Internet-Combined

What is Internet?
The Internet is essentially a global network of computing resources. You can think of the Internet as a
physical collection of routers and circuits as a set of shared resources.
Some common definitions given in the past include −
 A network of networks based on the TCP/IP communications protocol.

 A community of people who use and develop those networks.
Internet-Based Services
Some of the basic services available to Internet users are −
 Email − A fast, easy, and inexpensive way to communicate with other Internet users around the
world.
 Telnet − Allows a user to log into a remote computer as though it were a local system.
 FTP − Allows a user to transfer virtually every kind of file that can be stored on a computer from
one Internet-connected computer to another.
 World Wide Web (WWW) − A hypertext interface to Internet information resources.
What is WWW?
WWW stands for World Wide Web. A technical definition of the World Wide Web is − All the resources
and users on the Internet that are using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
A broader definition comes from the organization that Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee helped found, the
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C): The World Wide Web is the universe of network-accessible
information, an embodiment of human knowledge.
In simple terms, The World Wide Web is a way of exchanging information between computers on the
Internet, tying them together into a vast collection of interactive multimedia resources.
Following fig shows how user request the web page to webserver and get the response.
What is HTTP?
HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. This is the protocol being used to transfer hypertext
documents that makes the World Wide Web possible.
A standard web address such as Yahoo.com is called a URL and here the prefix http indicates its
protocol
What is URL?
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator, and is used to specify addresses on the World Wide Web. A
URL is the fundamental network identification for any resource connected to the web (e.g., hypertext
pages, images, and sound files).
A URL will have the following format −
protocol://hostname/other_information
The protocol specifies how information is transferred from a link. The protocol used for web resources is
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Other protocols compatible with most web browsers include FTP,
telnet, newsgroups, and Gopher.
The protocol is followed by a colon, two slashes, and then the domain name. The domain name is the
computer on which the resource is located.
Links to particular files or subdirectories may be further specified after the domain name. The directory
names are separated by single forward slashes.
What is Website?
Website is a collection of various pages written in HTML markup language. This is a location on the web
where people can find tutorials on latest technologies. Similarly, there are millions of websites available
on the web.
Each page available on the website is called a web page and first page of any website is called home
page for that site.
What is Web Server?
A web server is server software, or a system of one or more computers dedicated to running this
software, that can satisfy client HTTP requests on the public World Wide Web or also on
private LANs and WANs.
The main job of a web server is to display website content through storing, processing and
delivering webpages to users.
What is Web Browser?

Web Browsers are software installed on your PC. To access the Web you need a web browsers, such as
Netscape Navigator, Microsoft Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome.
Search Engine: Google, Yahoo, Bing
What is SMTP Server?

SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Server. This server takes care of delivering emails from
one server to another server. When you send an email to an email address, it is delivered to its recipient
by a SMTP Server.
E-Mail :
An e-mail ID is the chosen name you have used to create your account. An e-mail address is your e-
mail ID combined with the domain name of the email registrar.
Abc123@gmail.com
Here abc123 is Username and Gmail.com is Domain name
Username and domain name is separated by @ symbol
Some components :
 To: The email address(es), and optionally name(s) of the message's recipient(s). Indicates
primary recipients (multiple allowed)
 Cc: Carbon copy; Many email clients mark email in one's inbox differently depending on
whether they are in the To: or Cc: list.
 Bcc: Blind carbon copy; addresses are usually only specified during SMTP delivery, and
not usually listed in the message header.
What is ISP?
ISP stands for Internet Service Provider. They are the companies who provide you service in terms of
internet connection to connect to the internet.
You will buy space on a Web Server from any Internet Service Provider. This space will be used to host
your Website.
What is HTML?
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. This is the language in which we write web pages for
any Website. Even the page you are reading right now is written in HTML.
What is Hyperlink?
A hyperlink or simply a link is a selectable element in an electronic document that serves as an access
point to other electronic resources. Typically, you click the hyperlink to access the linked resource.
Familiar hyperlinks include buttons, icons, image maps, and clickable text links.
What is DNS?
DNS stands for Domain Name System. When someone types in your domain name, www.example.com,
your browser will ask the Domain Name System to find the IP that hosts your site. When you register
your domain name, your IP address should be put in a DNS along with your domain name. Without
doing it your domain name will not be functioning properly.
Types of network:
LAN, MAN and WAN are types of network.
LAN - Local Area Network

A Local Area Network (LAN) is a private network that connects computers and devices within a limited
area like a residence, an office, a building or a campus. On a small scale, LANs are used to connect
personal computers to printers. However, LANs can also extend to a few kilometers when used by
companies, where a large number of computers share a variety of resources like hardware (e.g. printers,
scanners, audiovisual devices etc), software (e.g. application programs) and data.
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network

A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a larger network than LAN. It often covers multiple cities or towns.
It is quiet expensive and a single organization may not have own it.
WAN - Wide Area Network

A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a much larger network than LAN and MAN. It often covers multiple
contries or contenants. It is quiet expensive and a single organization may not have own it. Satellite is
used to manage WAN.
INTERNET, INTRANET & EXTRANET
 The Internet is a globally-connected network of computers that enables

people to share information and communicate with each other.
 An intranet, on the other hand, is a local or restricted network that enables
people to store, organize, and share information within an organization.
 An extranet is a web portal that is accessible by an organization and its
external vendors, partners, customers, or any other users that require access
to restricted information.
With an extranet, the host organization manages the site administration and
content, and provides controlled access to internal and external members. Some
example use cases for an extranet include a partner or vendor portal, a customer
community, or a franchise network.
CSCA0101 Computing Basics
CSCA0101
COMPUTING BASICS
Chapter 3
Input Devices
1
Input Devices
Topics:
• Input Devices
• Examples of Input Device
• Keyboard
• Pointing Devices
• Graphic and Video Input Devices
• Audio Input Devices
2
Input Devices
Input Devices
• Any peripheral (piece of computer hardware
equipment) used to provide data and control signals
to a computer.
• Allows the user to put data into the computer.
• Without any input devices, a computer would only be
a display device and not allow users to interact with
it.
3
Input Devices
Examples of Input Device

• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Touchscreen
• Graphic tablet
• Microphone
• Scanner
4
Input Devices
Keyboard
• One of the primary input devices used with a
computer.
• The keyboard looks very similar to the keyboards of
electric typewriters, with some additional keys.
• Keyboards allow a computer user to input letters,
numbers, and other symbols into a computer
• Uses an arrangement of buttons or keys.
• Requires pressing and holding several keys
simultaneously or in sequence.
5
Input Devices
Keyboard
6
Input Devices
Types of Keyboard
Standard
• Desktop computer keyboards, such as the 101-key

US traditional keyboards or the 104-key Windows
keyboards, include alphabetic characters,
punctuation symbols, numbers and a variety of
function keys.
7
Input Devices
Types of Keyboard
• Standard
• Laptop
• Gaming and Multimedia
• Thumb-sized
• Virtual
• Foldable
8
Input Devices
Types of Keyboard
Laptop Keyboard
• The laptop computer keyboard is

a small version of the typical
QWERTY keyboard.
• A typical laptop has the same
keyboard type as a normal
keyboard, except for the fact that
most laptop keyboards
condense the symbols into fewer
buttons to accommodate less
space.
9
Input Devices
Types of Keyboard
Gaming and Multimedia Keyboard
• The gaming keyboards are designed for the

convenience of the gamers and these types of
keyboards provide the required controls on the
keyboards like back lighting.
10
Input Devices
Types of Keyboard
Thumb-sized keyboard
• Smaller external
keyboards have been
introduced for devices
without a built-in
keyboard, such as PDAs,
and smartphones.
• Small keyboards are also
useful where there is a
limited workspace.
11
Input Devices
Types of Keyboard
Virtual Keyboard
• The virtual keyboards are not actually physical

keyboards, but they are simulated using a software.
12
Input Devices
Types of Keyboard
Foldable Keyboard
• Foldable keyboards are

extremely good for
travelling.
• Simply roll them up and
then unroll them when
you need them again.
13
Input Devices
Keyboard Layouts
• QWERTY
• QWERTZ
• AZERTY
• DVORAK
14
Input Devices
Keyboard Layouts
QWERTY
• Common layout
15
Input Devices
Keyboard Layouts
QWERTZ
• Used in Germany, Hungary and Czech Republic
16
Input Devices
Keyboard Layouts
AZERTY
• It is used by most French speakers based in Europe
17
Input Devices
Keyboard Layouts
DVORAK
• Alternative for QWERTY

• Dvorak layout uses less finger motion, increases
typing rate, and reduces errors compared to the
standard QWERTY
18
Input Devices
Key Types
Key Type Example

Alphanumeric A-Z, 0-9
Punctuation .,!“?
Modifiers Shift, Space Bar, Enter, Ctrl, Alt
Navigation Arrows, Home, Page Up
System Command PrtScn, Esc, F1, Start
19
Input Devices
Key Types
Function keys
• The Function keys or F1 through F12 keys are used

in programs as shortcut keys to performed frequently
performed tasks.
• For example, the F1 key is the key to open the online
help for most programs.
20
Input Devices
Key Types
Control Keys
• The Control keys are what give you additional control

of a document.
21
Input Devices
Key Types
Keypad
• Although not available on all computer keyboards,

especially laptops; the keypad gives the user a quick
access to numbers and math functions such as plus,
divide, times, and subtract.
22
Input Devices
Key Types
Arrow keys
• The arrow keys are four directional arrow keys that

allow the user to move their cursor and position on a
page.
23
Input Devices
Keyboard Shortcut Keys

Shortcut Keys Description
Alt + F File menu options in current program.
Alt + E Edit options in current program
F1 Universal Help in almost every Windows program.

