RasGas Company Limited

Barzan Onshore Project

Revision Description (Form – 1)

The following summarizes revisions to Document Number. BF-S-B00-1316-001 (S-B00-1316-001).

Changes from REV. 0 to 1.

Item Description Remarks

Para.2.1 B&C. Standard Drawings
1 Drawing number is changed from “BF-D-***-****-***” to
“B-D-***-****-***”.

Para.5.6.2(2)
2 Revised unit from mm/hr to mm/day. BF-S-B00-1316-001 Rev.0
red-line version Oct 1, 2010

Date 23 MAR, 2011 By S.H Check K.T Appr. R.N

Job No. 0-5858-20 Doc. No. : BF-S-B00-1316-001 (S-B00-1316-001) Page 1 of 1
 Job No. Company Doc. No. Rev.

0-5858-20 BF-S-B00-1316-001 1
Contractor Doc. No. Doc. Class

S-B00-1316-001 1
Page 1 of 27

RasGas Company Limited

Barzan Onshore Project

Specification for Plant Drainage and

Sewer Systems

Rev. Issue Date Purpose/ Description of Revision Prepared Reviewed Approved

1 23 Mar, 2011 For Construction S. H K. T R. N

RASGAS USE ONLY

Reproduction and use prohibited except in accordance with RasGas‘s written permission
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Barzan Onshore Project Company Doc. No.: BF-S-B00-1316-001 Rev.1
Specification for Plant Drainage and Sewer Systems Contractor Doc. No.: S-B00-1316-001 Rev.1

Contents
1 SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
2 REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................................... 3
3 DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................................................... 4
4 PLANT DRAINAGE AND SEWER SYSTEMS............................................................................................ 5
5 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS.................................................................................................................... 7
6 DRAINAGE AND SEWER SYSTEM COMPONENTS .............................................................................. 12
7 MATERIALS SELECTION ....................................................................................................................... 17
8 COVER AND PIPE STRENGTH CHECK................................................................................................. 18
9 MATERIAL HANDLING ........................................................................................................................... 19
10 EXCAVATION ......................................................................................................................................... 19
11 LAYING PIPES AND FITTINGS .............................................................................................................. 20
12 PIPE JOINTS .......................................................................................................................................... 21
13 BACKFILLING......................................................................................................................................... 21
14 CONCRETE WORK ................................................................................................................................ 22
15 WATER LEAK TEST ............................................................................................................................... 22

Attachments

Fig- 1 : IDF Curve ......................................................................................................................................... 23

Fig- 2 : NOMOGRAPH FOR DETERMINATION OF OVERLAND FLOW TIME.............................................. 24
Fig- 3 : EQUIPMENT AND PROCESS PAD DRAINAGE ARRANGEMENT ................................................... 25
Fig- 4 : SEWER SYSTEM DETAILS.............................................................................................................. 26
Fig- 5 : FIRE SEAL CONFIGURATION-OFFSITE SEWERS OR MAIN SEWER LINES................................. 27

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Barzan Onshore Project Company Doc. No.: BF-S-B00-1316-001 Rev.1
Specification for Plant Drainage and Sewer Systems Contractor Doc. No.: S-B00-1316-001 Rev.1

1 SCOPE

This specification covers the requirements for the general design, selection of materials and installation of
Plant Drainage and Sewer Systems for RasGas Barzan Onshore Project. It shall be used in conjunction with
BF-S-B87-1222-001.

Closed process drains and collection systems for oils and specially waste streams shall be regarded as
process plant pipework and shall be designed in accordance with Project Specification BF-S-B00-1360-001,
“Piping – General Design”.

2 REFERENCES

The work to be performed under this Specification shall conform to all requirements contained in this
Specification including the following referenced documents. Latest edition of codes, standards, and
regulations issued by the effective date of the contract shall be adhered to. Conflict in references shall be
referred to COMPANY.

2.1 Project Specifications and Standard Drawings

A. Project Specifications

BF-S-B00-1221-002 Basic Engineering and Site Data

BF-S-B00-1360-001 Piping – General Design
BF-S-B83-1222-001 Loss Prevention General Specification

BF-S-B87-1222-001 Wastewater Segregation & Treatment

BF-S-B87-1316-001 Design Basis for Oily/Chemical Pits

BF-S-B87-1222-002 Design Philosophy of Spill Control

BF-S-B00-13A0-010 Hot-Dip Galvanizing

BF-S-B00-1312-001 Earthwork
BF-S-B00-1320-002 Concrete materials, Mix, Construction and Piling

B. Standard Drawings

B-D-B00-1310-007 Standard Drawing Sewer and Drainage (1)

B-D-B00-1310-008 Standard Drawing Sewer and Drainage (2)

C. Piping & Instrument Diagram (P&ID)

B-D-B00-1225-201 Piping & Instrument Diagram Unit B00 Common / General

Symbology (2)

2.2 Codes and Standards

A. American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM)
C14 Standard Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert
Pipe [Metric]
C76 Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer
Pipe (Metric)
C150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement
D2729 Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings
D3262 Standard Specification for "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Thermosetting-Resin) Sewer Pipe
D3839 Standard Guide for Underground Installation of Fiberglass (Glass- FiberReinforced
Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe

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B. American Water Works Association (AWWA)

C105 Polyethylene Encasement for Ductile-Iron Pipe Systems
C110 Ductile-Iron and Gray-Iron Fittings
C151 Ductile-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast, for Water – Erratum

C. British Standards Institution (BSI)

EN 598 Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for sewerage applications —
Requirements and test methods

EN 1401-1 Plastics piping systems for non–pressure underground drainage and

sewerage Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC–U) Part 1: Specifications for pipes, fittings
and the system

D. Japan Industrial Standards (JIS)

G5526 Ductile iron pipes
G5527 Ductile iron fittings

E. Qatar Construction Standards (QCS)

3 DEFINITIONS
Catch Basin - An open device used at a single point to collect surface
drainage with an outlet liquid seal and sediment trap.

Catchment Area - The area served by a sewer system receiving storm water.
(also called drainage
and water shed areas)

Chemical Sewers (DCH) - See Section 4.2.4 and DCH is defined in BF-D-B00-1225-201.

Contact Storm water - Storm water that has come into contact with any raw material,
intermediate product, finished product, byproduct, or waste
product. Contact storm water is likely to contain petroleum
hydrocarbons and should be considered contaminated.

Cleanout - A piping connection in a sewer system that is located at grade

level for inspecting and/or cleaning the system.

Drain Hub - An open pipe connection located above grade level to collect
drips or discharges from pump bases, piping, sample draw-off
points, and equipment drains. Sublaterals connect drain hubs
to sealed connections in manholes.

Ditch (also called trench) - A two or three sided trough located in the ground.

Invert Elevation - The elevation of the inside bottom of the sewer line.

Laterals - Drain lines collecting wastewater from two or more sublaterals

and discharging into a sewer main.

Lift Station - An underground structure (e.g., a sump) with a pump used to

pump effluent to a higher elevation.

Oily Water Sewers (DOW) - See Section 4.2.2 and DOW is defined in BF-D-B00-1225-201.

