CHAPTER 9.

PRACTICAL ANALYSIS FOR TWO'LAYER

sTRUCTURE (HAGIWARA'S t!'lETHOD)

lower layer' respcciively' 3nd i rs

ln Frgure 9_1, ur 3nd u2 are the velocities ol upfer and
the critical anglc olrcfuaction 9v Snellsl"w.
(l:
sltr , ' -;

AandBa.cshotpojnts'andPisthercceilingpoillt'Then,thepathofthelefractedwave
P is B+8"*P"*P Bv drawing
lrorn A to P is A *A"' P"+P and the path fron B to
a ncrpendicular lile P'R frorn P to Pl'" . jryt' < , i
^ ?'P"
RPn trn
'u _ 'Pl (2)
t- t,zsitti- tz

PP. PR R-f''

n" "o"
DI
l* r lF' A-h*., (3e)
?r\ I
simjlarlY,
rr (3b)
h".csr

F hA cos z
D2
( 3c)
?)i
'r i

5s - t, cos t * E-B" (3d)

r Dl D2

G,Z
91 fffracted w2ve path5 for the bto-laver stucllre
Fi;ure

9-l
 shot point A to reoeiving Poinl
Wc dcnolc thc travcl_tirIc of thc relrrcted rvavc JL'nr
l)J 'l p, tl)e trirlcl-lirnc konr B to P b\'-l_sP and
ihi:1'avcl timc frorn A to A b! T" '
^
;l' P'F h. cosi A' Pr +
'r"'=t,.L-,,,
^"Fr' -
,, ,, (()

ir u"+ s"el' .
h, co5: hP c!!-l- ! g-P'
lrF = ti Dl (5)
-
-+
h' ..si * hg cost * Al
+-t'P ut Jt (b )

are obtained
Fron equaiions (4), (5) and (6), the Iollowlng re)aiions

+ TBP = + TA, (1)

TAP

lr. = ^-!l-tr.' + i aP - rd) (8)

wave near the

In equation (8), u, ean be found ironr the travel liirre cLi c of
the direct
obtained by observation How_
shot point, and TAp, TBP and TaB are qualities djrectly
ever, cosi can not be found, because Lr2 is Lrsualll,
unknown lf the value ci u2 can be
frotu eqlration (8) Now' let's
known, the depth hp and receiving poilrt P can be obiained
conslder how to lind the value ol u2

We consider a quantity T'a p that is c)ipressed by thc follo!ving equaiio!r

(T^P 6"- l'D)

T'o i .P - ----- --' /- (e)

From equations (4) and (?),

iTfi
(10)
TtP --+-

as origin, le is the angle of

the wave Pra
The distance t is measurcd towards B, taking A
Then, A'P' in equation (10) is explessed
pagating in the lowe! layer to the horizontal line'
as follows:
;-' = I' d' (r1)

put cosw = l, apProximately There

Actually, as the value of r, is not so laJge, wr-) ay
(10) c'an be as follovs:
forc. A'P'=x is also approximately possible Ti'rr: eqLration 'riiten
(12)
+-

92
 wc lakr 'r ns abscissa alld T aP
,s otdirr!lc and plol tiL'
As cqLrrlion (12) is lincrr {or r' if
lravcl (irIc Lirrr!c is ob-
(b|rck circl0s) a strlr:hl lirrc that is il sotl ol
corrcs|ondinLl iroirrl! vxlu' ol T A" can casily
l)! .onnccling thcsc Porrrls' as shol'r1 rn tigurc 9_1 I'he
l!irrcd thc !clocity u? ol lowcr
lronr obse^'cd vdlucs bv rll'rns ol cquation (9) and
bc ciricLr1!1td
lrlycr crrr L,r obt^incd {rori thc slopc
ol illis slraight Iinc Ti\at is' dillcrentialingquatiorr
( I2) ior .\
d 1
(rl)
(1.1" ) =

tlal irldlcates ih' vclocily

As T ap \ilri.lr c r be obllined
fron eqrralion (9) rs a quantity
ol thc lo\'er hYcr. rt is c.llcd "velocily
trr!'l time"'

Sinlil^rlY
(T- + Tlr - r]1) (r4)
T'"p = T'1 --- - -1-

!hen.measLllingdjstanceYtowaldsthereceivjngpoint.takingshotpoint,Bastheo'1g1n'
( 15)
cosi -i'>
'l'"' = ha-;\ .l:

( 16)
,1
;rr;p) =1,
nowrr fiom F"\'Fq'dr'l il2) or equaticj'
Tlrus LJ' aln)'j rrcr''''ol'?s ''i
,'t,.,ii a ue c" Lrr'J o c'r" ro l l\'
'.1.'" "t "''

1;

1,.

