Chemistry 1018

'lVorksheet for studying Isomers of

Transition Metal Complexes

Name TZxLte Shml;tl .- Dare o5 /o1 l2oza

This summary worksheet is to be submitted at the due date.
Anything in italics is your instructor givingyou a comrnent.

* Fr&tJsEc4"S
t,-*if-**

Part 1: Linkage Isomers

Same empirical formulas, different connection between atoms.

Use LEWIS DOT rules to dyaylfuefu_A.$ and think about how it could bond to the Metal.
Hint: it needs a lone pair available. Ndz is thL a"^L;f,e.n.lu;a L't^l
.

[(NH:)s Co (ONo) ] Clz Draw

Red

16NH:)s Co (NOz) I Clz Draw

Yellow
 T2".rL*e 5l"rc,* J -:-i
\
thip:anate- ion and show how it can forrn the two isomers for the complex:
PfAw- the
(NH:
H:)s Coi( SCN) I C12 ?+

H*l'*
Ftr
/ Nr(,
a
3N-
i""f
5N
\u*,
L

Tungsten complex? Draw the complex, if true.

Hey, haven't we seen this cornpound before?
lW (CO)o I Clz
f - 6'-l-
tu-u'o\^ Wnort'ie l,*s ^ {*r-l-'Ll frt,+n, ,./,*r;tp }r,
C4O lhl ,*jflr* 5 o ;+ (q.r.i dar,"{.e ,4v'tt ,,'€ lr l,*'*)_ *:,
4il-e *lo iu****t t";.i-',,,t cr,t.t-! fosr'',t *;$L #'* Cr) + 44^.a

\At "
".q-.-*.
L d.,rsn'4 l"+* hv/o*<a -
It I
C .,t)
Part 2: Coordination Isomer s l**vnlaks tn tt"r- &"*fs-e''n x'*r't'pi*k ' ujc t
\rnl' r"7
Coordination isomers occur when the ligand and the counter ion exchange places. ./ /l \
Same empirical formula - inner sphere and outer sphere are different. z L. ''rD
c) lli
Inner sphere - ligand bonding or interacting with the metal; inside I J. ()
Outer sphere - counter ion bonding ionically with the coordinated complex; to balance charge;
toform a salt.

Complex Number of ions formed Color of solution

when dissolved in water
lCr(HzO)e I Cl: Violet
Ll

lCr(HzO)s Cll Clz Blue-Green

3

[Cr(HzO)+ Cl2] Cl Green

Z

We will get to prediction of color in "lecture" - using Crystal Field Theory!

- af

(,i|C.(Hro).-] "'+{i.idJ- = L{ iwn5

(' ) [-,. fn, o>a Lt1zt 4 At u Z ;o,, i

 T- r,. <ll
l(-;*va< i t
J l,r-Lr.Iq_t

Part 3: Stereo Isomers of Square Planar complexes

Stereo Isomers - same geometry but dffir in spatial arrangernent of the ligands.

A. Considerthe complex [Pt(NHs)2C12]

Are there only two isomers? 4-Gpr t'lo

Draw them. Which one is czs? Which one is trans?

Name the poinj._group,
c;s * f{*(r*rt.+i? e1;,1; c ur-i i D"r.
a* {,.r a,rrs t;k [Ntt:),
{*f I
", C-1
l{; N .-. r ..1

r+
\ ?+-
rllN / Ll
L,I Ntrr
These 2 are examples of GEOMETRIC isomers.

B. Consider the hypothetical complex [M(ABCD)]

Are there only three isomers? (FfurNo

.: them.
Draw

fr lra,y,S
,i:> D
ia( rt{i
!) a.* "., d:,'a:
l1 &
P\ \ ,{L
,r A h L
{Y] \t {Yr I}
/
/ f\'
l> D r, /\ T>
J,J v E

7eit,:1 (t1r-r*p i *,
Cut out three squares from a sheet of paper. Label the corners to match your drawings
above.
Prove to yourself that there are only j isomers for this structure - any others are a rotation of
one of the j you have made.

These last 3 are examples of OPTICALLY active compounds. They each have less symmetry
thanthe2above. @)
They will rotate plane polarized light; these are OPTICAL Isomers.

Let's look at Octahedral complexes; Coordination #6 next...

 Y"-Lan =[*"J1
Part 4:Stereo Isomers of Octahedral Complexes
Stereo Isomers - same geometry but dffir in spatial anangement of the ligands.

Consider the complexes and draw isomers on the template provided:

M goes in the center of the An shape; Ligands on the vertices.
a)[MAsBr] -lisomer
b) [MA+Bz] - 2 isomers; one is labeled crs and the other is trans
c) [MA:Br] * 2 isomers; one is labeledfac (facial) and one is mer (meridional)

d) Name the Point Grouo of each one. None of these are Optically active. Is that a surptrise?

Cqu

M *un

M Arr*

fr

tt A. K=
b B
j,
*o"e
Cr"
 lZ,*ta St"-o,".t"i

Part 5: Stereo fsomers of Octahedral Complexes with Bideutate Ligands

Stereo Isomers - same geometry but differ in spatial fiffangement of tke ligands.

a). Consider tle complex and draw isomers on the template provided:
Ca goes in the center af the On shape; Ligands on the vertices.

3* ion where "en" stands for Ethylene diamine Jook this up in your resources.
[Co(en):]

Draw the Lewis Structure of "en" and show where it "bitesl'from.

The ring it forms w'ith the metal, is called a CI{ELATE ring. You may have heard of Chelation
agents - used for heavy metal removal or in medicai scanning.
d-XL1J^a-i-i' o*re-)'t''L I

yl
H I

I
lr i

-j*- C --C N
'4 (2 l1 G>
1r
t\
atw (o"\ byur, boi''J s {"6i1-es ") ,rutu? Ws< /t'* patrs -

)
SYr

Miror

If you have models, try making it. You could even use toothpicks, gumdrops and those twist
ties.

ENANTIOMERS. These are isomers that are non-

The pair above is an example of
superimposable mirror images. They are optically active! They will rotate light in different
directions * Optical isomers.
 p+r';< 5k"'J1'

b) Consider the complex and draw isomers on the template

provided:
M goes in the center of the o1, shape; Ligands on the vertices.

[M(en)uAz]
3* ion where "en" stands for Ethylene diamine -itform chelate rings.
"A" could be Cl 1- or NH:

There are 3? @r No

NHi
NHI

ttl{I

$ivror

Are any of them Enantiomers?

Use models tfYou have them.

-rL.,t @ a^^A (, 64rr.eit*-ses a.l€ f,+t-aat*if'*"Lq-r'S , o5 "b{.fr"A 6.ff,e

1116)1 * *\ "telr;v\t-ffo:*-ble r1tirre-v ;r^ee,xs # c"acla o*1,<.r',

c