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Barzan Onshore Project
Specification for Plant Drainage and Sewer Systems
Open Gravity Systems
LPG Pool Fire Area
Manholes
(also called Joint Boxes)
Non-contact Storm water
Rainfall Intensity
Return Period
Sanitary Sewers (DS)
Seals
Sewer Main
Clean Water Sewers (DCW) -
Sublaterals
(also called branches)
Sumps
Vents
Time of Concentration (TOC) -
4 PLANT DRAINAGE AND SEWER SYSTEMS
4.1 General
All plant drainage and sewer systems shall be designed to meet local codes and regulations. Items to be
considered in the design include the following: incompatibility of wastewaters, wastewater volumes and flows,
fire protection and loss prevention, area topography, depth of excavation, pumping requirements, and final
disposal.
Company Doc. No.: BF-S-B00-1316-001 Rev.1
Contractor Doc. No.: S-B00-1316-001 Rev.1
- Piping network and auxiliary equipment used to collect liquids
received in catch basins and drains.
- An area where liquid spill is foreseen when LPG leakage
occurs.
- An access point to a sewer system line to provide access for
maintenance and inspection.
- Storm water that has not come into contact with any raw
material, intermediate product, finished product, byproduct, or
waste product. Noncontact storm water should not contain
petroleum hydrocarbons and should not be contaminated.
- The amount of rainfall per unit of time [for example, mm/h].
- The average time interval between the occurrence of an event
of a stated magnitude and an equal or more serious event.
- See Section 4.2.3 and DS is defined in BF-D-B00-1225-201.
- A device used to isolate the potential spread of fire from one
area of a plant to another within a sewer system. Such seals
shall be a minimum 150 mm(6 in. ), unless otherwise specified.
- A system of primary drain lines that collects wastewater from
sublaterals and laterals and conveys it to a point of
treatment/discharge.
See Section 4.2.1 and DCW is defined in BF-D-B00-1225-201.
- Lines collecting drains and catch basins that tie into laterals or
sewer mains.
- An open or covered basin that serves as a collection point for
wastewaters.
- Pipes open to the atmosphere to prevent blowing of seals by
pressure buildup.
The time required for a raindrop to flow from the most remote
point of the drainage area to the so called design point in a
sewer. TOC consists of two components - The time required to
flow overland to the inlet to the sewer and the time of flow in the
sewer to the point under consideration. The point under
consideration is the design point, that is, the sewer line exiting a
certain manhole or catch basin.
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4.2 System Description

1) Plant drainage and sewer systems shall be designed to be free flowing, to collect and convey all
wastewaters to their final disposition, and to prevent fire hazards from spreading from one area to
another.
2) Different types of wastewaters shall be segregated in order to reduce the size, complexity, and costs
of any treatment facility required for managing these wastewaters before final discharge from the site.
For requirements relating to segregating wastewaters, refer to Project Specification
BF-S-B87-1222-001.
3) Plant drainage and sewer systems shall include the following separate systems, as required.
4.2.1 Clean Water Sewers (DCW)
Discharges to these systems include noncontact storm water, roadways and access area drainage, parking
lot and roof drainage, and possibly firewater. Diked tank farm areas that have accumulated storm water shall
be routed to a clean water sewer unless they are contaminated by spilled material. This system is composed
of area drains, catch basins, ditches, and piping. The treatment and disposition of clean water shall conform
to local codes and regulations.
4.2.2 Oily Water Sewers (DOW)
Discharges to these systems include contact storm water, wash-down water, tank water draw-offs, pump
gland in hydrocarbon service, equipment drips and drains, draw-offs from sample connections, instruments,
drain cocks and similar equipment fittings, laboratories, other routinely contaminated wastewater streams,
and possibly firewater. This system is composed of drain hubs, catch basins, sumps, lift stations (oily pit),
manholes, and piping. Oily waters shall be collected in oily pits and conveyed to a central treatment facility.
Storm water or fire water exceeding oily pits capacity shall be diverted to clean water sewer systems from
overflow diversion device
4.2.3 Sanitary Sewers (DS)
1) Discharges to these systems typically consist of wastewaters from toilets, showers, sinks, floor
drains in washroom and locker areas, and kitchen and cafeteria operations. Sanitary sewers shall not
receive discharges from other sources. Sanitary sewerage shall be conveyed to sanitary collection
pit installed near each building and be disposed of by pumping and/or by vacuum to existing sanitary
treatment facility.
2) If septic tanks are used, absorption beds shall be provided to handle the discharge from the septic
tanks.
4.2.4 Chemical Sewers (DCH)
1) Discharges to these systems typically consist of wastewater containing chemical substances such as
acid, alkaline, or amines.
2) Chemical liquid spills shall be directed to the chemical service collection pit (chemical pit) located
inside of the process area through catch basins and manholes by underground sewer system. First
flush volume of storm water or fire water contained chemical liquid spills shall be collected by
chemical pit. Storm water or fire water exceeding chemical pits capacity shall be diverted to clean
water sewer systems from overflow diversion device. First Flush of 20 minutes with a rainfall intensity
of 27mm/hr (9mm) shall be used to design pipe line from overflow diversion device to chemical pit.
Refer to Project Specification BF-S-B87-1222-001.
3) Acidic or caustic waste lines shall not discharge to oily waste water sewers unless the waste has first
been neutralized or treated to be compatible with the oily waste water sewer materials and
non-reactive with the industrial waste. Method of neutralization or treatment will be specified.
4) Corrosive chemical floor drains and catch basins shall be piped to a chemically resistant sump or
chemical sewer. Floor drains and catch basins shall have acid resistant slotted covers or grates.

4.2.5 LPG Spill Containment Sewer from LPG Pool Fire Area
LPG spills shall be directed to the spill basin located inside of the process area through graded
(minimum1%) pavement and gutters. One spill basin may be connected with two (2) or three (3) pool fire
areas by the gutters. LPG liquid spill shall be collected in the spill impounding pit, while fire water or storm
water shall be diverted to the non-contaminated drains as much as practicable. Refer to Project Specification
BF-S-B87-1222-001.

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5 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

5.1 System Design Principles

5.1.1 Plant drainage and sewer systems shall be able to convey the volumes of process wastewater, sanitary
wastewater, dike drainage, storm water, and firewater that are expected during the operation of the facility.
The quality of each wastewater stream shall be determined, and each stream shall be segregated in
accordance with the requirements of Project Specification BF-S-B87-1222-001.

5.1.2 Plant sewer systems receiving process water only shall be sized based on the maximum design flow rate and
the minimum pipe sizes given in Section 5.3.3.

5.1.3 (1) For drainage and sewer systems receiving process water, storm water, and firewater, the size of the
oily water sewers and chemical water sewers shall be based on the maximum flow of continuous
process wastewater plus storm water, or the maximum flow of continuous process wastewater plus
firewater, or the maximum flow of continuous process wastewater plus intermittent process water,
whichever quantity is greater.

(2) Open ditches are acceptable for storm water drainage outside process areas, which are not normally
subject to hydrocarbon/oil or chemical contamination and not subject to rainwater runoff from areas
subject to contamination.

(3) Natural sheet runoff is acceptable from unused plant areas that are not contaminated.

