Math 0014 Manual

Math for Nurses
MATH-0014
September, 2004
Updated: February 18, 2011
Table of Contents
Introduction page 3
Unit 1 Whole Numbers page 4
Unit 2 Fractions page 10
Unit 3 Decimals page 15

Unit 4 Percents page 25
Unit 5 Metric Conversions page 33
Unit 6 Drug Dosage Calculations page 41
Appendix page 45
Answer Key page 50
Property of Assiniboine Community College 2

Introduction
Exam Outline
There are 100 questions on the exam each worth one mark. The distribution of the
marks is listed below.
Reducing Fractions 10%

Multiplying Fractions 10%
Dividing Fractions 5%
Round to the Nearest Tenth, Hundredth, or Thousandth 5%
Multiplying Decimals 5%
Dividing Decimals 5%
Change a Fraction to a Decimal 5%
Percent – Decimal – Fraction Table 10%
Relative Value of Decimals, Fractions and Percents 10%
Metric Conversions 15%
Dosage Calculations 20%
100%
The questions will be marked as either right or wrong. Thus, you must be very skillful
and exact in your calculations. Close attention to detail is important, both in this course
and in the nursing profession itself.
Study Skills
Read through each of the units.
Do all the exercises in this booklet.
Use the Answer Key to correct your work.

Unit 1: Whole Numbers
Place Value for Whole Numbers
• Whole numbers are made up of the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.

Example: The number 564 has 3 digits.
Example: The number 34 702 has 5 digits.
• The value of each digit is different because of its position in the number.
Example: In the number 73, the 7 has a place value of “tens”. Its value is 70.
In the number 703, the 7 has a place value of hundreds. Its value is
700.
• Every position has a different place value as shown in the place value chart below.
• Large numbers are grouped into groups of three starting from the left.
• In metric notation, groups of three digits, starting from the decimal point, are
separated by a space, not a comma.
Example: The number 23456 is written as: 23 456.
• A number with 4 digits can be written with or without the space.
Example: The number 2 345 is usually written 2345.
• The decimal point is usually not written in a whole number.
Place Value Chart for Whole Numbers
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ •
millions
billions
hundred millions
hundred thousands
ten thousands
thousands
hundreds
ones or units
( decimal point )
tens
ten millions

Practice Examples
1. Find the place value of the digit 6 in the number 46 789. ____________________
2. Find the place value of 0 in the number 5024. ____________________________
3. Write the number: four hundred two. ____________________________________
4. Write the number eight billion, two million, three hundred thousand, five.
___________________________________
Answers: 1. thousands 2. hundreds
3. 402 4. 8 002 300 005
Exercises
1. Find the place value of each digit below.
2 in 825 7 in 273 520

6 in 7 634 091 4 in 87 412
3 in 943 517 5 in 375 986 321
9 in 19 8 in 98 623 701
2. Write each of the following as a whole number.
a) one hundred thirty-one thousand

b) twelve thousand, five hundred thirty-nine
c) six million, nine thousand, nine hundred
d) eight thousand, twenty
e) one hundred fifty million, nine hundred fifty thousand
f) one million, one hundred one thousand, one hundred one

Multiplying and Dividing by Powers of 10
• Multiplying by 10, 100 or 1000 increases the place values one or two or three
places.
Example: 42 x 1000 = 42 000

Multiplying by 1000 increases place values by 3 places.
In the original number 42, the place value of the 4 is tens.
After multiplying by 1000, its place value is now 3 place values
bigger than tens. Its place value is now ten thousands. The zero is
used as a place holder.
Originally the place value of the 2 is ones. In the answer, its place
value is 3 places bigger. Its new place value is thousands.
• Dividing by 10, 100 or 1000 decreases the place values by one or two or three
places.
Example: 5600 ÷ 100 = 56
Dividing by 100 decreases the place value by two places smaller.
Originally the place value of the 5 is thousands. In the answer, its
place value is decreased by 2 spaces. Its place value is now tens.
Originally the place value of the 6 is hundreds. In the answer, its
place value is ones, a decrease of two places.
Exercises
Write the answers to each problem.
A B C
1. 50 x 10 = 128 x 10 = 3028 x 100 =
2. 30 x 100 = 4679 x 1000 = 238 x 100 =
3. 1000 x 7945 = 100 x 345 = 10 x 27 =