Ctrl + A Select all text.
Ctrl + X Cut selected item.
Shift + Del Cut selected item.
Ctrl + C Copy selected item.
Ctrl + Ins Copy selected item
Ctrl + V Paste
Shift + Ins Paste
Ctrl + P Print the current page or document.
Home Goes to beginning of current line.
Ctrl + Home Goes to beginning of document.

End Goes to end of current line.
Ctrl + End Goes to end of document.
Shift + Home Highlights from current position to beginning of line.
Shift + End Highlights from current position to end of line.
Ctrl + Left arrow Moves one word to the left at a time.
Ctrl + Right arrow Moves one word to the right at a time.
24
Input Devices
Pointing Devices
• A pointing device is a hardware input device that
allows the user to move the mouse pointer to select
items on a display screen.
• Types of pointing device:
– Based on rolling a ball
– Based on touching a surface
– Based on moving stick
25
Input Devices
Pointing Devices
Based on rolling a ball
• Example:
– Mouse
– Trackball
26
Input Devices
Pointing Devices
Mouse
• A device that controls the

movement of the cursor or
pointer on a display screen.
• The mouse is important for
graphical user interfaces
because user can simply point to
options and objects and click a
mouse button.
27
Input Devices
Pointing Devices
Type of Mouse
• Mechanical: Has a rubber or

metal ball on its underside
that can roll in all directions.
• Optical: Uses a laser to
detect the mouse's
movement.
28
Input Devices
Pointing Devices
Trackball
• A trackball is a mouse lying on its

back.
• To move the pointer, you rotate
the ball with your thumb, your
fingers, or the palm of your hand
• It does not require much space to
use it
29
Input Devices
Pointing Devices
Based on touching a surface
• Example:
– Touchpad
– Graphic tablet
– Touch screen
– Light pen
– Stylus
30
Input Devices
Pointing Devices
Touchpad
• A small, touch-sensitive pad used

as a pointing device on some
portable computers.
• By moving a finger or other object
along the pad, you can move the
pointer on the display screen.
31
Input Devices
Pointing Devices
Graphic Tablet
• A graphics tablet (or digitizer,

digitizing tablet, graphics pad,
drawing tablet) is a computer input
device that allows one to hand-
draw images and graphics, similar
to the way one draws images with
a pencil and paper.
32
Input Devices
Pointing Devices
Touchscreen
• A touchscreen is an electronic
visual display that can detect the
presence and location of a touch
within the display area.
• The term generally refers to
touching the display of the device
with a finger or hand.
33
Input Devices
Pointing Devices
Light Pen
• A light pen is a computer input

device in the form of a light-
sensitive wand used in
conjunction with a computer's
CRT display.
• It allows the user to point to
displayed objects or draw on the
screen in a similar way to a
touchscreen but with greater
positional accuracy.
34
Input Devices
Pointing Devices
Stylus
• A stylus is a small pen-shaped instrument that is

used to input commands to a computer screen,
mobile device or graphics tablet.
35
Input Devices
Pointing Devices
Based on moving stick
• Example:
– Joystick
– Gamepad
36
Input Devices
Pointing Devices
Joystick
• A joystick allows an individual to

move an object in a game such as
navigating a plane in a flight
simulator.
37
Input Devices
Pointing Devices
Gamepad
• A gamepad, game controller, joypad, or video

game controller is a peripheral device designed to
be connected to a computer or console gaming
system.
• It has multiple buttons and may have one or two
mini joysticks.
38
Input Devices
Imaging and Video Input Devices

• Used to digitize images or video from the outside
world into the computer.
• Example:
– Digital camera
– Webcam
– Optical scanner
– 3D scanner
– Fingerprint scanner
– Barcode reader
39
Input Devices

Digital Camera
• A camera that stores the pictures or

video it takes in electronic format
instead of to film.
• Digital cameras have become the
camera solution for most users today
as the quality of the picture they take
has greatly improved and as the price
has decreased.
40
Input Devices
Webcam
• A webcam is a hardware camera

connected to a computer that allows
anyone connected to the Internet to
view either still pictures or motion
video of a user or other object.
41
Input Devices

Optical Scanner
• An optical scanner is a hardware input device that

allows a user to take an image or text and convert it
into a digital file, allowing the computer to read or
display the scanned object.
• Two types of scanner:
– Flatbed
– Hand-held
42
Input Devices

Image Scanner
Flatbed Scanner Hand-held Scanner
43
Input Devices

Image Scanner
Flatbed Scanner Handheld Scanner

Flatbed scanners look similar to Hand-held scanners are used for
a entering text and images that are
small photocopier with the less than a page wide. Hand-
document held scanners are
remaining flat and stationary adequate for small pictures and
during the scanning photos but are difficult for entire
pages.
44
Input Devices

3D Scanner
• A 3D scanner is a device that

analyzes a real-world object or
environment to collect data on its
shape and possibly its appearance
(i.e. color).
• The collected data can then be used
to construct digital, three dimensional
models.
45
Input Devices

Fingerprint Scanner
• A fingerprint scanner or fingerprint reader is a

hardware device that verifies a user or enters
password information by scanning their finger.
46
Input Devices

Barcode Reader
• A barcode reader or scanner is a hardware device

capable of reading a barcode and printing out the
details of the product or logging that product into a
database.
47
Input Devices
Audio Input Devices

• Audio input devices allow a user to send audio
signals to a computer for processing, recording, or
carrying out commands.
• Example:
– Microphone
– MIDI keyboard
48
Input Devices
Audio Input Devices

Microphone
• A microphone is a hardware
peripheral that allows computer
users to input audio into their
computers.
49
Input Devices
Audio Input Devices

MIDI Keyboard
• A MIDI (Musical Instruments Digital Interface)

keyboard is typically a piano-style user interface
keyboard device used for sending MIDI signals to
a computer.
• MIDI information is sent to a computer that
capable of reproducing an array of digital sounds
or samples that resemble traditional analog
musical instruments.
50
Input Devices
Audio Input Devices

MIDI Keyboard
51
CSCA0101
COMPUTING BASICS
Chapter 4
Output Devices
1
Output Devices
Topics:
• Output Devices
• Examples of Output Device
• Printer
• Monitor
• Speakers
• Projector
2
Output Devices
Output Devices
• Any peripheral that receives or displays output from
a computer.
• Computer hardware equipment used to
communicate the results of data processing carried
out by a computer to the outside world.
3
Output Devices
Examples of Output Device

• Monitor
• Printer
• Speakers
• Projector
4
Output Devices
Monitor
• The device which displays computer output.
• The monitor displays the video and graphics
information generated by the computer through the
video card.
• Monitors are very similar to televisions but usually
display information at a much higher resolution.
5
Output Devices
Monitor
Monochrome Monitor
• A monochrome monitor is a
type of CRT computer display
which was very common in the
early days of computing, from the
1960s through the 1980s, before
color monitors became popular.
• They are still widely used in
applications such as
computerized cash register
systems
6
Output Devices
Monitor
Monochrome Monitor
• Monochrome monitors actually display two colors,

one for the background and one for the foreground.
• The colors can be black and white, green and black,
or amber and black.
7
Output Devices
Monitor
Color Monitor
• Color monitors can display

anywhere from 16 to over 1
million different colors.
• Color monitors are sometimes
called RGB monitors because
they accept three separate
signals -- red, green, and blue.
8
Output Devices
Types of Monitor
• Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
• Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
• Light-emitting Diode (LED)
9
Output Devices
Types of Monitor
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
• Large
• Heavy
• Produce heat
• Not expensive
10
Output Devices
Types of Monitor
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
• Less space
• Lighter
• Low power consumption
• Expensive
• Limited viewing angle
11
Output Devices
Types of Monitor
Light-emitting Diode (LED)
• Less space
• Lighter
• Very expensive
• Provide higher contrast and
better viewing angles than
LCD monitor
12
Output Devices
Monitor Features
Screen Size
• The actual amount of screen

space that is available to
display a picture, video or
working space
• Desktop screens are usually
14 - 25 inches by diagonal
measurement.
13
Output Devices
Monitor Features
Aspect Ratio
• The aspect ratio of a display is the fractional

relation of the width of the display area compared to
its height.
• Two common aspect ratio:
– 4:3
– 16:9
14
Output Devices
Monitor Features
Aspect Ratio
15
Output Devices
Monitor Features
Display Resolution
• The resolution of a monitor indicates how densely

