orion Spur cluster.

Our Sun - host eight planets, this eight planets revolves around the sun.

 Two Planetary Categories (depending on the planets composition)

a. Terrestrial - INNER SOLAR SYSTEM (Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars) Made up of rocky
material. Their surfaces are solid. They don't have rings. They have very few or no moons.
Relatively small planets.
b. Jovian - OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM, has multiple moons, has supporting ring systems, has no
solid surface, and is immense in size.

2 types of Jovian Planets includes the following:

* Gas Giants - Jupiter and Saturn (Predominantly made of Helium and Hydrogen).
* Ice Giants - Uranus and Neptune (Contains rocks, ice, and mixture of water, methane, and
ammonia)
TERRESTRIAL PLANETS

Mercury - the smallest planet, passing in front of the sun. has the shortest orbit in the solar system by
three earth months.

Venus - the hottest planet. Temperatures reaching 867 °F degrees (Fahrenheit) or 463.889 °C (Celsius)
due to the atmosphere of carbon dioxide and extensive lava flow. Also known as world of fire.

Earth - Only known planet that is able to support life due to its water systems

Mars - Might have supported life about 3.7 Billion years ago (in which Mars have a watery surface and
moist atmosphere about 3.7 billion years ago).

JOVIAN PLANETS

Jupiter - The largest planet in the solar system.

Saturn - Second largest planet.

Uranus - Slightly bigger ice giant planet and its famous for rotating on its side.

Neptune - The outer most planet in the solar system, it is about 4.5 billion kilometers or 2.8 billion miles
from the sun. One of the coldest planet temperature about -353°F or  -213.9°C

STARS/SUN
- Millions or Billions of years old, are all born in Nebula (Nebula- are clouds of dust and mostly
hydrogen gas) (Nebula is also known as stellar nurseries where star is born).

Proto Stars - the beginning life of a star (also called hot core). Hot core is formed by the collection of
dust and gas. As the proto star become hotter hydrogen nuclei inside the core begins to fuse and create
helium - this chemical reaction known as THERMONUCLEAR FUSION generates a stars heat and energy
that causes the star to shine.

A star fuel is its hydrogen fuel which determines the stars luminosity and the stars temperature
Star Classifications:
1. Spectral Classes (a star surface temperature)

2.Luminosity Classes - stars are also classified by the amount of light they emit.

BLACK HOLE - is created by a star that is 3times the size of our star mass collapse into them selves
thus create a Black Hole.
BLACK HOLE is a bottomless space of gravity that engulfs all in matter

Nebula (Latin for 'cloud' or 'fog. nebulae) is a distinct body of interstellar clouds (which can

consist of cosmic dust, hydrogen, helium, molecular clouds; possibly as ionized gases).

 Edwin Hubble discovered that most nebulae are associated with stars and illuminated by
starlight. He also helped categorize nebulae based on the type of light spectra they produced.
 Most nebulae are of vast size; some are hundreds of light-years in diameter.