4. 4560 ÷ 10 = 2300 ÷ 100 = 876 000 ÷ 1000 =
5. 2 789 000 ÷ 1000 = 1 200 000 ÷ 1000 = 56 000 ÷ 10 =
Multiplication
• Writing your numbers neatly and in the proper positions will help you to get the
correct answer.
562 307
Examples: x 4 x 52
2248 614
15350
15964
Exercises
Copy each question into your notebook and find the answer.
1. a) 73 x 4 b) 92 x 8 c) 98 x 7
2. a) 603 x 9 b) 622 x 5 c) 621 x 8
3. a) 71 x 67 b) 482 x 30 c) 4078 x 111
4. a) 923 x 63 b) 2726 x 748 c) 6518 x 687
Dividing
• Using graph paper to line up the numbers may help you write the numbers in their
proper positions.
1 09
Example: 15 1 6 3 8
15 x x
138
135
3

The answer is written as: 109 R 3
Exercises
Copy each question into your notebook and find the answer, with a remainder, if
necessary.
A B C
1. 384 ÷ 8 1704 ÷ 34 2220 ÷ 6

2. 30 107 ÷ 7 604 ÷ 82 55 630 ÷ 16
3. 41 496 ÷ 532 2345 ÷ 22 42 920 ÷ 42
Divisibility Rules for 2, 3, 5, 10, 25, 100, and 1000
A number is divisible by:
2 if the number ends in 0 or 2 or 4 or 6 or 8

3 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3
5 if the number ends in 0 or 5
10 if the number ends in 0
25 if the number ends in 25 or 50 or 75 or 00 (think of 25¢)
Example: 200 is divisible by 2 because 200 ends in 0.

200 is divisible by 5 because 200 ends in 0.
200 is not divisible by 3 because the sum of its digits is 1 + 0 + 0 =1
and 1 is not divisible by 3
200 is not divisible by 1000 because 200 is smaller than 1000.
Also, 200 does not end in 000.

Example: 24 is divisible by 2 because 24 is ends in 4.
24 is divisible by 3 because the sum of its digits is 2 + 4 = 6 and 6
is
divisible by 3.
24 is not divisible by 5 nor 10 because 24 does not end in 0.
Example: 3435 is divisible by 3 because 3 + 4 + 3 + 5 = 15 and 15 is divisible

by 3.
Exercises
Fill in the chart below. If the number is divisible by any of 2, 3, 5, 10, 25, 100 or 1000,
write your answer in the space provided.
Number 2 3 5 10 25 100 1000
e.g. 24 12 8
1. 20
2. 50
3. 36
4. 39
5. 49
6. 55
7. 35
8. 72
9. 125
10. 225
11. 500

12. 2000
13. 1024
14. 3025
15. 2025
16. 10 000
17. 22
18. 33
19. 333
20. 33 000
Exercises
1. Write each of the following numbers as a product of only two factors. Write as
many answers as possible.
Examples: 24 = 1 x 24 225 = 1 x 225
= 2 x 12 = 3 x 75
= 3 x 8 = 5 x 45
= 4 x 6 = 9 x 25
= 15 x 15
a. 36 b. 100 c. 18
d. 49 e. 144 f. 1000
2. List in ascending order all the factors of each number.

Example: The factors of 56 are: 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 28, 56.
a. 75 b. 90 c. 64 d. 150

Prime Factors
• The basic building blocks of whole numbers are the prime numbers. These are
numbers having only 1 and itself as factors.
• The first few prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17 and 19.
• These numbers are very useful in many calculations involving fractions and
decimals, especially when reducing fractions.
§ Any number can be written as a product of its prime factors.
Example: 24
4 6
2 2 2 3
This factor tree shows the prime factorization of 24 to be 2 x 2 x 2 x 3.

The only prime factors of 24 are 2 and 3.
Exercises
Write each number as a product of its prime factors. The first one is done for you.
1. 18 = 2 x 9 2. 28 3. 56 4. 36
=2x3x3
5. 100 6. 39 7. 144 8. 27
9. 80 10. 121 11. 108 12. 1000

Unit 2: Fractions
Definitions
• A proper fraction has the numerator smaller then the denominator.