5.1.4 Design of sanitary sewers shall be based on the maximum design flow rate as specified in 5.2.4 (2).

5.1.5 Drainage and sewer systems shall be designed to operate principally by gravity. Pipes shall be at levels and
gradients that ensure liquids are not retained in any part of the drain system other than in various traps unless
approved by COMPANY.

5.1.6 Storm water/firewater for Flare Area shall be retained there.

5.2 Design Basis

5.2.1 Storm water Flow

(1) The method used in the design of storm water sewer systems is commonly referred to as the
Rational Method. The Rational Formula shall be used to determine the design flow as follows:

Q = 0.00278 CiA (Sl units)

or
Q = CiA (Customary units)

Where:

Q = the peak flow rate at the particular point in the sewer under consideration, m3/s (ft3/s).

C = the runoff coefficient for the catchment area. This coefficient is the ratio of the amount of
unoff flowing from the catchment to the total amount of rainfall that falls on the
catchment area, dimensionless.

i = the design rainfall intensity for the calculated time of concentration (TOC), mm/h (in./h).

A = the size of the catchment area contributing runoff to the sewer, hectares (acres).

(2) Design rainfall intensity “ ” shall be based on Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF Curve) of Fig-1
taking account of TOC. A 50-year return period shall be used for all drainage and sewer systems,
except for the sewer lines between diversion devise and oily/chemical pits for which a 10-year
return period shall be used. For chemical pit, refer to Section 4.2.4 (2).

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(a) The Intensity “ ” for given return Period “T” and Storm Duration “t” may be computed using
the following equation:

cT m
i=
(t + d )n
Where;
i : Intensity of rainfall (mm/hr)
T : Return Period (years)
t : Storm Duration (minutes)
c : 410 fitting parameter
m : 0.206 fitting parameter
n : 0.787 fitting parameter
d : 10 fitting parameter
(b) TOC shall be estimated by calculating the time required to flow overland to the inlet of the
sewer ( ) plus the time of flow in the sewer to end design point ( ) as follows.

TOC = Ti + T f
Where,

Ti (overland flow time) shall be determined by using Seelye’s monograph (see Fig.2).

T f (sewer flow time) shall be determined by using Manning Formula in Section 5.3.1.

Storm duration “t” shall be taken as TOC but not less than 10 minutes in developed areas
and 20 minutes in undeveloped areas.

(3) Runoff Coefficient – Runoff coefficients vary from 0.3 to 1.0, depending upon the following factors:
slope and irregularity of the catchment, type and permeability of the catchment soils or materials of
construction, degree of soil saturation, and type and extent of vegetation present in the catchment.

Typical values for runoff coefficients are listed below:

Roofs: 1.00
Asphalt or concrete paving: 0.95
Macadamized (sprayed) roadways: 0.70
Stone (Gravel Surfacing/Paving): 0.50
Clay soils: 0.70
Bare offsite area or tank farms
Sandy soils: 0.60

(4) Storm water flow computations should be set up in tabular form with values of catchment areas,
runoff coefficients, overland and sewer TOCs, and design rainfall intensity shown for each area.
Care should be taken to ensure that the correct combination of areas is chosen to yield the
maximum flow at the time of concentration.
The computations may be conducted using recognized software with COMPANY approval.

(5) Stromwater detention method that will reduce the flow rate into the sewer system and will reduce
sewer sizes may be considered. Runoff discharge into sewers may only be reduced by impounding
the runoff in tank farms, impoundments, or tanks if approved by COMPANY.

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5.2.2 Firewater Flow

(1) Design Basis

(a) For firewater quantity for LPG pool fire area and oily/chemical potentially contaminated
curbed area, refer to BF-S-B87-1222-001,,Appendix-1, Attachment-2 (Firewater Calculation
Design Basis).

(b) No firewater shall be overflood from catchment area to adjacent catchment area, ditches and
other units to prevent potential flooding and spread of fire.

(c) The LPG pool fire area, spray water discharge pits, spill ditches and spill impounding pits
shall be designed and sized as per Project Specification BF-S-B87-1222-002 – “Design
Philosophy of Spill Control”.

(d) For other requirements refer to BF-S-B83-1222-001.

(2) Minimum Design Requirements

(a) Sublaterals shall be designed for a minimum of 110 m3/h (500 gpm ) from each catch basin.

(b) Laterals and mains within process and loading areas shall be sized to handle the cumulative
flow from the catch basins served. The cumulative flow shall be based on the specified
firewater application rate or 230 m3/h (1000 qpm ) whichever is greater.

(c) Main outside process units receiving combined flow from tank areas, process units, street
drains, etc. shall be designed for the largest single quantity of firewater discharging into the
main from any one facility or process unit, but not less than 450 m3/h (2000 gpm). The
process and/or storm water flow in combined mains may be greater than the design firewater
flow and could, therefore, set the sizing.
5.2.3 Process Water Flow
(1) The design process flow should include all continuous and intermittent (once a day or less) process
flows. These flows shall be based on maximum design flow and must assume all intermittent
process flows occurring at the same time.

(2) Hydrostatic test water and turnaround drainage should not be included in the design flow
calculation for sizing process sewers. Exceptions to this rule are large process vessels or tanks,
which shall be sized to empty the vessel filled with hydrostatic test water within an eight hour
maximum period. Hydrostatic test water and turnaround release rate shall be controlled within the
hydraulic capacity of the sewer and wastewater treating system.
5.2.4 Sanitary Flow

(1) The preferred method in determining sanitary sewage flow rates should be based on the flow and
usage or duration rates of the plumbing fixtures installed. Fixture unit values and durations should
be obtained from plumbing handbooks or from local codes and ordinances, where applicable.

(2) For effluent flow rate of sanitary sewers, refer to Project Specification BF-S-B87-1222-001
Appendix-1.
5.2.5 Tank Dike Flow
In tank farms, runoff from diked areas is normally impounded therein because the diked area outlet valve is
normally closed. The valve will be opened after a storm has subsided or as water level in the diked area
dictates. The design flow of the tank dike drainage system should be based on the greater of (1) drainage of
all accumulated rainwater within the dike in less than 4 hours, or (2) continuous drainage of firewater without
submerging the tank base.

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5.3 Pipe Sizing

5.3.1 (1) To determine the size of sewers required, the Manning experimental Formula and the continuity
equation shall be used as follows:

Q = AV
Where:
3 3
Q = flow rate, m /s (ft /s)

A = cross-sectional area of flow, m2 (ft2)

2 / 3 1/ 2
R S (SI units)
V =
n
2 / 3 1/ 2
1.486 R S
= (customary units)
n
Where:

V = flow velocity, (see 5.3.4 below) m/s (ft/s)

area of flow
R = hydraulic radius = , m (ft)
wetted perimeter

S = hydraulic gradient, m/m (ft/ft)

n = roughness coefficient

Use of other recognized Formulas requires COMPANY Approval.

(2) Sewer pipes shall be sized to run at 70 percent depth of flow in pipe (i.e., depth of flow/inside
diameter) at design flow. This safety factor provides additional capacity for instantaneous flow
surges and allowances for silt accumulation. The 70 percent depth of flow in pipe shall be calculated
by dividing the design flow rate by 0.837. This new flow rate value is then used in the Manning
Formula to size the sewer at flowing full conditions.