.f
t;
1.''
i

Travel time cu'ves a.d

velocliY'trave! time c!rves
S2

93
 tlrcn I = 0 ;r) c(t!ltions (t2) ard (j5), $,c dcnorc rc \irlucs,ot-t.,ap alrd 'f'sp by i^
rrrrl r's. r.sl,cclivcly

(17)

tB = _-- : (18)
I
whc,c r)a ,,nd hs arr.i the clepihs at shol poir)t
A and ts. icspcctivery. In oflrer words, in
r;gLrre 9_: the point where the 'r"A
p-curve iniersects the ordinaie at poirrt A indicates ,,a
i
thc point where thc T,s p -c!rrve iirteNccts the ordinate
ai pojnt B jndic.atcd r,". Therelore,
. L)i Trl
cosz i1e )

ha - 'l rB'
Cosz ( 20)

By the procedurc lrtention.d above, dejjlhs at each

shol Doint and receiving point can be
calcLrlated

fhen, il is ifiporia t to note that TAF. Tsp and Tas

in equation (g) for calculation of
leplh at the receiving poinl rnust ail be the travcl-time ol the
refracted wave from the sur,
aace ol ihe iower layer. However, as shown
iJ1 Fjgure 9-2 if the travel-tjme at the point
rear ihe shot poiqt is not lor the refracted wavc
bui for the direct wave (indicatect by cross
nark in the Figure), the depth hp a! those .eceivirrg points can
not be obtainei fronr
:qu r lro. (6r.

tlr' . a5c. reuriting, qudrro s (ol and , l4l

(TA' + rp - rA')
2 = TAF - Tip = Trp - Tlp (21)
herefore, tiom equations (8) and (21).

(22\

(rs, - ri" ) (23)

it
Figrre 9-2 ihe yalue of eiiher T,ap or T'e p which corresponds to TA p or Ts p
read oul from lhe exlension .i l ap or Ts, cufle. Thus, the value of the depth hp
be calc rlaied from e,tuations (22) or r2.t).

9-4
I An F.x.rnrple of Crlculrtiorrl

in lhLr survey olthr

9_l is onc of lhc travcl'time diagianrs prrlarcd by TIlagi\tara
IrjrLrrc
Prel Japan llr
dcIth ol bcd rock oi lhc 13nd slidc area at Mt Chausu-yama in Nagano (D and (g)
c.rlculated ihe dcplh by using the blankfornr as shown in Table 9-l The rows
irr Table 9_l indicatc the vclociiy-travel-iilrle ior A and
B' respectively' arld they arc marked
as l'250n1/sec
with black circles in Figure 9'3 The velocity u2 of bed rock is detennincd
frolrltheslopeoftheiJvelocity.travel-tinelurves'Therow(h)inTable9-lindicaies
rl " dcpt\ of bed ro'k dr ea.l Foial

/:r1.r lUoi:rr t1933)\

I "*"..4 tr x'-a, /

o'aeram or Line lv of rvllr' ctrauu-vama and a profile

i; * o.".".
"-"

9-5
 1ir. l,otlon) ol l-'igurc 9 3 tlrc slrrpc ol lhc bcd rock can bc ird icrtcd b! dra\\,in!
oi llr..ir.lcs wlrreh .rrr drir$,n ('ilh rr ruilius of iIc virlur oi dol)11\ r1 cIcl) |or]rl

JV
-!Sqrr-1 !, !!rl ,;; '5r1',,'
July l-o ?0. l!rJ r{ , ie. r2.z r ldr i..
)l t2

(?.0) 7,t ) t.l

12.2 (r.3) (r.!)
(a)

!q, 2.2 ?.1 r,l

(f) r;
(e)
(h) )2.5 t2 _0

/ irk, Haqiwda ( e:B). \

TaL e +l An ExafrF . of Glculailon iab e

 6 r E ) r:-: o
-rd;= -=
ij!:",n-;Jli' !P.: 9 I
:rbrd;?-o:
.' 4 sE : <
g
-.t
r"'i l:r' !
;" ; g= -
;_ ?: --
-,B
9l l? "lg i ; =-I -a-^
3
a

rl3 :r =J
2 .i-
:
j - :.'
@a--.
O
s
c?!
T>
i;; I3 o-{
-X = 6 - 5:
i1 6". 'ai
:o'.d
^
o
;I
=o
'1:
"lg.
' 'S dn
."p
tt ' 1
I o
q
'
+
_-" A 1.
a q'-
* ._1
t '-1. =
,:--': ;
!-
.:3 'c+i.
r.|:D
e
;{ o t E d q 1
aJJ-n-ii-
'in = o :
or
9;0
- : o
E6 q F l* --
I
o.? 1 Po a' -
e
dq; o -?
5ir E I t
;'-'l\

xt7 ^'* -
;.6i1^i
x ^; :o
-.:5:a-:
b o s. - .:1J:
*f :
d.: ';c
!:--
B!o