1 37
Example: and are proper fractions.
2 100
• An improper fraction has the numerator greater than the denominator.
5 100
Example: and are improper fractions.
4 45
• A mixed number contains the sum of a whole number and a proper fraction.
1
Example: 2 is a mixed number. It is the sum of the whole number 2 and
4
1
the proper fraction .
4
• A fraction written in its simplest form or in lowest terms means:
§ any improper fractions are rewritten as mixed numbers.

§ the numerator and denominator have all common factors removed.
Always write the final answer in simplest form even

if the question doesn’t remind you to do so.
To change an improper fraction to a mixed number
Step 1: Divide the numerator by the denominator and use the answer as the
whole number part of the mixed number.
Step 2: Write the remainder as the numerator of a fraction part and use the same
denominator as in the original fraction.
Step 3: Check if the numerator and denominator have any common factors and
reduce if necessary.

7 2
Example: =1 This means 5 divides into 7 once with a remainder of
5 5
2.
25 5 1
Example: =2 =2 This means 10 divides into 25 twice with a
10 10 2
remainder
5 1
of 5. Then the fraction is reduced to .
10 2
35
Example: =5 This means 7divides into 35 five times with no
7
remainder.
The answer is a whole number.
To change a mixed number to an improper fraction

Step 1: Multiply the denominator by the whole number and add the numerator.
Step 2: Use the original denominator.
3 2 × 5 + 3 13
Example: 2 = =
5 5 5
3 6 × 8 + 3 51
Example: 6 = =
8 8 8
Exercises
1. Which of the following fractions are proper fractions?
4 12 1 15 100
5 7 3 6 30
2. Which of the following fractions are improper fractions?

4 12 1 15 100
5 7 3 6 30

3. Change the following improper fractions to mixed numbers or whole numbers.
7 15 56 24 3
6 8 7 5 3
4. Change the following mixed numbers to improper fractions.
2 3 2 5
3 7 9 2
9 8 5 9
5. Shade each diagram to represent the given fraction.
1 1
a. b.
4 3
5
c. d. 20%
8
6. Make your own diagram to represent each fraction. Be as accurate as you can.
4
a. 0.5 b.
5
Reducing Fractions
Step 1: If the fraction is improper, first change it to a mixed number.

Step 2: Divide the numerator and denominator by the same factor and write your
answer.
Keep in mind the divisibility rules and possible prime factors.
Step 3: Check to see if there is another common factor. Reduce as much as possible.
18 18 ÷ 6 3
Example: = =
24 24 ÷ 6 4

18 18 ÷ 2 9 9÷3 3
Example: = = = =
24 24 ÷ 2 12 12 ÷ 3 4
150 20 20 ÷ 5 4
Example: =2 =2 =2
65 65 65 ÷ 5 13
1200 12 12 ÷ 3 4
Example: = = =
1500 15 15 ÷ 3 5
In this example, we can immediately cancel the zeros because it is
as if we are dividing the numerator and denominator by the
common factor of 100.
17 17 x1 1
Example: = =
51 17 x3 3
This time each number was written as product of prime factors in
order to find the common factor.
Exercises
Reduce each fraction to lowest terms.
A B A B
6 27 18 60
1. 2.
42 36 26 200
30 14 30 3
3. 4.
12 16 45 21
45 17 21 24
5. 6.
60 34 56 36
35 20 1275 1250
7. 8.
75 200 3225 1375

Multiplying Fractions
Step 1: Change any mixed numbers into improper fractions.

Step 2: Look for any common factors of the numbers on the top and the bottom
and cancel them out.
Step 3: Write your answer in simplest form.
2 4 8
Example: x =
3 5 15
1 3
4 5 4 21 1 x 3 3
Example: x 1 = x = =
7 16 7 16 1 x 4 4
1 4
3 7 3 3 7 63 3
Example: 3x x = x x = =3
5 4 1 5 4 20 20
Exercises
Multiply.
1 6 12 5
1. x 2. x
3 7 25 32
4 3 4
3. 1 x 4. 6 x
9 10 5
3 10 1 15 36 12
5. 1 x 3 x 2 6. x x
5 30 2 24 45 90
Dividing Fractions
Step 1: Change any mixed fractions to improper fractions.
Step 2: Rewrite the question with the dividing changed into multiplying by the
reciprocal of the second fraction.
Step3: Cancel out any common factors in the numerator and denominator.
Step 4: Write the answer in simplest form.