(3) For fire water condition, this depth of flow in pipe requirement may be relaxed with COMPANY
Approval. The risks associated with area flooding and surcharging the sewer lines in question should
be assessed to determine if these risks are acceptable. Areas subject to review include large sewer
mains, end of sewer collection system at tie-in to wastewater treatment plant, and sewer laterals and
mains draining into a lift station.

(4) For use in the Manning Formula, the following hydraulic characteristics of circular pipe shall be used:

HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A CIRCULAR PIPE

Depth of Flow Partial Area Flow rate Partly Full Velocity Partly Full
Inside Diameter Total Area Flow rate Flowing Full Velocity Flowing Full
0.50 0.500 0.500 1.00
0.60 0.627 0.671 1.07
0.70 0.748 0.837 1.12
0.80 0.858 0.977 1.14
0.90 0.950 1.062 1.12
1.00 1.000 1.000 1.00

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5.3.2 Roughness coefficients for pipes vary considerably. They depend on the type and condition of sewer
surface material in contact with the flow, as well as on the depth of flow. For use in the Manning Formula,
roughness coefficients shall be as follows:

5.3.3 Minimum nominal pipe size (NPS) shall be as follows:

(a) For drains and sublaterals that do not receive surface runoff when length of run does not
exceed 20m (75 ft) – NPS 100mm (4 in).

(b) For drains and sublaterals that do not receive surface runoff when length of run exceeds
20m (75 ft), and for any lateral sewer containing flow from two or more sublaterals – NPS
150mm (6 in.).

(c) For sewer mains and lines carrying surface runoff – NPS 200mm (8 in.).

(d) For firewater discharge – NPS 200mm (8in.).

5.3.4 Velocities
Sewers shall be sized to operate within its minimum self-cleansing and its maximum velocities at design flows.
The available slope shall be the determining factor in selecting pipe size. If grades permit, the maximum
velocity shall govern. Maximum velocities shall not exceed 3.0 m/s (10 ft/s)
and minimum velocity shall not be less than 0.6 m/s (2 ft/s) at the design flow rate based on full water flow
condition. For sewers in flat areas where minimum velocities cannot be achieved, provision should be made
to clean out settled solids during dry weather period.
5.3.5 Head losses through culverts and at all entrances, exits, and bends shall be included in system head loss
calculations. These losses will be dependent upon the detail design using standard industry values. Actual
friction head loss at manholes or catch basins shall be less than 0.03 m (0.1 ft) for each. In certain cases, the
hydraulic profile should be plotted to determine if a backwater, drawdown, or hydraulic jump condition will
result.

5.4 Sewer Modelling

Computer programs proposed for modeling of drainage systems shall be subject to COMPANY approval
prior to their use.
5.5 Ditch Sizing (See also 6.8)

5.5.1 The Manning Formula shall be used for the determination of ditch size. Drainage ditch size shall be
calculated on the basis of flowing full plus 150 mm (6 in) of free board.

5.5.2 The slope of the ditch shall be 0.04% as minimum and 0.3% as maximum unless otherwise approved by
COMPANY.

5.5.3 Maximum velocities shall be 0.6 m/s (2 ft/s) for unlined earthen ditches, 3.0 m/s (10 ft/s) for concrete lined
ditches and 1.2 m/s (4 ft/s) for coarse gravel ditches.

5.5.4 Roughness coefficients for open ditches shall be as follows:

Ditch Material Typical Roughness Coefficients

Canals and ditches, smooth earth 0.020

Concrete ditch, troweled 0.013

Concrete ditch, unfinished 0.017

Ditches, coarse gravel 0.030

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5.6 Clean Water Retention Pond Sizing

5.6.1 A storm water/firewater diversion system shall be provided to restrict the flow into the oily/chemical sewer
systems to its design limits. All flows in excess of the design flow shall be diverted to the clean water retention
pond. The clean water retention pond shall have sufficient capacity to retain the design volume of storm
water or the design volume of firewater, whichever quantity is greater. For design purposes, it should be
assumed that these are independent events.

5.6.2 (1) The design storm water volume shall be calculated using the following equation:

V = 10 Ci24A (SI Units)

Or
V = 27154 Ci24A (Customary units)

Where:

V = the 24-hour storm water volume, m3 (gal).

C = the runoff coefficient for the catchment area. This coefficient is the ratio of the
amount of runoff flowing from the catchment to the total amount of rainfall that
falls on the catchment area, dimensionless.

i24 = the design 24-hour rainfall intensity(maximum daily rainfall depth), mm (in.).

A = the size of the catchment area contributing runoff to the impoundment,

hectares (acres).

(2) Total storm water accumulation for retention pond design shall be based on a 50-year return period
with 86.1 mm/day for 24-hour duration.

(3) If inflow and outflow occur at retention pond simultaneously, hydrograph may be used for the design.
The hydrograph shall be prepared using IDF Curve of Fig-1.

5.7 Leakage
Sewer joints shall be designed to minimize infiltration/exfiltration. The leakage outward or inward (exfiltration
or infiltration) shall not exceed 0.2 m3 per cm of NPS per km per day (200 gal/in. of NPS per mile per day) for
any section of the system.

6 DRAINAGE AND SEWER SYSTEM COMPONENTS

6.1 Drainage Area Layout

6.1.1 Drainage system layout shall prevent the spread of fire from one area to another. (See Fig-3 for a typical
drainage area arrangement.) Clean water at the paved process units periphery where equipment are not
congested, may be directly discharged into nearest open ditches surrounding the process units by surface
drainage. Clean water for non-process units shall be collected through surface drain and open ditch. The
slope of paving or grade shall be arranged to drain water away from process equipment, vessels, buildings
and furnace and from pipe ways. Grading shall be used so as to segregate adjacent processing areas from
each other. Low curbing may be used so as to segregate drainage areas only if sloping is not practical.

6.1.2 Paved process units shall be subdivided into smaller drainage areas. Catch basins shall be located near the
center of the drainage area wherever possible. Each catch basin shall be sized to accommodate a minimum
flow of 110 m3/h. The drainage area shall be maximum 280 m2 for one catch basin. The maximum travel of
liquid to a catch basin shall be 18.3 m. The paving of each area shall slope to a catch basin located at the low
point of each drainage area. Minimum slope shall be 10 mm/m. Maximum slope shall be 40 mm/m.

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6.1.3 The paving shall be designed for high points of grade down the center line of the pipe ways so that liquids do
not collect beneath the pipe ways. Drainage shall be directed away from the pipe ways to area catch basins.

6.1.4 For non-process units, clean water shall be collected through surface drain and open ditch Oily water shall be
collected with catch basins and underground piping. Catch basin for such drainage areas shall be a
maximum of 510 m2 (5490 ft2) for paved areas.

6.1.5 In areas required to contain spillage, the paved area shall be curbed at grade level. The area inside the curb
shall drain to a catch basin and lateral to the sewer main. Curbs shall have a minimum height of 150 mm (6
in).