packed the pixels are.
• In general, the more pixels (often expressed in dots
per inch), the sharper the image.
• Most modern monitors can display 1024 by 768
pixels, the SVGA standard.
• Some high-end models can display 1280 by 1024,
or even 1600 by 1200.
16
Output Devices
Monitor Features
Display Resolution
17
Output Devices
Monitor Features
Refresh Rate
• The refresh rate is the number of times in a second
that a monitor draws the data.
• The refresh rate for a monitor is measured in hertz
(Hz)
• The standard refresh rate is 75Hz, this means that the
monitor redraws the display 75 times per second.
• A flickering monitor can contribute to eyestrain and
headaches.
• The faster the refresh rate, the less the monitor
flickers.
18
Output Devices
Monitor Features
Refresh Rate
Monitor flickering
19
Output Devices
Monitor Features
Color Depth
• Color depth describes how many colors that can be

displayed on a monitor's screen.
• Common color depths used by monitor:
– 4-bit (EGA) = 16 colors
– 8-bit (VGA) = 256 colors
– 16-bit (High Color) = 65,536 colors
– 24-bit (True Color) = 16 million colors
20
Output Devices
Monitor Features
Color Depth
EGA Monitor VGA Monitor
21
Output Devices
Printer
• Printer is an external hardware device responsible
for taking computer data and generating a hard copy
of that data.
• Printers are one of the most used peripherals on
computers and are commonly used to print text,
images, and photos.
22
Output Devices
Types of Printer
Printers can be categorized into:
• Impact Printer
• Non-Impact Printer
23
Output Devices
Impact Printer
• It strikes paper and ribbon together to form a
character, like a typewriter.
Advantages Disadvantages
• Less expensive • Noisy
• Can make multiple • Print quality lower in
copies with multipart some types
paper • Poor graphics or
none at all
• Slow
24
Output Devices
Impact Printer
Daisy-wheel
• Similar to a ball-head typewriter, this type of printer

has a plastic or metal wheel on which the shape of
each character stands out in relief.
• A hammer presses the wheel against a ribbon,
which in turn makes an ink stain in the shape of the
character on the paper.
• Daisy-wheel printers produce letter-quality print but
cannot print graphics.
25
Output Devices
Impact Printer
Daisy-wheel
26
Output Devices
Impact Printer
Dot-Matrix
• Creates characters by striking pins against an ink

ribbon.
• Each pin makes a dot, and combinations of dots
form characters and illustrations.
27
Output Devices
Impact Printer
Dot-Matrix
28
Output Devices
Non-Impact Printer
• It uses ink spray, toner powder or inkless
Advantages Disadvantages
• Quiet • More expensive
• Can handle graphics • Occupies a lot of
and often a wider space
variety of fonts than • The cost of
impact printers maintaining it is high
• Fast
29
Output Devices
Non-Impact Printer
Laser Printer (Toner-based)
• A laser printer rapidly produces

high quality text and graphics.
• Laser printers are often used in
corporate, school, and other
environments that require print
jobs to be completed quickly and
in large quantities.
30
Output Devices
Non-Impact Printer
Multifunction Printer
(Toner-based)
• An MFP is an office machine which
incorporates the functionality of
multiple devices in one.
• A typical MFP may act as a
combination of some or all of the
following devices:
– Printer
– Scanner
– Photocopier
– Fax
31
Output Devices
Non-Impact Printer
Ink-jet Printer
• Inkjet printer operates by propelling

variably-sized droplets of liquid or
molten material (ink) onto almost
any sized page.
• They are the most common type of
computer printer used by
consumers.
32
Output Devices
Non-Impact Printer
Thermal Printer (Inkless)
• Thermal printers work by selectively

heating regions of special heat-
sensitive paper.
• These printers are commonly used
in calculators and fax machines; and
although they are inexpensive and
print relatively fast, they produce low
resolution print jobs.
33
Output Devices
Printing Speed
The printing speed is measured in:
• cps (characters per second)

• lpm (lines per minute)
• ppm (pages per minute)
34
Output Devices
Plotter
• The plotter is a computer printer for printing vector
graphics
• Plotters are used in applications such as computer-
aided design such as diagrams, layouts, specification
sheets and banners
• The plotter is capable of producing color drawings in
a matter of minutes
• Plotters differ from printers in that they draw lines
using a pen
• Plotters are considerably more expensive than
printers
35
Output Devices
Plotter
36
Output Devices
Speakers
• A hardware device connected to a computer's
sound card that outputs sounds generated by the
computer.
• Speakers can be used for various sounds meant to
alert the user, as well as music and spoken text
37
Output Devices
Headphones
• Headphones give sound output
from the computer.
• They are similar to speakers,
except they are worn on the
ears so only one person can
hear the output at a time.
38
Output Devices
Projector
• An output device that can take the display of a
computer screen and project a large version of it
onto a flat surface.
• Projectors are often used in meetings and
presentations so that everyone in the room can view
the presentation.
39
Output Devices
Projector
Types of projector
• Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) projector

• Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projector
• Digital Light Processing (DLP) projector
40
Output Devices
Projector
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) projector
• In the early days of projectors, CRT

projectors were commonly used.
• They utilized three tubes, one for
each of the primary colors.
• Due to their large size, low light
output and the frequent need to
converge and align the images
projected from each of the three
tubes, they are no longer commonly
used.
41
Output Devices
Projector
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) projector
• Long service life; CRT tubes maintain good

brightness to 10,000 hours.
• CRT projectors are both considerably larger and
heavier than comparable LCD and DLP projectors.
• CRT projectors require far more time to set up and
adjust than LCD and DLP based projectors.
42
Output Devices
Projector
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projector
• LCD projectors work by utilizing

polarized mirrors that pass and
reflect only certain colors of light.
• This causes each channel of red,
green and blue to be separated and
later re-converged via a prism after
passing through an LCD panel that
controls the intensity and saturation
of each color.
43
Output Devices
Projector
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) projector
• An LCD projector can achieve greater brightness at a

lower energy consumption
• Smaller than CRT projectors
44
Output Devices
Projector
Digital Light Processing (DLP) projector
• DLP projectors can be classified as

one-chip or three-chip.
• One-chip DLP projectors can
produce more than 16 million colors
while three-chip models can produce
more than 35 trillion colors.
• This allows DLP projectors to
reproduce more natural and lifelike
images.
45
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MULTIMEDIA AND ITS APPLICATIONS
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT IN Volume-10,Issue-5(Nov-18)
TECHNOLOGY ISSN (O) :- 2349-3585
MULTIMEDIA AND ITS APPLICATIONS

__________________________________________________________________________________________
Mrs.A.Pavithra1, Mr.M.Aathilingam2, Mr.S.Murukanantha Prakash3
1
Assistant Professor,2Student, 3Student, Department of UG Computer Science,SreeSaraswathiThyagaraja College, Pollachi, India
ABSTRACT:Multimedia is the field concerned with the  Audio