2 5 2 4 8
Example: ÷ = x =
3 4 3 5 15
1 4
1 5 3 21 3 8 4
Example: 1 ÷ 2 = ÷ = x =
2 8 2 8 2 21 7
1 7
7 6 7 6 5 30 2
Example: 6÷ = ÷ = x = =4
5 1 5 1 7 7 7
3
4 3 5 3 7 21 1
Example: = ÷ = x = =1
5 4 7 4 5 20 20
7
Exercises
Divide.
1 1 1 5 16
1. ÷ 2. 5 ÷1 3. 1 ÷
9 2 3 7 21
16 1
9 1 20
4. 5. 7 ÷6 6.
2 2 6
7 5

Unit 3: Decimals
Place Value for Decimals
• Most decimals are a type of fraction, even though the denominator is not written.
Example: 0.7 or 2.39 or 0.003
• The only denominators we can use are multiples of ten, like 10 or 100 or 1000.
• The correct denominator is indicated by the number of digits to the right of the
decimal point.
Example: 0.7 has one digit to the right of the decimal point.
7
Thus, the denominator must be 10 and the fraction is .
10
Example: 2.39 has two digits to the right of the decimal point.
39
Thus, the denominator must be 100 and the fraction is 2 .
100
Example: 0.003 has three digits to the right of the decimal point.
3
Thus, the denominator must be 1000 and the fraction is .
1000
• The name of each place value to the right of the decimal point ends in “th”.
• A whole number can be changed to a number with a decimal by placing the decimal
point to the right of the ones digit.
Example: 35 becomes 35. just like $35 becomes $35..
• In a mixed decimal number, the decimal place is read as “and”.
Example: 2.46 is read as: two and forty-six hundredths

Place Value Chart for Decimals
• ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
millionths
millionths
(decimal point)
hundredths
thousandths
ten thousandths
hundred
thousandths
hundred
billionths
tenths
ten millionths
• If there are 5 or more decimal places, the digits can be separated by a space after
each group of three digits, starting from the decimal point.
Example: 0.123456 can be written as 0.123 456
• If there is no digit to the left of the decimal point then the zero digit MUST be written.
Example: .25 is NOT acceptable. You need to write 0.25 instead.
• Any zeros at the end of a decimal number MUST be omitted.
Example: You would write 0.65 and not 0.650.
Practice Examples
1. Find the place value of the digit 6 in the number 0.467 89.
2. Find the place value of 0 in the number 5.024.
3. Write the number: four hundred seven thousandths.
4. Write the number eight hundred forty-five and nine hundredths.
Exercises
1. Find the place value of each digit below.
8 in 9.0083 7 in 2.7352
4 in 125.074 8 in 0.928 43
2 in 8.625 93 9 in 27.938 005
6 in 0.0016 3 in 2.456 315

2. Write each of the following in words and as a fraction.
a) 0.3 b) 0.11 c) 0.019 d) 0.9
e) 0.003 f) 0.000 007 g) 0.7 h) 0.37
3. Write each number as a decimal.

a) three tenths b) six and five hundredths
c) twenty-five thousandths d) eighty and three tenths
e) eight hundredths f) twelve and seven thousandths
g) thirty-nine ten thousandths h) thirteen millionths
i) five and nine hundred nine millionths j) five hundred twelve and four tenths
4. Write each of the following fractions as a decimal.

1 1 1
a) b) c)
10 100 1000
2 3 4
d) e) f)
10 100 1000
5. Each of the following numbers is written incorrectly with unnecessary zeros or

improper spacing. Rewrite each number correctly.
a) 80.0950 b) 56.80 c) 03.590
d) .365 045 0 e) 45.362 5 f) 51.234 0
g) .854 200 h) 023.456 000 i) 10.0
j) 01.1230 23 k) 050.0 l) 52.012 123
Multiplying and Dividing by Powers of 10
• Multiplying by a power of 10 moves the decimal place an appropriate number of

places to the right. The answer is a bigger number.
• Dividing by a power of 10 moves the decimal place an appropriate number of places
to the left. The answer is a smaller number.