6.2 Drains

6.2.1 Equipment Drains

(1) Sewer connections with open hubs shall be provided for all equipment drains. Hubs
shall be one standard size larger than the equipment drain. Hubs shall project about
50 mm (2 in.)
above pavement and 150 mm (6 in.) above soil or gravel grades. Each sewer hub
shall be connected directly to a manhole and shall be sealed at the manhole by
submerging the inlet pipe a minimum of 150 mm (6 in.) below the water level in the
manhole. The distance between the manhole and the drain hub shall not exceed 15
m (50 ft).

(2) Closely grouped equipment at grade may be drained with multiple hubs to a header.
A P or U trap is required for each hub in lieu of an inlet seal at the downstream
manhole. There shall be a maximum of four hubs in series. Greater than four hubs
may be used in cases of high equipment density where the hubs are kept local to
each other, with COMPANY Approval.

(3) Each drain from elevated equipment shall be provided with an open break at the hub
and shall be visible from the drain valve. The hub shall be sealed in a manhole at
grade.

(4) Floor drains in buildings housing pumps and compressors or in shop areas shall be
used only for wastewater and shall be equipped with U-trap seals and strainer plates.
The drainage area shall be a maximum of 185 m2 (2000 ft2) for each floor drain.
6.2.2 Drains from Pumps
Drip-type bases shall be provided under hydrocarbon-service pumps to facilitate good housekeeping and
drainage. Drainage from pump bases and glands shall enter an equipment drain hub. The drain line from a
single drain hub shall be sealed at the inlet of the downstream manhole (minimum 150mm (6in) water seal).
A maximum of four individually sealed hubs may be joined into one drain line before entering a manhole.
Greater than four hubs may be used in cases of high equipment density where the hubs are kept local to each
other.
6.2.3 Drains from Heaters
Drainage areas around heaters shall be arranged to provide dry catch basins adjacent to the heaters. Dry
catch basins shall not be located directly under fired heaters. For conventional horizontal heaters, four dry
catch basins should be provided. For smaller vertical heaters, two dry catch basins shall be provided. The
lines from dry catch basins shall be individually sealed (minimum 150mm (6in) water seal) at the inlet to a
downstream manhole at least 9.1 m (30 ft) from the heater.
6.2.4 Drains from Diked Areas
Where provision is made for draining water from diked areas, drainage shall be provided at a uniform slope of
not less than one percent away from the tanks toward a sump or catch basin
located at the farthest practical distance from the tanks. For very large tank areas, lesser slopes (minimum
0.5 percent) will be acceptable if approved by COMPANY. The catch basin shall be sealed on the
outlet(minimum 150mm (6in) water seal). The outlet piping from the sump shall be provided with a means of
isolation (e.g., sluice gate, knife gate valve) that is kept in a normally closed position. The valve box shall be

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located outside of the tank dike wall and be accessible to an operator. The discharge shall be to the clean
water sewer system (noncontact storm water only) or to the oily water sewer system.

6.2.5 Drains from Storage Tanks

Water draw-offs from storage tanks shall be piped to an open sump located under each draw-off valve. A
drain line shall be provided from the sump to a manhole located outside the tank dike wall. The inlet to the
manhole shall be sealed (minimum 150mm (6in) water seal). The sump wall elevations shall be designed to
prevent impounded storm water from entering the sump during the design rainfall event.
For atmospheric, pressurized or refrigerated storage tank dike areas, all discharge shall be provided with a
valve located such that it is accessible for operation from outside the enclosure.
6.2.6 Miscellaneous Drains
Drains to the oily water sewer shall not be installed in control rooms, electric substations, analyzer
houses, or switch rooms. These drain connections shall be restricted to sanitary systems. Floor drains from
buildings where oil and chemical releases are possible, such as warehouses and shops, shall be connected
to a sump with a valve box to contain the spilled materials prior to their release into the oily water sewer. The
drain line shall be sealed (minimum 150mm (6in) water seal) at the inlet to the downstream manhole.
Laboratory effluents shall drain into a sealed inlet connection to an oily water sewer manhole.
6.3 Catch Basins

6.3.1 (1) Catch basins shall be designed to collect and convey the full catchment area design flow without
flooding of the pavement area. Catch basins shall be kept open to collect spills and storm or firewater.
Openings shall allow maximum flow of 120 m3/h without restriction. The lines from storm water catch
basins shall be individually sealed at downstream manholes when discharging into the oily water
sewer system. Removable gratings shall also be provided flush to grade and designed to carry a
minimum load of 414 kPa (60 psi).

(2) Steel grating and checkered plate and other miscellaneous steel shall confirm to ASTM A36 or
equivalent. All steel items shall be hot dip galvanized as per ASTM A153 and BF-S-B00-13A0-010
6.3.2 In process units, no more than five catch basins in clean water shall be arranged to flow in series before
discharging into a manhole. A catch basin in oily or chemical service shall not be connected to or flow
through another catch basin
Fire seals shall be provided on all inlet lines of any catch basin that may contain flammable liquids. Grating
covered catch basins shall not be located beneath process equipment or pipe ways. They should be spaced
horizontally at least 0.8 m (2.5 ft) away from pumps and 1.5 m (5 ft) from compressors and uninsulated
vessels containing hydrocarbons. Catch basins for oily water sewer shall not be located closer than 9.1 m
(30 ft) to fired heaters or similar constant ignition sources.
6.4 Manholes

6.4.1 Manholes shall be provided as follows:

(a) Immediately outside a process unit area.
(b) Where sewer mains NPS 200 mm (8 in) and larger change direction more than 15 degrees.
(c) Where laterals connect to a sewer main if required for cleaning and/or fire seal purposes.
(d) Where sewer size change.
(e) Where there are abrupt changes in elevation.
(f) For cleaning and inspection of long straight runs of sewer pipe.
(g) All intersections and junctions of sewer mains.
(h) At sewer main dead ends
(i) Manholes shall not be located beneath equipment, pipe ways/racks or major piping,
instrumentation or controls, structures, stairways or ladders.
(j) Manholes serving more than one integrated process unit or integrated plant area shall not be
located inside a process unit.

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(k) Manholes shall not be located inside tank dike areas except when they receive drainage only
from the tank and dike area within which they are located.
6.4.2 Manholes shall be spaced a maximum of 91 m (300 ft) apart for sewers with line sizes up to and including
NPS 525 mm (21 in), and a maximum of 152 m (500 ft) apart for sewers with line sizes of NPS 600 mm (24 in)
and larger.

6.4.3 The minimum diameter of manholes shall be 1.2 m (48 in).

6.4.4 Manholes shall be of the precast concrete or cast-in-place concrete type. Manholes shall be waterproofed on
the exterior and interior. Inlet and outlet pipes shall be joined to the manhole with either secondary concrete
around pipe as shown on the standard drawing, BF-D-B00-1310-008 or a flexible watertight connection
arrangement subject to COMPANY approval.

6.4.5 (1) Sealed manholes shall also be provided as follows: (see Fig-4)

(a) Integrated plants or large process areas shall be subdivided into process areas of not more
han 5600 m2 (60000 ft2) each separated by a sealed manhole.

(b) The sewer for an individual process unit or part of a unit located within an integrated plant but
designed to operate separately from the entire plant shall be separated by a sealed manhole
from other units and shall discharge to a main that is isolated from other process units by
seals.