computer controlled integration of text, graphics, drawings,  Video
still and moving images (Video), animation, audio, and any  Animation
other media where every type of information can be  Interactivity
signified, stored, communicated and handled digitally. Multimedia may be generally separated into linear and non-
Multimedia can be recorded and played, displayed, linear groups. Direct active content developments without any
interacted with or accessed by information satisfied navigation control for the watcher such as a cinema
processing devices, such as high-tech and automated devices, presentation. Non-linear content suggestions user interactivity
but can also be part of a live presentation. Multimedia to control progress as used with a computer game or used in
devices are electronic media strategies used to store and self-paced computer created exercise. Non-linear content is
involvement multimedia content. Multimedia is notable from also known as hypermedia content. Multimedia presentations
diverse media in fine art; for model, by containing audio it can be live or noted. A recorded presentation may permit
has a broader scope. In the early years of multimedia the interactivity via a steering system. A live multimedia
term "rich media" was identical with collaborating presentation may allow interactivity via interaction with the
multimedia, and "hypermedia" was an application of presenter or performer.
multimedia. In this paper we discussed about the different 2. ELEMENTS OF MULTIMEDIA
elements of multimedia along with its applications, features, 2.1. Text
advantages and disadvantages so on. Whether or not they have used a computer, most people are
Keywords: Audio, Video, Animation, Text, graphics, Motion familiar with text. Text is the foundation for word processing
Video programs and is still the fundamental information used in
1. INTRODUCTION many multimedia programs. In fact, many multimedia
Multimedia has developed an unavoidable fragment of any applications are based on the conversion of a book to a
performance. It has originate a diversity of presentations right computerized form. This change gives the user instant access
from entertaining to education. The development of internet to the text and lets him or her display pop-up windows, which
has also enlarged the request for multimedia content. give meanings of certain words. Multimedia applications also
Multimedia is the media that uses numerous forms of enable the user to instantly display information related to a
information contented and information processing (e.g. text, certain topic that is being viewed. Most powerfully, the
audio, graphics, animation, and video interactivity) to inform computerized form of a book allows the user to look up
or entertain the user. Multimedia also mentions to the use of information quickly (without referring to the index or table of
electronic media to store and knowledge multimedia content. contents).The Windows operating environment gives the user
Multimedia is alike to traditional varied media in fine art, but an almost infinite range of expressing text. As a multimedia
with a broader opportunity. The term “rich media” is equal for programmer, you can choose what font to display text in, how
interactive multimedia. big (or small) it should be, and what color it should be
Multimedia elements displayed in .By displaying text in more than one format ,the
 Text message a multimedia application is trying to portray can be
 Graphics made more understandable. One type of application, which
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Paper Title:-MULTIMEDIA AND ITS APPLICATIONS
many people use every day, is the Windows Help Engine. This the form of musical notes. MIDI music can be shaped with a
application is a text-based information viewer that makes sequencer.
accessing information related to a certain topic easy. 2.3. Static Graphics images:
2.2 Audio Sound: When you imagine graphics images you believably think of
The combination of audio sound into a multimedia application "still" images-that is, images such as those in a photograph or
can offer the user with information not likely finished any drawing. There is no occurrence in these kind of picture. Still
other technique of announcement .Some types of information graphics images are an all important portion of multimedia
can't be taken efficiently without using sound. It is closely because humans are modality adjusted. As the old Chinese
impossible, for instance, to provide a precise word-based saying goes, "A picture is worth a thousand words."Windows
explanation of the bear of a heart or the sound of the ocean. is also a sense modality environment. This kind displaying
Audio sound can also strengthen the users considerate of graphics images easier than it would be in a DOS-based
information obtainable in another type of media. For example, environment. Static graphics images have a certain concept of
a description might define what is being seen in an animation formats and can be created in a number of various ways. Just
clip. This can enhance the understanding of what the as you can see an limitless number of photographs or pictures,
application is all about and lead to better comprehension. the types of static graphics images that you can include in a
Experts in learning have found that presenting information multimedia application are almost unlimited.
using more than one sense aids in later retaining of the 2.4. Animation
information. Most importantly, it can also make the Animation mention to moving graphics images. The
information more interesting to the user. Audio sound is happening of somebody giving CPR makes it much easier to
available in several different formats. Today, maybe the learn internal organ revitalization, rather than just screening a
greatest collective type of audio is red book audio. This is the static picture. Just as a static graphics image is a all-powerful
normal prerequisite used to mention to customer audio form of human action, such is the case with animation.
compacted discs. It is an worldwide standard and is formally Animation is particularly useful for enlarge concepts that
recognized as IEC 908.This description is called red book affect movement. Such thought as playing a guitar or hitting a
audio meanwhile of the color of the cover of the publication golf ball are hard to exemplify using a single photograph, or
that defines its formats. Red book audio sound can also be even a ordination of photographs ,and equal more difficult to
used in multimedia applications, and it forms the basis of the explicate using text. Animation form it easier to portray these
highest quality sound available. Another audio sound format is characteristic of your multimedia application.
the Windows wave file, which can be played only on PCs 2.5. Full-Motion Video
running the Windows operating environment. A wave file Full-motion video, such as the images depicted in a television,
contains the actual digital data used to play back the sound as can add even more than to a multimedia application. Although
well as a header that provides supplementary information full-motion video may sound similar an perfect way to add a
about the determination and playback rate. Wave files can powerful message to a multimedia application, it is nowhere
store any sort of sound that can be verified by a microphone. near the quality you would anticipate after watching
The last type of audio sound that may be used is known as the television. Full-motion video is still in its occurrence stages on
Musical Instrument Digital Interface or MIDI for short. The PCs, and it is constricted in resolution and size. Even with
MIDI format is actually a specification invented by musical precocious methods of data compression, full-motion video
instrument manufacturers. Rather than being a digitized form can suck up hard disk space faster than waterfalls when
of the sound, the MIDI specification is actually a set of poured out of a bucket.
messages that describes what musical note is being played. 3. USES AND APPLICATIONS OF MULTIMEDIA:
The MIDI requirement cannot accumulation whatever but in 3.1 Multimedia in Education:
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ISSN:-2349-3585 |www.ijrdt.org
Multimedia combining respective media in a one evidently it The business application of multimedia includes, product
has more beginning of information. So it is extended used in demos, instant messaging. One the excellent applications are
the field of education and training. Even in conventional voice and live conferencing. A multimedia can make a
method we use audio visual for imparting education, where audience come live. It is widely used in programs. Such a
charts, models etc. were used. Now days the classroom program can be used by a mechanic and peoples. There are a
demand is not limited to that accepted method instead it needs number of easy to use authoring programs and tools that can
audio and visual media. The multimedia incorporate all of even let workers to create their own program. There are a
them in one system. For the use of multimedia as an education number of applications available that slow to run more
assistance the PC integrated a high quality display. This all has smoothly and effectively.
advance the improvement of a wide scope of computer based 3.5Multimedia in Games:
training. The software package named computer aided One of the most exciting applications of multimedia is games.
direction is accessible that supply a friendly interactive acting Now days the live internet pay to play gaming with multiple
of learning. players has become popular. Actually the first application of
3.2Multimedia in Training: multimedia system was in the field of entertainment and that
There diverse systems and intelligent tutoring systems too in the video game industry. The integrated audio and video
accessible to train the students in numerous areas opening effects make various types of games more entertaining.
from the mathematics of a original abrupt to a difficult Generally most of the video games need joystick play.
surgical process for a medical student. As there sufficient 3.6 Creative industries:
audio clips added these tutorials and an action can be seen Creative industries use multimedia for a variety of purposes
from all orientation and repetition so evidently as far as ranging from fine arts, to entertainment, to commercial art, to
practical skills is obsessed it gives a lot of far that. These journalism, to media and software services provided for any of
packages are just like expert systems and are fully equipped the industries listed below. An individual multimedia designer
with decision making utility-grade to impact training after may cover the spectrum throughout their career. Request for
judging the competence of a student in the several field. These their skills range from technical, to analytical, to creative.
tutorials incorporate enough number of videos sequences 3.7 Language communication:
clarify. With the spread and development of the English language
3.3 Science and Technology: around the world, it has become an important way of
Multimedia had a broad application in the field of science and communicating between different people and cultures.
technology. Whether it is an industry or the case of sciences Multimedia Technology creates a platform where language
all are benefited by its use. The multimedia application and can be taught. The traditional form of teaching English as a
beneficial for researchers as well as over the world. The Second Language (ESL) in classrooms have drastically
multimedia system is competent of transferring audio, and changed with the prevalence of technology, making easier for
clips in addition to the regular text. It is even capable of students to obtain language learning skills. Multimedia
sending message and formatted multimedia documents. At the motivates students to learn more languages through audio,
same time the multimedia also helps in live which is a live visual and animation support. It also helps create English
interaction through audio messages and it is only possible with contexts since an important aspect of learning a language is
the multimedia. It reduces the time and cost can be arranged at developing their grammar, vocabulary and knowledge of
any moment even in emergencies. It is adequate for pragmatics and genres. In addition, cultural connections in
communication and meetings. At the same time the terms of forms, contexts, meanings and ideologies have to be
multimedia is sufficiency useful services based on images. constructed. By improving thought patterns, multimedia
3.4 Multimedia in Business: develops students’ communicative competence by improving
273
their capacity to understand the language. One of the studies, 4.4 Video player
carried out by Izquierdo, Simard and Pulido, presented the Upload videos and display them in a professional player or
correlation between “Multimedia Instruction (MI) and embed videos directly from video sharing websites such as
learners’ second language (L2)” and its effects on learning http://www.youtube.com.
behavior. Their findings based on Gardner’s theory of the
“socio-educational model of learner motivation and attitudes”,
the study shows that there is easier access to language learning
materials as well as increased motivation with MI along with
the use of Computer-Assisted Language Learning. 4.5 Embedded documents
3.8 Medicine: Embed already existing documents from script.com or other
In medicine, doctors can get trained by looking at a virtual document sharing websites directly into your website for easy
surgery or they can simulate how the human body is affected viewing.
by diseases spread by viruses and bacteria and then develop Example: Invisible Alligators – Children’s book by Hayes
techniques to prevent it. Multimedia applications such as Roberts
virtual surgeries also help doctors to get practical training. 5. MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS:
4. FEATURES OF MULTIMEDIA: A Multimedia Application is an application which uses a
4.1 Photo gallery: multiple media foundations e.g. text, graphics, images,
Show your photos arranged in a nice-looking grid format. sound/audio, animation and/or video. Multimedia conference
Example: covers the certain tools functional in multimedia systems and
key multimedia applications. It encompasses of Audio, video
dispensation, Virtual reality and 3-D imaging, Virtual reality
and 3-D imaging, Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence.
Multimedia Applications is the conception of exciting and
innovative multimedia systems that connect information
modified to the user in a non-linear communicating format.
Multimedia conference deliberates the basic and novel
4.2 Slideshows:
features of multimedia document handling, programming,
Combine your pictures with music and animate them in a
security, human computer interfaces, and multimedia
slideshow.
application facilities.
Example:
• Audio, video processing
• Education and training
• Multimedia analysis and Internet
• Artificial Intelligence
• Virtual reality and 3-D imaging
• Wireless, Mobile Computing
• Animation and Graphics
4.3 Audio player:
• Visual Communication
Add music, podcasts, or other audio files to your website.
6.DELIVERING METHODS OF MULTIMEDIA
Example: Audio Player
CONTENT
6.1 CD-ROM
A Compact Disc or CD is an optical disc used to store digital
274
data, initially established for storing digital audio. The CD, anything) the letters stood for. Usage in the present day varies,
accessible on the market since late 1982, remains the typical with “DVD”, “Digital Video Disc”, and “Digital Versatile
playback medium for marketable audio recordings to the Disc” all being common.
current day, however it has lost ground in recent years to MP3 6.3 About Flash Drives
players. An audio CD consists of one or more stereo tracks A USB flash drive is a data storage device that includes flash
stored using 16-bit PCM coding at a selection rate of 44.1 memory with an integrated Universal Serial Bus (USB)
kHz. Standard CDs have a diameter of 120 mm and can taking interface. USB flash drives are typically removable and
hold about 80 minutes of audio. There are also 80 mm discs, rewritable, and physically much smaller than a floppy disk.
sometimes used for CD singles, which hold approximately 20 Most weigh less than 30 g. As of January 2012 drives of 1
minutes of audio. The technology was later adapted for use as terabytes (TB) are available. and storage capacities as large as
a data storage device, known as a CD-ROM, and to include 2 terabytes are planned, with steady improvements in size and
record once and re-writable media (CD-R and CD-RW price per capacity expected. Some allow up to 100,000
respectively). CD-ROMs and CD-Rs stay widely used write/erase cycles (depending on the exact type of memory
practical application in the computer industry as of 2007. The chip used) and 10 years shelf storage time. USB flash drives
CD and its extensions have been extremely successful: in are often used for the same purposes for which floppy disks or
2004, the worldwide sales of CD audio, CD-ROM, and CD-R CD-ROMs were used. They are smaller, faster, have
reached about 30 billion discs. By 2007, 200 billion CDs had thousands of times more capacity, and are more durable and
been sold global. reliable because they have no moving parts. Until
6.2 DVD approximately 2005, most desktop and laptop computers were
DVD (also known as “Digital Versatile Disc” or “Digital supplied with floppy disk drives, but floppy disk drives have
Video Disc”) is a best-selling optical disc storage media been abandoned in favor of USB ports. USB flash drives use
format. Its primary uses are video and data storage. Most the USB mass storage standard, supported natively by modern
DVDs are of the identical dimensions as compact discs (CDs) operating systems such as Linux, Mac OS X, Windows, and
but store more than 6 times the data. Variant of the term DVD other Unix-like systems, as well as many BIOS boot ROMs.
often depict the way data is stored on the discs: DVD-ROM USB drives with USB 2.0 support can store more data and
has data which can only be read and not written, DVD-R can transfer faster than much larger optical disc drives like CD-
be written once and then functions as a DVD-ROM, and RW or DVD-RW drives and can be read by many other
DVD-RAM or DVD-RW holds data that can be re-written systems such as the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, DVD players
multiple times. DVD-Video and DVD-Audio discs and in some upcoming mobile smart phones.
respectively mention to decently formatted and organized
video and audio contented. Another types of DVD discs, 6.4 About Internet
consider those with video content, may be referred to as DVD- The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer
Data discs. The term “DVD” is commonly misused to refer to networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP)
high density optical disc formats in general, such as Blu-ray to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of
and HD DVD.“DVD” was originally used as an initialism for networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic,
the unofficial term “digital video disc”. It was reported in business, and government networks, of local to global scope,
1995, at the time of the specification finalization, that the that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and
letters officially stood for “digital versatile disc” (due to non- optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an
video applications), however, the text of the press release extensive range of information resources and services, such as
announcing the specification finalization only refers to the the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web
technology as “DVD”, making no mention of what (if (WWW) and the infrastructure to support email.
275
7. ADVANTAGES OF MULTIMEDIA There is a wide variety of gadget models which arouses