Examples: 3 x 10 = 30 3 x 100 = 300
3 ÷ 10 = 0.3 3 ÷ 100 = 0.03
2.35 x 1000 = 2350 2.35 ÷ 1000 = 0.002 35
100 x 0.45 = 45 0.0045 ÷ 10 = 0.000 45
Exercise #1
Write the answer to each problem.
A B C
1. 0.5 x 10 = 1.8 x 10 = 0.28 x 100 =
2. 3.5 x 100 = 150 x 10 = 0.789 x 10 =
3. 30 x 100 = 46.79 x 1000 = 23.8 x 100 =
4. 1000 x 79.45 = 100 x 0.345 = 10 x 0.027 =
5. 4.56 ÷ 10 = 23.89 ÷ 100 = 8.76 ÷ 1000 =
6. 0.329 ÷ 10 = 0.45 ÷ 100 = 123 ÷ 10 =
7. 278.9 ÷ 1000 = 0.056 ÷ 10 = 1234 ÷ 1000 =
8. 7000 ÷ 100 = 60 000 ÷ 10 = 1000 ÷ 1000 =
9. 6500 ÷ 100 = 80 ÷ 10 = 600 ÷ 1000 =
10. 100 000 ÷ 100 = 40 000 ÷ 100 = 340 ÷ 10 =
Exercise #2
Write the answer to each problem.

A B C
1. 2.1 x 10 = 6.4 x 10 = 3.6 x 100 =
2. 8.39 x 100 = 7.24 x 10 = 6.32 x 10 =

3. 4.3 x 100 = 0.08 x 1000 = 0.8 x 100 =
4. 1000 x 43.25 = 100 x 0.341 = 10 x 15.2 =
5. 6.3 ÷ 10 = 3.45 ÷ 100 = 21.3 ÷ 1000 =
6. 0.43 ÷ 10 = 1.05 ÷ 100 = 0.6 ÷ 10 =
7. 483.7 ÷ 1000 = 0.08 ÷ 10 = 1234 ÷ 1000 =
8. 600 ÷ 100 = 1000 ÷ 10 = 10 ÷ 10 =
9. 5500 ÷ 100 = 60 ÷ 10 = 500 ÷ 1000 =
10. 50 000 ÷ 1000 = 4000 ÷ 100 = 560 ÷ 10 =
Rounding
Step 1: Locate the “indicator” digit to the immediate right of the required place
value. This digit indicates whether we round or leave as is. None of the
other digits to the right of the indicator digit are important.
Step 2: If the indicator digit is 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 then we round up.
If the indicator digit is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 then leave the number as is.
Step 3: Drop all the digits after the required place value.
Example: 2.347 rounded to the nearest hundredth is 2.35

Example: 0.6489 rounded to the nearest tenth is 0.6
Example $82.99 rounded to the nearest dollar is $83
Example: 82.99 rounded to the nearest tenth is also 83
Exercises
Round each of the following numbers to the nearest tenth, nearest hundredth, and
nearest thousandth.
1. 32.876 2. 0.937 345 3. 56.899 36

Multiplying
Step 1: Remove the decimals from the numbers and multiply.
Step 2: Add up the number of decimal places in the two numbers. This will be the
number of decimal places in the answer.
Step 3: Remove any unnecessary zeros and write the answer with the correct
spacing.
Example: 2.34 X 0.056

Step 1: Multiply 234 x 56 to get 13104
Step 2: There are 2 + 3 or 5 decimal places altogether.
The answer is 0.13104
Step 3: Writing the answer with the correct spacing gives: 0.131 04
Example: 0.006 x 0.25

Step 1: 6 x 25 = 150
Step 2: 5 decimal places
The answer is 0.00150
Step 3: With the correct formatting, the answer is 0.0015
Exercises
Multiply.
1. 2.056 x 0.07 2. 0.0024 x 1.006 3. 0.08 x 32.5
4. 0.275 x 0.25 5. 0.000 35 x 0.02 6. 3.001 x 0.005

Dividing
Definitions
• The number you are dividing by is called the divisor.
• The number you want to divide is called the dividend.
• The answer is the quotient. The question usually indicates the number of decimal
places to round off.
Example: 425 ÷ 25 = 17
425 is the dividend. 25 is the divisor. 17 is the quotient.
• Division has many ways of being written. All of the following notations are the same.
Notice the position of the divisor and the dividend. The divisor is written last in every
case except the fourth one.
435
Example: 1. 435 ÷ 25 2.
25
3. 435 / 25 4. 25 435
The steps for dividing with decimals are summarized below.