(c) The plant main sewer shall pass through a sealed manhole before entering a separator to
prevent a separator fire traveling back up the sewer into the plant.

(2) Offsite manholes with single inlets shall be provided with fire seals at intervals of 244 m (800 ft). To
meet the 152 m (500 ft) maximum spacing limitation for manholes, intermediate manholes shall be
located between the ones that contain fire seals (see Fig-5). Offsite manholes with two or more inlets
shall be fire sealed on the inlet lines or by an isolation baffle.
6.4.6 Removable solid cast iron type manhole covers and frames are required and shall be designed to carry plant
traffic loads.
Cast Iron Manhole Cover shall be heavy duty-type at heavy vehicle access ways and light-duty type at light
vehicle or person access ways. Other accessories shall be in accordance with drawings and subject to
COMPANY approval. The design load of manhole covers for light traffic and heavy traffic shall be 20kN wheel
load and 100kN wheel load, respectively.

In paved areas, manhole covers shall be set flush with grade. In unpaved areas, manhole covers shall be a
minimum of 50 mm (2 in.) above grade.
A vapor-tight seal shall be provided between the manhole lid and the manhole, but shall not be bonded in
order to ensure easy removal of the manhole lid.
6.4.7 Manholes shall be equipped with a vent min. NPS 50 mm (2 in) line size to prevent the accumulation of
flammable gases. The vent pipe shall run to a safe location in accordance with Paragraph 6.7.

6.5 Pumping Stations

Pumping stations shall be provided where complete routing of gravity sewer systems is not possible. The
pump station shall consist of a concrete sump and either vertical or submersible pumps. These pumps shall
be sized for the design flow as per Doc. No. BF-S-B87-1316-001. A minimum of two pumps shall be provided
(2x100% duty). The sump shall be readily accessible for maintenance and removal of accumulated grit and
separated oil. The sump shall be covered and include tight seals around the pump entry points. The sump
shall be vented with a NPS 100 mm (4 in) minimum line size to prevent the accumulation of flammable gases.
The vent pipe shall run to a safe location in accordance with Paragraph 6.7.

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6.6 Cleanouts
Requirements for cleanouts are as follows:

(a) Cleanouts shall be provided when the sewer turns through 90 degrees. They shall also be
provided when the sewer turns through 45 degrees and is preceded by a straight run of 15.2
m (50 ft) or more.

(b) Cleanouts shall be installed to facilitate cleaning in the direction of flow.

(c) Drain hubs may be considered as cleanouts if the run to the drain header is less than 6.1 m
(20 ft) and total turns do not exceed 135 degrees. This includes the 90 degree turn from
vertical to horizontal.

(d) In the absence of a manhole or catch basin, a cleanout shall be provided in every 61 m (200
ft) of straight sewer run in lines NPS 300 mm (12 in) and smaller.

(e) Cleanouts shall be the same as the line size in sanitary sewers and shall not exceed NPS
150 mm (6 in) all other sewers.
6.7 Vents

6.7.1 Manholes and sumps shall be provided with sealed covers and shall be vented to a safe location in order to
avoid hazards to personnel. The vent shall be min. NPS 50 mm (2 in) line size. For oily water sewers where
flammable vapors may be present, the vent pipe shall terminate as follows:
(a) At least 2.4 m (8 ft) above any platform, elevated roadway / access way etc. located within a
horizontal distance of 7.5m (25ft).

(b) A minimum of 3 m (10 ft) above grade

(c) At least 15.2 m (50 ft) measured horizontally from any fired heater or other source of ignition.

(d) A minimum of 4.9 m (16 ft) from building air intakes or windows.

6.7.2 For sanitary sewers and sumps, the vent line shall not be smaller than NPS 50 mm (2 in) and it shall
terminate a minimum of 3 m (10 ft) above grade.

6.7.3 Vent pipes shall be sloped to drain back to the manholes without low points which can trap liquid.
Pressure/vacuum vents shall be installed to control odors from manhole vents in oily water service.

6.7.4 Vents (located near the access) shall be protected as necessary against damage from mobile equipment and
vehicle.

6.8 Drainage Ditches

Drainage ditches used to collect storm water and firewater shall be subject to the following limitations:

(a) Drainage ditches used in process unit battery limits shall be LPG spill containment ditches
only as defined in 6.8 (e).

(b) Drainage ditches shall not be used in process unit battery limits

(c) The location and design of drainage ditches relative to process equipment and piping shall
be determined to prevent the spread of fire. Fire stops shall be provided at intervals not
greater than 213 m (700 ft) and at road intersections in tank farm areas. Each fire stop shall
consist of a sewer pipe with access sumps at each end for cleaning and removal of silt and

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debris. The pipe shall be at least 9.1 m (30 ft) in length. A fire seal shall be provided at the
upper end sump. A flooded closed pipe under a road crossing may also be used as a fire
stop.

(d) Drainage ditches shall be separated from pipe ways by a minimum horizontal distance of 4.6
m (15 ft) and from process equipment by 9.1 m (30 ft) minimum. Where overhead and above
grade hydrocarbon, firewater, or utility lines cross over or are within 4.6 m (15 ft) of open
drainage ditches, the overhead lines shall be continuous pipe or welded joints. Pipe flanges
or threaded connections or fittings are prohibited. Pipe ways crossing or within 4.6 m (15 ft)
of drainage ditches shall be protected from fire by a concrete slab or culvert.

(e) For LPG spill containment ditches, reinforced concrete ditch with 1% gradient shall be used.
The ditches shall be sized based on maximum LPG spill flow volume. Minimum size shall be
0.3 m wide and 0.3 m deep. The depth shall not exceed the width for spill ditches less than
800 mm deep.

(f) Unlined earthen ditches shall not be used. Lined ditches shall be of trapezoidal cross
section with a concrete lining of 75 mm FRC (Fiber Reinforced Concrete) underlain by 0.25
mm polyethylene sheeting to facilitate cleansing and to prevent erosion. Minimum bottom
width of the ditches shall be 600 mm. The recommended longitudinal bottom slope is
specified in Section 5.5.2.

(g) CONTRACTOR shall provide safety measures for open drainage system such as grating,
handrail, guard posts, covers, and concrete block. The proposed safety measure and
location shall be subject to COMPANY’S approval.

7 MATERIALS SELECTION

7.1 General
All materials to be used for the works shall be approved by COMPANY prior to placing the purchase order.
Selection of materials for underground sewers and drainage pipes shall take into account such factors as the
temperature, chemical composition, physical properties of the wastewater, soil conditions, seismic potential,
pipe joint integrity, durability, cost, and availability. Piping materials shall be limited to cast iron, ductile iron,
carbon steel, high density polyethylene, fiberglass reinforced epoxy, reinforced concrete pipe and PVC pipe.
7.2 Piping Materials

7.2.1 Oily Water Sewers

CONTRACTOR may select either Ductile iron pipes / fittings or Fiberglass (Glass-fiber-reinforced
thermosetting-resin) sewer pipes and fittings, considering the characteristics of liquid as stated in Section
7.1.