Creativity: incompatibilities of media formats.
It brings more life to discussions. Fragile:
Variety: The device used for multimedia must be used with attention;
It caters all types of learners. vulnerability to moisture or other elements could cause costly,
Cost-effective: reparable damage which would require another purchase of a
Multimedia mostly requires only a one-time purchase of device.
devices and software, which can be used unlimited times 9. CONCLUSION:
thereafter. There are two ways we can think through with multimedia.
Evaluation: The first is to think about multimedia through definitions,
It offers ideal learning assessment tools which are also histories, examples, and theoretical problems. The second way
entertaining for the students. is to use multimedia to deliberation and to communicate
Realistic Approach: thought. The domain study of multimedia system is a
It provides approaches which make learning more realistic. "thinking-about" that is typically communicated through
Wide Variety of Support: academic locale like textbooks, articles, and lectures.
Multiple media formats are available for use, with different "Thinking-with" is the occupation of multimedia that has its
models being able to create multimedia. own traditions of linguistic unit, forms of organization, tools,
Trendy: and outcomes. To think-with multimedia is to use multimedia
The current trend of culture leans toward technology, and a to research ideas and to communicate them. In a field like
great number of resources are being made available for multimedia, where what we think about is so new, it is
different media formats. important to think-with. Scholars of multimedia should take
8. DISADVANTAGES OF MULTIMEDIA seriously the challenge of creating multimedia as a way of
Accessibility: thinking about multimedia and attempt to create exemplary
Multimedia definite quantity electricity to be operated, which works of multimedia in the cognitive content of the
may not be accessible in some rural areas or may not be humanities.
systematically acquirable due to deficit and intermission. References:
Distracting:  “A survey on Chromecasat digital device” Journal of
Multimedia may take away the focusing from the lesson due Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (ISSN :
to its attention-grabbing formats. 2349-5162) Published in Volume 5 Issue 10 , October-
Costly: 2018.
Production of multimedia is more costly than others because it  Wikipedia:Link:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia.
is made up of more than one medium.. Production of  digitalhumanities,Link:http://digitalhumanities.org/compa
multimedia requires an electronic device, which may be nion/view?docId=blackwell/9781405103213/9781405103
relatively expensive. Multimedia requires electricity to run, 213.xml&chunk.id=ss1210&toc.id=0&brand=978140510
which adds to the cost of its use. 3213_brand .
Time Consuming:  Advances in intelligent and soft computing in multimedia
Creating multimedia requires more time. by Ngic-thanhnguyen.
Requires Mastery :  Multimedia Applications by KlaraNahrstedt and Ralf
Multimedia requires consistent and long practice to master, Steinmetz.
which may take a lot of time and energy from the user.  Multimedia and web technology by reetasahoo and
Limited Support/Compatibility: ganansahoo.
276
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CSCA0101
COMPUTING BASICS
Chapter 7
Software
1
Software
1. Computer Application Software

2. Types of Computer Software
3. Software Licensing
4. Types of Software License
5. Software Piracy
2
Software
Software
• Computer software, or just software, is a collection

of computer programs and related data that provides
the instructions for telling a computer what to do and
how to do it.
• Any set of instructions that guides the hardware
and tells it how to accomplish each task.
3
Software
Software
Software
System Programming Application

Software Software Software
4
Software
System Software
• System software is computer software designed to

operate the computer hardware to provide basic
functionality and to provide a platform for running
application software.
• Refers to the operating system and all utility
programs that manage computer resources at a low
level.
5
Software
System Software
• The BIOS (basic input/output system) gets the

computer system started after you turn it on and
manages the data flow between the operating
system and attached devices such as the hard disk,
video adapter, keyboard, mouse, and printer.
• The boot program loads the operating system into
the computer's main memory or random access
memory (RAM).
• System software also includes system utilities, such
as the disk defragmenter and System Restore.
6
Software
System Software
Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) Program
7
Software
System Software
Disk Defragmenter
8
Software
System Software
Disk Cleanup
9
Software
System Software
Disk Partition Tool
10
Software
Programming Software
• Programming software include tools in the form of

programs or applications that software developers
use to create, debug, maintain, or otherwise
support other programs and applications.
• The term usually refers to relatively simple programs
such as compilers, debuggers, interpreters,
linkers, and text editors,
11
Software
• Example of programming language:

– C
– C++
– C#
– BASIC
– JAVA
– Visual Basic
– Phyton
– HTML
– PHP
12
Software
• Example of programming language:

