Professional Documents
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UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Electromechanical Department
Engineering and
Numerical Analysis
Fourier series
3rdDr.Eng Muhammad.A.R.Yass
Class
Special Function Sultan
Sultan
2009‐2010
Hind
Dr.Eng
Muhammad.A.R.Yass
MOHD_YASS97@YAHOO.COM
Special Function
Gamma Function
Plots of the real and imaginary parts of in the complex plane are illustrated
above.
Integrating equation (3) by parts for a real argument, it can be seen that
1
1
Γ 1 Γ 1
Some special values of G(x)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
where is a double factorial. The first few values for , 3, 5, ... are therefore
n=odd=1,3,5,7
Example(1):- Find Γ 1
Solution:-
Γ
Γ 1 | 1
Γ 1 1
Solution:-
Γ
Γ 12 ……… ….. 2
Γ 12 2 2
Γ 12 2 2 4
Changing to spherical coordinate( , where cos ,, sin
1
Γ 12 4 4
2
Γ 12 √
Example(2):- Evaluate
∞
a:- b:- 3 c:-
√
Solution:-
∞
a:-
∞ ∞
Γ 12 Γ 12
∞ √
……………………………………………………………….
b:- 3
4 3 4 3 2
4√ 3
Γ 12
∞
1
Γ 1 2
4√ 3 4√ 3
………………………………………………………………..
c:- … ……
√
1
√ √
We have Γ 1 2
∞
√ then
Solution:-
a:- Γ we have Γ
let Γ 2√
b:- Γ let Γ √
Solution:- Let
y 1
x e dx e dx y e dy
a
a
1 m 1
Γ
n
a
Beta function
We define Beta function as
, 1 … … … … … … … … … 1
or
, …………………. 2
or
Γ Γ
, … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . 3
Γ
π
, Γ p Γ 1 p … … 4 0 1
1 sin pπ
Examples:- Evaluate
Z
4 0 0
1 1
√ 1
√
1 1
1
1 1 1 1
1 1Γ 4 Γ 2 1Γ 4 Γ 2
1
4 4 Γ 1 1 4 Γ 3
4 2 4
Solution:-
x 2
0 0
√ √ √
1
Compare with eq(1) 1 2….. 3 2
1 …..
√
√
Solution:-
y t a … . . y at … … . dy a t dt
Solution:-
sin θ dθ
1 1
Γ p 1 Γ
2 2
1
2Γ p 2
2
1 1 1 3 1 1 1
Γ r Γ …. Γ .Γ
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2Γ r 1 2 1 ……1
2 1 2 3 … .1 1.3.5 … … . . 2 1
2 2 2 …2 2 2.4.6 … . .2 2
1
Γ r
1 Γ 1 … .1. √ 2.4.6 … 2
2 1 2
3 1 1 1 1.3.5. . 2 1
2Γ r 2 … √
2 2 2 2
In both cases
Bessel Function
1
2
! 1
Solution
1) Prove that when 0 , 1 …
. . .
Bessel polynomial
1
0 2
! 1
1 1 1
2 2 2 1
0! μ 0 1 1! μ 1 1 2! μ 2 1 2
1
1 …
2 μ 2 2 . 2! μ 3 2 . 3! μ 4
μ 1 ! μ 1 !
1 …
2 2 . 2! .2! 2 . 3! 3!
1 …
4 64 2 . 3! 3!
1
1 2
! 2
1
2
! 1 !
μ 2 1 !
1 ………
2 2.4 2.4 . 6
… …
2 2 4 2 .4 .6
2
3 . sin
1
2
1
! 1
2
1
2
! 1.5
√ 1 1 1
2 2 2
√2 0! μ 1.5 1! μ 2.5 2! μ 3.5
√ 1
1.5
2! μ 3.5 … …
√2 μ 2.1 ! μ 2.5
1
μ 1.5 0.5 μ 0.5 √
2
31
μ 2.5 1.5 μ 1.5 √
22
5 531
μ 3.5 2.5 μ 2.5 μ 2.5 √
2 222
7531
μ 4.5 3.5 μ 3.5 √
2222
√ 1
… …
√2 1 √ 2 . 1!
31
2 . 2! .
531
2 22√ 222 √
√
1 … …
1 3 2 ! 5 4 3 2!
√2 2 √
2√
1 … …
√2√ 3! 5!
√ 2
1 … …
√ 3! 5!
√ √2
… …
√ 3! 5!
2
… …
3! 5!
Note
sin … …
3! 5! 7!
cos 1 … …
2! 4!
2 1
sin sin
2 1 !
1
cos
2 !
7 prove that
2
cos
4
1
1
2 2
! μ 1
1
1
2
! μ 1
1 2 2
2 !μ 1
Note
μ 1 !
1 2
2 ! !
1 2
2 ! !
Note
1 μ 1 .μ
2 μ 1 !
3 μ 1 μ 1 1 !
4 ! 1 !
L.H.S
1
2 ! ! 1
L.H.S
1
… … …
2 ! ! 1
1
2 . ! μ 1 1
1
2 !μ 1
1
2 !μ 1 1
1
2 . !μ 1 1
5
اﻟﻄﺮف اﻻﻳﺴﺮ
1
2 !μ 1
1
2 !μ 1
1 2
2 !μ 1
1
2 !μ 1
1
اﻻﻳﺴﺮ اﻟﻄﺮف … 8
2 1 !μ 1
اﻟﻄﺮف اﻻﻳﻤﻦ
1
2 !μ 1
1 1
2 !μ 2
1
2 !μ 2
1
2 !μ 2
Putting in a bore eq. K K ‐1
1
2 1 !μ 1 2
1
… … …
2 1 !μ 1
6 prove that
2
Sol. We have from 4
̀ .
̀ .
̀
̀ – ………
5
̀ .
̀
̀ /
̀ ………
0
2
8 show that ̀
We have ̀
Putting n 0 then
0
̀
̀
9 show that ̀ / sin
We have from 6
Putting n ½
1
2
2
1 2
sin
1 2 2
sin cos
2 sin
cos
2 sin cos
10 prove that ̀
We have from 6 eq. * and ** added
2̀
1
̀
2
11 use Bessel polynomial to show that
̀̀ 1 ̀
Sol. We have from 6 eq. * ̀
̀̀ ̀ ̀
Put n 1
̀
̀̀ ̀ . 8 ̀
̀
̀̀ ̀
̀
̀̀
̀̀ ̀
̀̀ 1 ̀
7 prove that
2
cos
Putting un Bessel polynomial n ‐ ½
1
2
1
!μ 1
2
1
2
2 1
!μ 1
2
2 1 1 1
……
2 0! μ 0.5 2.1 ! μ 1.5 2 . 2! μ 2.5
2 1
………
μ 0.5 2! 4 3 2!
√2 1
1 ………
√ √ 2! 4 3 2!
2
1 ………
2! 4!
cos 1 … … …
2! 4!
2
cos
Sol.
2
6
6
6 4 2 2 1
6 4 2 2
48 24 6
2
48 8 24
1
13 Evaluate .
. .
. 2 8 .
. 0 0
M 1
N 1
. 2 8
. 8 2
Home work
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5.
√
6.
7.