(01)34– -

. .

:
:

:
Abstract:
We aim in this working paper to clarify the general framework of technological innovation in
companies in terms of concept and importance, determine its kinds, factors affecting it and its
main sources, and addressing the study of the degrees of risk related to technological innovation.
Technological innovation is the process of coordination and integration between the various
activities of the company so as to create new ideas and methods of work and to embody them on
the ground to a new product or the development of the current product, the introduction of a new
production process or the development of the current process of production to satisfy the needs
and desires of customers constantly changing.
Technological innovation is influenced by a lot of factors, mainly: technology, research and
development, and innovation strategy. What should be noted is that this kind of innovation is
achieved with providing a variety of sources, including: unforeseen events, production process
requirements, changes in industry or market, population changes, and new knowledge.
Keywords: technology innovation, technology, product innovation, process innovation.
-1

.1

280
(01)34– -

-2
-

-
-

-3
-
-
-
-
-4
.
-

.
(Leavitt & Whisler, 1958)

Technological ) . (Innovation)
(Originality) (Newness) (Fulmer, 1974) (Innovation

.2
(Kartus & Kukrus, 2013)
(Ju & Fu, 2012) .
.3
(2017 )
( )
.4

.5

281
(01)34– -

:6
: -

-
-
-
-
-
-
.
-
.

: -

.
":
"
."

282
(01)34– -

:
.7
:( ) -

: .

.8
: -

.9
:( ) -

(Automation) .
.

.10

283
(01)34– -

.
:11
: -
.
.
. : -
.

. .

: *
: *
: *

: -
.

.
(Hagedoom, 1988)
– – – :
– –
.

– –
.

(Innovation and Entrepreneurship) (Drucker)

:12
: -
Don Cullen of Transmet )

284
(01)34– -

(Corporation

: -

: -

: -

: -

: -

.
.
.

.
.

(Freeman) .
:13
-
.

285
(01)34– -

-
.
-

-
.
.
-

-5

.
:

. ...

286
(01)34– -

: " .(2013) . :1
.130-113 37
: " .(2005) . :2
.181-137 2 21
: " .(2015) . :3
.425-409 2 42 /
: " .(2017) . :4
.202-186 96 23
/ " : " .(2014) . :5
.239-222 2 41
: " .(2014) . :6
.168-152 31 10
: " .(2013) . :7
.186-165 28 9
.168-152 . :8
.186-165 . :9
.168-152 . :10
81 "( ) " .(2010) . :11
.149-125
.181-137 . :12
.181-137 :13

287