– C
– C++
– C#
– BASIC
– JAVA
– Visual Basic
– Phyton
– HTML
– PHP
13
Software
14
Software
Application Software
• A program or group of programs designed for end

users
• Allows end users to accomplish one or more specific
(non-computer related) tasks.
15
Software
Examples of Computer Application Software
• Word processor
• Spreedsheet
• Presentation Software
• Database Management System
• Dekstop Publisher
• Graphic Editor
• Web Browser
16
Software
Word Processor
• Word processor is a software program capable of

creating, storing, and printing documents.
• Unlike the standard typewriter, users using word
processors have the ability of creating a document
and making any changes anywhere in the document.
• This document can also be saved for modification at
a later time or to be opened on any other computer
using the same word processor.
17
Software
Word Processor
Features
• Insert text
• Delete text
• Cut and paste
• Copy
• Page size and margins
• Search and replace
• Print
18
Software
Word Processor
Examples
• Microsoft Word
• WordPro
• AppleWorks
19
Software
Spreadsheet
• Spreadsheet is a data file made up of rows and

columns that are used to sort data and allow a user
to manipulate and arrange data easily, commonly
numerical data.
• What makes a spreadsheet software program most
unique is its ability to calculate values using
mathematical formulas and the data in the cells.
20
Software
Spreadsheet
• Features:
– Formulas
– Functions
– Charts
– Cut/Copy/Paste with single cells or ranges of cells
– Cells formatting
– Cells merging
21
Software
Spreadsheet
Examples
• Microsoft Excel
• Lotus 1-2-3
• Apple Numbers
• OpenOffice Calc
22
Software
Presentation Software
• A presentation program is a software program that

helps create a slideshow that addresses a topic.
• Presentation programs are often used in businesses
and schools for discussing a topic or for teaching.
• It typically includes three major functions:
– an editor that allows text to be inserted and
formatted
– a method for inserting and manipulating graphic
images
– a slide-show system to display the content.
23
Software
• Features:
– Insert Slide
– Deletion of Inserted slides
– Allows cut and paste slides in any order.
– Allows duplication content or slide
– Allows you to display the presentation designed in
a slide show system. (View Slide Feature)
– Allows animations and/or sounds manipulations on
objects in the slide.
24
Software
Example:
• Microsoft PowerPoint
• Adobe Persuasion
• Hypercard
• OpenOffice Impress
• Scala Multimedia
25
Software
Database Management System (DBMS) Software
• A program that controls the organization, storage,

management, and retrieval of data in a database.
• Users can create tables, queries, forms and reports.
26
Software
Database Management System (DBMS) Software
• Example:
– Microsoft Access
– Oracle Database
– MySQL
– FoxPro
27
Software
Desktop Publishing Software
• Used to produce high-quality printed documents such

as magazine, greeting card, posters, etc.
• Allows you to use different typefaces, specify various
margins and justifications, and embed illustrations
and graphs directly into the text.
28
Software
Desktop Publishing Software
• Example:
– Adobe Indesign
– QuarkXpress
– MS Publisher
29
Software
Web Browser
• Web browser, a software application used to locate

and display Web pages.
• Example:
– Internet Explore (IE)
– Mozilla Firefox
– Opera
30
Software
Web Browser
31
Software
Graphic Software
• Graphics software or image editing software is a

program or collection of programs that enable a
person to manipulate visual images on a computer.
• Computer graphics can be classified into two distinct
categories:
– raster graphics
– vector graphics
32
Software
Raster Graphic Editor
• A raster graphics editor is a computer program that

allows users to paint and edit pictures interactively on
the computer screen and save them in one of many
popular “bitmap” or “raster” formats
• Common features:
– Select a region for editing
– Draw lines with brushes of different color, size,
shape and pressure
– Add typed letters in different font styles
– Apply various filters for effects
– Convert between various image formats
33
Software
Bitmap Graphic Editor
Examples
• Adobe Photoshop
• PaintShop Pro
• iPhoto
• GIMP
34
Software
Vector Graphic Editor
• Also known as drawing software.

• A computer program that allows users to compose
and edit vector graphics images interactively on a
computer.
• Vector editors are often better for page layout,
typography, logos, sharp-edged artistic illustrations
(e.g. cartoons, clip art, complex geometric patterns),
technical illustrations, diagramming and flowcharting.
35
Software
Vector Graphic Editor
Examples
• Adobe Illustrator
• Macromedia Freehand
• Xara Xtreme
• Inkscape
36
Software
Accounting Software
• Accounting software is an application software that

records & processes accounting transactions within
functional modules such as accounts payable,
accounts receivable, payroll, and trial balance.
• It functions as an accounting information system.
37
Software
Accounting Software
• Features:
– Accounts receivable
– Accounts payable
– General ledger
– Billing
– Stock/inventory
– Purchase order
– Sales order
– Bookkeeping
38
Software
Accounting Software
• Examples:
– Microsoft Money
– MYOB
– USB
– SAGE
39
Software
Other Examples:
• Computer Aided Design (CAD)

• Video Editor
• Sound Editor
• Video Games
• Educational Software
• Email Client
• Electronic Media
40
Software
Software Licensing
• Is a legal instrument (by way of contract law)

governing the usage or redistribution of software
• Allowing an individual or group to use a piece of
software
• Nearly all applications are licensed
• Some are based on the number machines on which
the licensed program can run whereas others are
based on the number of users that can use the
program
41
Software
Types of Software License
• Registerware
• Shareware
• Freeware
• Open source
• Demoware
• Abandonware
42
Software
Registerware
• Refers to computer software which requires the user

to give personal information through registration in
order to download or use the program.
43
Software
Shareware/Demoware
• Refers to copyrighted commercial software that is

distributed without payment on a trial basis and is
limited by any combination of functionality,
availability, or convenience.
44
Software
Freeware
• Computer software that is available for use with no

cost or for an optional fee.
• Freeware is different from shareware, where the
user is obliged to pay.
45
Software
Open Source Software (OSS)
• OSS is also a free software.

• OSS can be defined as computer software for which
the human-readable source code is made available
under a copyright license (or arrangement such as
the public domain) that meets the Open Source
Definition.
• This permits users to use, change, and improve the
software, and to redistribute it in modified or
unmodified form.
46
Software
Abandonware
• It refers to sofware that is no longer available for

purchase or that is at least a certain amount of years
old.
47
Software
License Key
• A software license key is a pattern of numbers

and/or letters provided to licensed users of a
software program.
• License keys are typically created and delivered via
a license generator once a software user has paid
for the software and has agreed to the conditions of
use and distribution as legally specified in the
software license.
48
Software
License Key
49
Software
Software Piracy
• The unauthorized copying of software.

• Refers to ways of obtaining software without the
permission of the software holder
• Some common types of software piracy include:
– Counterfeit software
– OEM unbundling
– Softlifting
– Hard disk loading
– Internet software piracy
50
Software
Software Piracy
Counterfeit Software
• A type of software piracy that occurs when fake

copies of software are produced using a CD burner
to copy the software
• Counterfeit software is usually sold at prices well
below that of the retail price of the legitimate
software
51
Software
Software Piracy
OEM Unbundling
• Original equipment manufacturer (OEM)

unbundling is a type of software piracy that occurs
when OEM-packaged software is separated from the
hardware it originally came bundled with, at the
OEM or retail level of sale.
52
Software
Software Piracy
Softlifting
• A type of software piracy that occurs when users

share their software with other users who are not
authorized to have access by the End-User License
Agreement (EULA).
• The most common type of softlifting occurs when a
person does legitimately purchase software but
installs it onto multiple computers which is a violation
of the licensing agreement.
53
Software
Software Piracy
Hard Disk Loading
• A type of software piracy that occurs when hardware

dealers install an unauthorized copy of commercial
software onto a computer system.
• In many cases consumers will not receive any
manuals or original CD of the software but the
hardware dealer may charge for the illegal software
in the total system purchase price.
54
Software
Software Piracy
Internet Software Piracy
• A type of software piracy that occurs when software,

which is illegally obtained through Internet channels,
usually through peer-to-peer file sharing systems or
downloaded from pirate Web sites that make
software available for download for free or in
exchange for users who uploaded software
55
CSCA0101
COMPUTING BASICS
Chapter 5
Storage Devices
1
Storage Devices
1. Computer Data Storage

2. Types of Storage
3. Storage Device Features
4. Other Examples of Storage Device
2
Storage Devices
Storage Devices
• A storage device is used in the computers to store

the data.
• Provides one of the core functions of the modern
computer.
3
Storage Devices
Types of Storage
There are four type of storage:
• Primary Storage
• Secondary Storage
• Tertiary Storage
• Off-line Storage
4
Storage Devices
Primary Storage
• Also known as main memory.

• Main memory is directly or indirectly connected to
the central processing unit via a memory bus.
• The CPU continuously reads instructions stored
there and executes them as required.
• Example:
– RAM
– ROM
– Cache
5
Storage Devices
Primary Storage
RAM
• It is called Random Access Memory because any of

the data in RAM can be accessed just as fast as any
of the other data.
• There are two types of RAM:
– DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)
– SRAM (Static Random Access Memory)
6
Storage Devices
Primary Storage
RAM
Static RAM Dynamic RAM
• Faster • Slower
• More expensive • Less expensive
• More power consumption • Less power consumption
• does not need to be refreshed • needs to be refreshed thousands
of times per second
7
Storage Devices
Primary Storage
ROM
• This memory is used as the computer
begins to boot up.
• Small programs called firmware are
often stored in ROM chips on hardware
devices (like a BIOS chip), and they
contain instructions the computer can
use in performing some of the most
basic operations required to operate
hardware devices.
• ROM memory cannot be easily or
quickly overwritten or modified.
8
Storage Devices
Primary Storage
Cache
• Cache is a high-speed access area that can be

either a reserved section of main memory or a
storage device.
• Most computers today come with L3 cache or L2
cache, while older computers included only L1
cache.
9
Storage Devices
Secondary Storage
• It is not directly accessible by the CPU.