Ductile iron pipes and fittings shall comply with ANSI/AWWA C151/C110, BS 598 or JIS G5526/5527.
Polyethylene encasement (minimum 0.2mm thickness) for ductile iron pipe shall be in accordance with ANSI
A21.10 /AWWA C105 or approved equal by COMPANY.
Joints shall be push on joint (bell and spigot) type with a rubber gasket suitable for the liquid.
KUBOTA ductile iron pipe, fitting, push on joint and polyethylene sleeve may be used for the system.

Fiberglass sewer pipes and fittings shall comply with ASTM D 3262. Available size is from 200mm through
3700mm, intended for use in gravity-flow systems for conveying sanitary sewage, storm water, and some
industrial wasters. CONTRACTOR shall prepare a method statement for pipe installation complying with
ASTM D 3839 and the manufacturer’s recommendations.
7.2.2 Clean Water Sewers
Ductile iron pipes and fittings with polyethylene encasement as defined in subparagraph 7.2.1 shall be used
within process unit battery limits.

Outside process unit battery limit, reinforced concrete pipe with external protective coating may be used.
Reinforced concrete pipes and fittings shall comply with ASTM C14M for NPS 4 to 15 and C76M for NPS 18
and larger. Cement used for reinforced concrete pipes shall be as per ASTM C150 Type-I or equivalent

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approved. Protective coatings shall be in accordance with Project Specification BF-S-B00-1320-002.

7.2.3 Chemical and Sanitary Sewers

PVC pipes and fittings complying with ASTM D2729 and BS EN 1401-1 or approved equal by COMPANY
shall be used. Operating temperatures must not exceed material limits.
7.2.4 Joint Material
Joint materials such as rubber ring, lubricant and glue shall be per manufacturer's recommendations and
subject to COMPANY approval prior to use.
7.2.5 Allowable Temperature
Allowable temperature for pipes and joint materials shall comply with the design requirements.

8 COVER AND PIPE STRENGTH CHECK

8.1 General
Installation of underground piping for sewer systems shall address the following:

5) (a) Bedding/support for pipe in its trench;

6) (b) Required depth of cover (especially under roadways);

7) (c) Backfill material and compaction

8.2 Cover and Pipe Strength Check

8) (1) Sewer lines shall have a minimum depth of 0.5 m (18 in) within process unit battery
limits. The cover shall be measured from the finished surface to the outside top of pipe. For
offsite areas, sewer lines shall have minimum depth of cover of 0.8 m (30 in).
CONTRACTOR shall verify minimum cover depth provisions with respect to pipe strength,
trench detail and loading conditions.

9) (2) Pipe trench selection under roadways and vehicle traffic area shall be based on a
superimposed wheel load of 7260 kg (16,000 lbs) and a 50% load increase for impact unless
otherwise specified.

10)(3) For rigid pipe, a bedding factor based on the method and class of bedding selected, pipe
crushing strength based on the three edge method, and a safety factor of 1.5 for the
applicable ASTM pipe material standard shall be used to establish the safe supporting
strength (design load) of the pipe.

(4) For flexible pipe other than ductile iron, a bedding constant and modulus of soil reaction
based on the method and class of bedding, a pipe stiffness based on a parallel-plate loading
test, and safety factor of 2 applied to the critical deflection limit for the applicable ASTM pipe
material standard shall be used to establish the design deflection limit of the pipe.

(5) For ductile iron pipe, the minimum pipe thickness / strength shall be according to ASTM A
746 or AWWA C151/A21.52 for the laying condition selected, or shall be based on a
maximum design deflection of 3 percent and design ring bending stress of 330 Mpa (48,000
psi ) using the modulus of soil reaction, and deflection and bending coefficients based on the
method and class of bedding selected.

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8.3 Line Protection

Under roadways and vehicle trafficked areas, sewer lines requiring protection shall be encased in a concrete
envelope or in a sleeve providing a 75 mm (3 in.) minimum total clearance in case the strength is not enough
based on the design consideration of Section 8.2. Subject to COMPANY approval, these lines may be
covered with a load bearing steel plate or concrete slab as an alternative to concrete envelope or sleeve.
Verification of such alternative means of protection shall be the responsibility of CONTRACTOR.

9 MATERIAL HANDLING
(1) Protection of materials
Use all means necessary to protect materials before, during, and after installation. Protect
the work and materials of all other trades.

(2) Protection of existing facilities

Protect existing facilities and underground facilities during excavating, installation and
backfilling.

(3) Handling
Full care shall be taken to prevent the deformation and damage of materials during their
transportation and handling.

(4) Deformation and damage

Pipes and fittings materials shall be inspected to ensure that there is no deformation or
damage. If such irregularities are observed, CONTRACTOR shall inform COMPANY
immediately and prepare an OSD report (Overage, shortage and damage report).

(5) Delivery and storage

Materials delivered to site shall be inspected for damage, prior to unloading, and stored with
the minimum of handling. Inside of pipes and fittings shall be kept free of dirt and debris.
Materials shall not be stored directly on the ground.
Inflammable or combustible materials shall be stored in a ventilated warehouse to protect
them from direct sunlight and high temperature.
PVC and fiberglass pipes and fittings shall be stored out of direct sunlight to protect against
UV (Ultraviolet) rays.

(6) Repairs and Replacements

In the event of damage, all repairs and replacements shall be performed according to the
manufacturer’s recommendations and be approved by COMPANY.

10 EXCAVATION
(1) Excavation shall be conducted in accordance with BF-S-B00-1312-001.

(2) Before commencing any excavation, CONTRACTOR must obtain details and locations of
existing underground pipes, drains, cables, etc., if exist, and take the utmost precautions to
prevent damage. Damage resulting from lack of proper precautions or neglect by
CONTRACTOR shall be made good to the satisfaction of COMPANY, at CONTRACTOR’ s
cost.

(3) Depth of trench shall be in accordance with Standard Drawing BF-D-B00-1310-007 for
bedding material beneath the pipe.

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(4) Width of trenches at any point below the top of the pipe shall be not smaller than the outside
diameter of the pipe plus the following width to permit satisfactory jointing and thorough
tamping of the bedding material under and around pipe unless otherwise specified on the
drawing or approved by COMPANY.

Trench Depth Clearance Between Side of Trench and Pipe

Less than 1.50 m 30 cm
1.50 - 3.00 m 50 cm
3.00 - 4.50 m 1.00 m
More than 4.50 m 1.50 m

(5) Adequate temporary measures shall be taken to prevent slips, cave ins and slides.
Excavated material shall be removed and stored in the stock pile area to be directed or piles
in an orderly manner a sufficient distance from the bank of the trench to prevent overloading
or sliding back into the trench.

(6) Sheet piling and/or timber sheeting shall be provided, if necessary for the construction
safety.
Design calculation and drawings shall be submitted to COMPANY for approval.

(7) If a trench is over-excavated, the over-excavated portion shall be replaced with compacted
backfill of Type A material as defined in BF-S-B00-1312-001.

(8) If organic material such as muck, peat or similar material is encountered at the bottom of the
trench, the unsuitable material shall be removed to a width of at least one diameter on each
side of the pipe and to a depth as determined by COMPANY. Backfill shall be made with
Type A material specified in BF-S-B00-1312-001 and compacted as required to provide
adequate support for the pipe.