• Computer usually uses its input/output channels to
access secondary storage and transfers the desired
data using intermediate area in primary storage.
• Example:
– Hard disk
10
Storage Devices
Secondary Storage
Hard Disk
• The hard disk drive is the main, and usually largest,
data storage device in a computer.
• It can store anywhere from 160 gigabytes to 2
terabytes.
• Hard disk speed is the speed at which content can
be read and written on a hard disk.
• A hard disk unit comes with a set rotation speed
varying from 4500 to 7200 rpm.
• Disk access time is measured in milliseconds.
11
Storage Devices
Secondary Storage
Hard Disk
Internal Hard disk External Hard disk
12
Storage Devices
Secondary Storage
Hard Disk
Internal Hard disk External Hard disk

Portability No Yes
Price Less expensive More expensive
Speed Fast Slow
Size Big Small
13
Storage Devices
Tertiary Storage
• Typically it involves a robotic mechanism which will

mount (insert) and dismount removable mass
storage media into a storage device.
• It is a comprehensive computer storage system that
is usually very slow, so it is usually used to archive
data that is not accessed frequently.
• This is primarily useful for extraordinarily large data
stores, accessed without human operators.
14
Storage Devices
Tertiary Storage
• Examples:
– Magnetic Tape
– Optical Disc
15
Storage Devices
Tertiary Storage
Magnetic Tape
• A magnetically coated strip of

plastic on which data can be
encoded.
• Tapes for computers are similar to
tapes used to store music.
• Tape is much less expensive than
other storage mediums but
commonly a much slower solution
that is commonly used for backup.
16
Storage Devices
Tertiary Storage
Optical Disc
• Optical disc is any storage media that holds content

in digital format and is read using a laser assembly
is considered optical media.
• The most common types of optical media are
– Blu-ray (BD)
– Compact Disc (CD)
– Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
17
Storage Devices
Tertiary Storage
Optical Disc
CD DVD BD
Capacity 700MB 4.7GB – 17GB 50GB
Wavelength 780nm 650nm 405nm
Read/Write 1200KB/s 10.5MB/s 36MB/s
Speed
Example • CD-ROM, • DVD-ROM • BD-R
• CD-R • DVD+R/RW • BD-RE
• CD-RW • DVD-R/RW
• DVD-RAM
18
Storage Devices
Tertiary Storage
Optical Disc
19
Storage Devices
Off-line Storage
• Also known as disconnected storage.

• Is a computer data storage on a medium or a device
that is not under the control of a processing unit.
• It must be inserted or connected by a human
operator before a computer can access it again.
20
Storage Devices
Off-line Storage
• Also known as disconnected or removable

storage.
• Is a computer data storage on a medium or a device
that is not under the control of a processing unit.
• It must be inserted or connected by a human
operator before a computer can access it again.
21
Storage Devices
Off-line Storage
• Examples:
– Floppy Disk
– Zip diskette
– USB Flash drive
– Memory card
22
Storage Devices
Off-line Storage
Floppy Disk
• A soft magnetic disk.

• Floppy disks are portable.
• Floppy disks are slower to access than hard disks
and have less storage capacity, but they are much
less expensive.
• Can store data up to 1.44MB.
• Two common sizes: 5 ¼” and 3 ½”.
23
Storage Devices
Off-line Storage
Floppy Disk
5 ¼ inch Floppy Disk 3 ½ inch Floppy Disk
24
Storage Devices
Off-line Storage
Zip Diskette
• Hardware data storage device

developed by Iomega that
functions like a Standard 1.44"
floppy drive.
• Capable to hold up to 100 MB of
data or 250 MB of data on new
drives.
• Now it less popular as users
needed larger storage
capabilities.
25
Storage Devices
Off-line Storage
USB Flash Drive
• A small, portable flash memory

card that plugs into a
computer’s USB port and
functions as a portable hard
drive.
• Flash drives are available in
sizes such as 256MB, 512MB,
1GB, 5GB, and 16GB and are
an easy way to transfer and
store information.
26
Storage Devices
Off-line Storage
Memory Card
• An electronic flash memory storage disk commonly

used in consumer electronic devices such as digital
cameras, MP3 players, mobile phones, and other
small portable devices.
• Memory cards are usually read by connecting the
device containing the card to your computer, or by
using a USB card reader.
27
Storage Devices
Off-line Storage
Memory Card
Secure Digital card (SD) MiniSD Compact Flash Memory Stick
MultiMedia card XD-Picture card Memory card reader
28
Storage Devices
Storage Device Features
• Volatility
• Accessibility
• Mutability
• Addressability
29
Storage Devices
Volatility
• Two types of volatility:

– Volatile Memory
– Non-Volatile Memory
30
Storage Devices
Volatility
Volatile Memory
• Requires constant power to maintain the stored

information.
• The fastest memory technologies.
• All contents are erased when the system's power is
turned off or interrupted.
• It has been more popularly known as temporary
memory.
31
Storage Devices
Volatility
Non-Volatile Memory
• Will retain the stored information even if it is not

constantly supplied with electric power.
• Non volatile memory is the device which keeps the
data even when the current is off.
• It is suitable for long-term storage of information.
32
Storage Devices
Accessibility
• Refers to reading or writing data records

• Two types of accessibility:
– Random access
– Sequential access
33
Storage Devices
Accessibility
Random Access
• Any location in storage can be accessed at any

moment in approximately the same amount of time.
• Such characteristic is well suited for primary and
secondary storage.
34
Storage Devices
Accessibility
Sequential Access
• The accessing of pieces of information will be in a

serial order, one after the other; therefore the time to
access a particular piece of information depends
upon which piece of information was last accessed.
• Such characteristic is typical of off-line storage.
35
Storage Devices
Mutability
• Allows information to be overwritten at any time.

• A computer without some amount of read/write
storage for primary storage purposes would be
useless for many tasks.
• Three types of mutability:
– Read/write storage or mutable storage
– Read only storage
– Slow write, fast read storage
36
Storage Devices
Mutability
Read/Write Storage or Mutable Storage
• Allows information to be overwritten at any time.

• A computer without some amount of read/write
storage for primary storage purposes would be
useless for many tasks.
37
Storage Devices
Mutability
Read Only Storage
• Retains the information stored at the time of

manufacture, and write once storage (WORM)
allows the information to be written only once at
some point after manufacture.
• These are called immutable storage.
38
Storage Devices
Mutability
Slow Write, Fast Read Storage
• Read/write storage which allows information to be

overwritten multiple times, but with the write
operation being much slower than the read
operation.
39
Storage Devices
Addressability
• Three types of addressability

– Location-addressable
– File addressable
– Content-addressable
40
Storage Devices
Addressability
Location-addressable
• Each individually accessible unit of information in

storage is selected with its numerical memory
address.
41
Storage Devices
Addressability
File addressable
• Information is divided into files of variable length,

and a particular file is selected with human-readable
directory and file names.
42
Storage Devices
Addressability
Content-addressable
• Each individually accessible unit of information is

selected based on the basis of (part of) the contents
stored there.
• Content-addressable storage can be implemented
using software (computer program) or hardware
(computer device), with hardware being faster but
more expensive option.
• Hardware content addressable memory is often
used in a computer's CPU cache.
43
Storage Devices
Other Example of Storage Devices
• Punch card
• Cloud storage
• RAID
44
Storage Devices
Punched Card
• Early method of data storage used with early

computers
• Punch cards also known as Hollerith cards
• Containing several punched holes that represents
data
45
Storage Devices
Cloud Storage
• Cloud storage means "the storage of data online in

the cloud," wherein a data is stored in and
accessible from multiple distributed and connected
resources that comprise a cloud.
• Cloud storage can provide the benefits of greater
accessibility and reliability; rapid deployment; strong
protection for data backup, archival and disaster
recovery purposes.
46
Storage Devices
Cloud Storage
• Examples:
– Google Drive
– Flickr
– Microsoft Sky Drive
47
Storage Devices
RAID
• RAID is short for redundant array of independent (or

inexpensive) disks.
• It is a category of disk drives that employ two or
more drives in combination for fault tolerance and
performance.
• RAID disk drives are used frequently on servers but
aren't generally necessary for personal computers.
• RAID allows you to store the same data redundantly
(in multiple paces) in a balanced way to improve
overall storage performance.
48
CSCA0101
COMPUTING BASICS
Chapter 9
The Internet
1
The Internet
1. The Internet
2. Types of Network
3. What Makes Internet Works?
4. Internet Equipment
5. Internet Applications
2
The Internet
The Internet
• A global network connecting

millions of computers
• More than 100 countries are
linked into exchanges of
data, news and opinions.
• The Internet links are
computer networks all over
the world so that users can
share resources and
communicate with each
other.
3
The Internet
Types of Computer Network
Local Area Network (LAN)
• A LAN connects network devices over a relatively

short distance.
• A networked office building, school, or home usually
contains a single LAN, though sometimes one
building will contain a few small LANs (perhaps one
per room), and occasionally a LAN will span a group
of nearby buildings.
4
The Internet
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
• A metropolitan area network(MAN) is a large

computer network that usually spans a city or a large
campus.
• A MAN often acts as a high speed network to allow
sharing of regional resources.
• A MAN typically covers an area of between 5km and
50km diameter.
• A MAN might be owned and operated by a single
organization, but it usually will be used by many
individuals and organizations.
5
The Internet
Wide Area Network(WAN)
• WAN covers a large geographic area such as

country, continent or even whole of the world.
• A WAN is a geographically-dispersed collection of
LANs.
• Most WANs (like the Internet) are not owned by any
one organization but rather exist under collective or
distributed ownership and management.
6
The Internet
Internet Access
• To gain access to the internet, the user has to

register to any Internet Service Provider (ISP).
• Types of Internet connection:
– Dail-up
– Integrated services digital network
– Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
– Wireless Internet Connections
– Internet over Satellite
7
The Internet
Internet Access
Dial-up
• Slower that other type of connection

• Connects through existing phone lines using dial-up
modem
• Cheapest
• Must “dial-up” to connect to Internet and disconnect
when done.
• Cannot use Internet and phone line at the same
time.
8
The Internet
Internet Access
Dial-up
9
The Internet
Internet Access
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
• Broadband – faster than dial-up connection

• Connects through phone lines, but does not require
phone service
• Always on
• Internet and phone can be used in the same time
• Unavailable in many location
10
The Internet
Internet Access
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
11
The Internet
Internet Access
Cable
• Broadband – faster than dial-up and DSL

• Use cable connection
• Always on
• Only available where cable is available
12
The Internet
Internet Access
Cable
13
The Internet
Internet Access
Satellite
• Broadband – faster than dial-up, but data is delayed

• Connects via satellites
• Can be affected by rain and snow
• Does not require phone lines and cables
• Can be use anywhere around the world
14
The Internet
Internet Access
Satellite
15
The Internet
Internet Access
3G and 4G
• Available for mobile phones, computers and tablets

• Connects wirelessly through 3G/4G provider
• Can access Internet anywhere
• Slower than DSL and Cable connection
16
The Internet
Internet Access
3G and 4G
17
The Internet
Choosing Internet Service Provider
Below are some things to consider as you research

ISPs:
• Speed
• Price
• Ease of Installation
• Service Record
• Technical Support
• Contract Terms
18
The Internet
How Internet Works?
• Because the Internet is a global network of

computers each computer connected to the Internet
must have a unique address.
• This address is known as an IP address.
19
The Internet
Internet Requirement
• Computer with modem/router/network card.

• Internet account with ISP.
• Application software:
– Web browser (Firefox, Chrome)
– Email client (MS Outlook)
– Plugins software (Adobe Reader, Flash Player)
• Optional: Speaker, Printer, Webcam
20
The Internet
Internet Usages
• Communication
• Send and receive emails
• Download files
• Post your opinion to a newsgroup
• Chatting
• Surf the world wide web
• Business
• Shopping
• Entertainment
21
The Internet
Internet Applications
• An Internet application is an interactive, compiled

application that can be accessed through a
corporate or through the Internet.
• Internet applications can perform complex business
processes on either the client or the server.
• The application uses the Internet protocol to receive
requests from a client, typically a Web browser,
process associated code, and return data to the
browser.
22
The Internet
Internet Applications
• The World-Wide Web (WWW)

• Electronic Mail (E-Mail)
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Search Engine
• Chatting
• Video Conferencing
• E-Commerce
23
The Internet
World Wide Web (WWW)
• The World Wide Web is a

system of interlinked hypertext
documents accessed via the
Internet
• With a web browser, one can
view web pages that may
contain text, images, videos,
and other multimedia and
navigate between them via
hyperlinks
24
The Internet
• It use a protocol called HTTP – Hypertext Transfer

Protocol
• HTTP defines how messages are formatted and
transmitted, and what actions Web servers and
browsers should take in response to various
commands.
25
The Internet
• A Uniform Resource Locator, or URL is the

address of a document you'll find on the WWW.
• The elements in a URL:
Protocol://server's address/filename
• Example:
http://www.google.com/index.html
26
The Internet
Types of website:
• Static
– A static website is one that has web pages stored
on the server in the format that is sent to a client
web browser. It is primarily coded in Hypertext
Markup Language (HTML)
• Dynamic
– A dynamic website is one that changes or
customizes itself frequently and automatically,
based on certain criteria.
27
The Internet
Electronic Mail (Email)
• The transmission of messages over communications

networks.
• It is a fast and efficient way to communicate with
friends or colleagues.
• You can communicate with one person at a time or
thousands; you can receive and send files and other
information.
28
The Internet
• Basic email functions:

– send and receive mail messages
– save your messages in a file
– print mail messages
– reply to mail messages
– attach a file to a mail message
29
The Internet
• Email address
someone@mail server
• The email address has three parts:
– a user name
– an "at" sign (@)
– the address of the user's mail server
• Example
Harris@ftms.edu.my
30
The Internet
Email Client
• An email client is a computer program used to

manage a user's email.
• Popular email clients include Microsoft Outlook,
Pegasus Mail, Mozilla's Thunderbird, and Apple
Inc.'s Mail.
31
The Internet
Web-based mail
• Is an e-mail service intended to be primarily

accessed via a web browser.
• Very popular webmail providers:
– Gmail
– Yahoo! Mail
– Hotmail
• Web mail is popular as it allows you to send or
receive e-mail from anywhere.
32
The Internet
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• The protocol for exchanging files over the Internet.

• Used for moving files between two hosts on a
TCP/IP network.
• FTP is most commonly used to download a file from
a server using the Internet or to upload a file to a
server.
33
The Internet
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• To do FTP, a user invokes one of two commands:

– get - the command for transferring a file from
another server to your own computer.
– put - the command for moving a file from your
computer to another one.
34
The Internet
Search Engine
• A search engine is designed to
search for information on the
internet.
• Search engine presents the
search results in the form of a
search results list.
• The search results can be web
pages, images, videos, and other
type of files.
• Example:
– Google
– Bing
35
The Internet
Chatting
• Chatting is the other

method for Internet
conversation.
• It enables people connected
anywhere on the Internet to
join in live discussions.
• Chat sessions allow many
users to join in the same
free-form conversation,
usually centered around a
discussion topic.
36
The Internet
Chatting
Examples:
• MSN Messenger
• Yahoo Messenger
• IRC
• Pidgin
37
The Internet
Video Conferencing
• A videoconference or
video conference is a set
of interactive
telecommunication
technologies which allow
two or more locations to
interact via two-way video
and audio transmissions
simultaneously.
38
The Internet
Video Conferencing
The other components required for a videoconferencing

system include:
• Video input and output

• Audio input and output
• Data transfer
• Computer
39
The Internet
E-Commerce
• Electronic commerce or E-
Commerce consists of the buying
and selling of products or
services over electronic systems
such as the Internet and other
computer networks.
• It includes the entire online
process of developing,
marketing, selling, delivering,
servicing and paying for products
and services.
40
The Internet
E-Commerce
Some common applications related to electronic

commerce are the following:
• Domestic and international payment systems
• Group buying
• Automated online assistants
• Online shopping and order tracking
• Online banking
• Shopping cart software
• Electronic tickets
41

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What is Internet?

 A network of networks based on the TCP/IP communications protocol.

What is Web Browser?

Search Engine: Google, Yahoo, Bing

What is SMTP Server?

LAN - Local Area Network

MAN - Metropolitan Area Network

WAN - Wide Area Network

 The Internet is a globally-connected network of computers that enables

Examples of Input Device

• Desktop computer keyboards, such as the 101-key

• The laptop computer keyboard is

• The gaming keyboards are designed for the

• The virtual keyboards are not actually physical

• Foldable keyboards are

• Used in Germany, Hungary and Czech Republic

• It is used by most French speakers based in Europe

• Alternative for QWERTY

Key Type Example

• The Function keys or F1 through F12 keys are used

• The Control keys are what give you additional control

• Although not available on all computer keyboards,

• The arrow keys are four directional arrow keys that

Keyboard Shortcut Keys

Alt + E Edit options in current program

F1 Universal Help in almost every Windows program.

Home Goes to beginning of current line.

Ctrl + Home Goes to beginning of document.

Shift + End Highlights from current position to end of line.

Ctrl + Left arrow Moves one word to the left at a time.

Ctrl + Right arrow Moves one word to the right at a time.

• A device that controls the

• Mechanical: Has a rubber or

• A trackball is a mouse lying on its

• A small, touch-sensitive pad used

• A graphics tablet (or digitizer,

• A light pen is a computer input

• A stylus is a small pen-shaped instrument that is

• A joystick allows an individual to

• A gamepad, game controller, joypad, or video

Imaging and Video Input Devices

Imaging and Video Input Devices

• A camera that stores the pictures or

• A webcam is a hardware camera

Imaging and Video Input Devices

• An optical scanner is a hardware input device that

Imaging and Video Input Devices

Flatbed Scanner Hand-held Scanner

Imaging and Video Input Devices

Flatbed Scanner Handheld Scanner

Imaging and Video Input Devices

• A 3D scanner is a device that

Imaging and Video Input Devices

• A fingerprint scanner or fingerprint reader is a

Imaging and Video Input Devices

• A barcode reader or scanner is a hardware device

Audio Input Devices

Audio Input Devices

Audio Input Devices

• A MIDI (Musical Instruments Digital Interface)

Audio Input Devices

Examples of Output Device

• Monochrome monitors actually display two colors,