(9) The excavated trench shall be kept free from rain water so as not to disturb the piping
installation.

(10) Provision shall be made to remove any water which accumulates in the trenches. The water
table shall be lowered by means of an open ditch leading to a sump. No manhole, concrete
structure, or pipe shall be installed in water without prior approval by COMPANY.

(11) Water in the trench shall be removed by pumping or other methods approved by COMPANY
and shall be discharged to the temporary or permanent drainage ditches or other sewers, in
such a manner that other work will not be affected. Any debris transferred to the trenches or
sewers shall be cleaned out.

11 LAYING PIPES AND FITTINGS

(1) Laying pipes and fittings shall be in accordance with manufacture’s installation procedure
and the method statement approved by COMPANY.

(2) Pipes and fittings shall be protected during handling against impact shocks and free fall.
Proper facilities shall be provided for placing the pipe to prevent disturbances of the bed and
sides of the trench.

(3) Pipes and fittings shall be carefully laid on the compacted backfill material, starting at the
downstream end (with the spigot end to be in the downstream side of flow). Pipes shall be
kept clean at all times.

(4) Pipes and fittings shall be set firmly according to line and grade using sand-bags. Sand-bags
shall be spaced every two meters maximum. For RC reinforced concrete pipe, bags shall be
located immediately adjacent, and on both sides of a joint. Prior to making joints, all surfaces

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shall be thoroughly cleaned and prepared as required for the type of joint to be made. Pipes
shall be carefully centered so that the completed sewer will have a smooth uniform invert.

(5) Provide all required equipment for lowering pipe safely into the trenches. Belt slings or other
adequate measures shall be used for lowering of pipes. Hooks, and wire ropes and slings,
which may cause damage to the pipes shall not be used.

(6) Carefully examine for conformance with specifications each pipe prior to placing. Promptly
set aside all defective pipe and all damaged pipe. Clearly identify all defects. Do not install
defective pipe or damaged pipe.

(7) After pipe installation, end portions of pipe inclusive of drip funnel shall be covered to prevent
the ingress of soil, mud and other foreign materials into pipes.

(8) If there is any interference by existing or newly installed underground facilities,

CONTRACTOR shall inform COMPANY immediately.

(9) The system shall be kept clean during construction, and as construction nears completion, it
shall be systematically cleaned and any repairs hall be completed.

(10) Dirt, mortar, other joint material and foreign matter shall be cleaned from the system before
the system is placed in service.

12 PIPE JOINTS
(1) Joints shall be made water tight to prevent leakage or infiltration, in accordance with
manufacture’s standard.

(2) The inside surface of the pipe shall be cleaned after the joint is made and each section shall
be swabbed to prevent the joint material from projecting into the pipe. When pipe laying is
suspended for any cause, the ends of the pipe shall be kept closed to keep out dirt, mud and
foreign substances. Adequate provision shall be made to prevent floating of pipe in the
event the trench is flooded.

(3) Pipe shall be cut with mechanical cutter or method approved by COMPANY for adjusting
length.

(4) Concrete (Cement) specification BF-S-B00-1320-002 shall be used to fill gaps between pipe
and concrete wall as per details indicated on standard drawing BF-D-B00-1310-008.

13 BACKFILLING
(1) Backfilling and compacting shall be conducted in accordance with BF-S-B00-1312-001.
All backfill materials shall be free from coral, organic matters or any other unsuitable
materials, in accordance with BF-S-B00-1312-001.

(2) Backfilling for trenches shall be carried out using an approved mechanical or manual method
in such a manner to avoid any damage to the pipes and to a depth above top level of pipe as
indicated on the drawings.

(3) Trenches shall be backfilled immediately after the pipes have been laid, tested and
inspected.

(4) Trench shall be dry. When necessary, proper drainage and dewatering shall be furnished.

(5) Compaction of sand fill around underground piping should be done using water-compaction
method. No seawater shall be used for water-compaction.

(6) No construction machinery or vehicles shall be allowed to pass over the trench until the
trench is backfilled and compacted and have adequate earth cover to prevent damage to the

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pipe.

(7) As soon as the work is completed and approved, the areas or roadway surface shall be
restored to the equivalent of the original condition.

(8) Surplus soils shall be removed to designated stockpile area or approved spoil disposal area.

14 CONCRETE WORK

(1) Concrete work for manholes, catch basins, ditches and other miscellaneous pits shall be
conducted in accordance with BF-S-B00-1320-002.

(2) To prevent the floating of concrete structures by groundwater or rainwater, dewatering work
with sheet piling, trenching or pumping shall be carried out, if necessary.

(3) Benching shall be finished in cement mortar trowelled to a smooth finish, to required invert
levels.

(4) When the permanent cover is not immediately to be installed, opening of manholes, catch
basins and other boxes shall be properly marked, provided with barricade or covered to
prevent accidents and the access of earth and debris. Type of temporary cover shall be
subject to COMPANY approval.

15 WATER LEAK TEST

15.1 General
All sewer systems shall be water tested before backfilling for water tightness. Backfilling shall only proceed
after COMPANY approval of sewer tests has been obtained by CONTRACTOR.
Testing shall be carried out from manhole to manhole. Short branch drains connected to a main sewer
between manholes shall be tested as one system with the main sewer. Long branches shall be tested
separately from manholes.
15.2 Water Test
CONTRACTOR shall prepare a method statement and program for all drain and sewer water tests and obtain
the approval of COMPANY prior to proceeding with such tests. CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for the
supply of water required for tests and for its disposal of on completion of testing.

(1) Line test shall be performed when a section of line is completed, but before backfilling as
follows:
a) Fill the line with water, and establish a head above the top of the line equal to grade
level.
b) Visually inspect joints for leakage.

(2) System test shall be performed after completion and backfilling of the sewer line as follows:

a) Fill the line with water, and establish a head above the top of the pipe equal to the level
of the lowest manhole or catch basin in the system but not less than 4 ft (1.2 m) above
top of any line. Allow a suitable time for water absorption.
b) After the absorption period, refill to the required test head, and measure leakage loss
over a timed test period.

(3) Alternate methods of line leakage testing, such as with pressurized air, may be used with
COMPANY approval.
Sewers failing leakage testing shall be repaired to the satisfaction of COMPANY.

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Fig- 1 : IDF Curve

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Specification for Plant Drainage and Sewer Systems Contractor Doc. No.: S-B00-1316-001 Rev.1

Fig- 2 : NOMOGRAPH FOR DETERMINATION OF OVERLAND FLOW TIME

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Specification for Plant Drainage and Sewer Systems Contractor Doc. No.: S-B00-1316-001 Rev.1

Fig- 3 : EQUIPMENT AND PROCESS PAD DRAINAGE ARRANGEMENT

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Specification for Plant Drainage and Sewer Systems Contractor Doc. No.: S-B00-1316-001 Rev.1

Fig- 4 : SEWER SYSTEM DETAILS

6.7]

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Specification for Plant Drainage and Sewer Systems Contractor Doc. No.: S-B00-1316-001 Rev.1

Fig- 5 : FIRE SEAL CONFIGURATION-OFFSITE SEWERS OR MAIN SEWER LINES

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