Step 1: If the divisor is not a whole number, move the decimal place in the divisor
the appropriate number of places to the right and remove unnecessary
zeros.
Step 2: If you move the decimal place in the divisor, move the decimal place in the
dividend the same number of places to the right. Again, remove
unnecessary zeros.
Step 3: Write the decimal place for the quotient in the appropriate spot.
Step 4: Do the division one more place than is required for rounding.
Step 5: Round off your answer.
Example: 0.0346 ÷ 0.06 (round to the nearest thousandth).
There are 2 decimal places in the divisor so move both decimal

points 2 places to the right. Thus, the question becomes: 3.46 ÷ 6.

Using long division, now calculate the answer as follows.
0.5766
6 3.4600
30
46
42
40
36
40
36
4
The answer is 0.577
Exercises
Answer the following questions. Round to the nearest thousandth, if necessary.
A B C D
1. 3.05 ÷ 5 700 ÷ 0.8 2.4 ÷ 0.06 15 ÷ 0.3
72 .08 1.006
2. 125.3 ÷ 7 13.9 ÷ 0.05
4 2
1
4 0.005
3. 4.2 27.3 2
15 100
100
13 302 .8
4. 0.27 ÷ 0.3 15 ÷ 0.3
33 0.04

0.275
5. 0.972 ÷ 0.6 1.5 6.375 0.5664 ÷ 2.4
0.25
6. 6.006 ÷ 0.11 0.2345 / 7.08 0.7815 ÷ 0.15 0.7266 ÷ 0.021
1000
7. 0.3774 ÷ 11.1 0.7175 ÷ 2.05 85 ÷ 0.5
0.125
8. After doing the division questions above can you now answer the following
question?
When you are dividing by a number less than 1, will your answer be a number
bigger than or smaller than the number you started with?
Exercises
Simplify. Write your answer in simplest form. Round off to the nearest thousandth, if
necessary.
1
3
0 .5 250 x 5 0.002 2
1. 2. 3. 4.
100 1250 100 100
6.02 0.575 0.5 x 1000 0.04

5. 6. 7. 8.
100 10 4 .5 100
3.15 12 .5 2.25 x 10 15
9. 10. 11. 12.
100 100 500 100
250 x 10 0.06 x 20 100 x 0.65 2.25

13. 14. 15. 16.
750 0.12 1 .3 100

1 1
3 2 145
17. x 1 .1 18. x 4 19. x 1 .6
1 1 100
5 4
1 200 000 0.003 1 .3

20. x 3.7 21. x 5 22. x 0.19
800 000 0.01 0.95
Changing a Fraction to a Decimal
Changing fractions into decimals is an interesting process. You can simply use division
or you can use your knowledge of fractions and decimals to shorten the calculations.
The steps are outlined below. However, having some “insider” knowledge is quite
helpful. Some common
and not so common fraction-decimal equivalents are listed below. Watch for the
patterns.
1 2 3 1
= 0.11111... = 0.22222... = = 0.33333...
9 9 9 3
4 5 6 2
= 0.44444... = 0.55555... = = 0.66666...
9 9 9 3
7 8 9
= 0.77777... = 0.88888... = 0.99999... = 1
9 9 9
A similar phenomenon happens with fractions having a denominator of 99 or 999, etc.

Try it! You also might try fractions whose denominators are 11.
Step 1: If the denominator already is a power of ten, no calculations are required.

Just write the appropriate decimal.
3
Example: The fraction, , is three hundredths. The decimal form is 0.03.
100

Step 2: If the fraction can easily be changed into an equivalent fraction with a
denominator of a power of ten, then do so.
7
Example: Change into a decimal.
25
We can easily make the following calculations:
7 7x4 28
= = = 0.28
25 25 x 4 100
Step 3: Otherwise, use long division to find the answer to one more decimal place
than is required.
Step 4: Round your answer to the required number of decimal places.
5
Example: Change the fraction, , into a decimal. Round to the nearest
8
hundredth.
Using long division, 5 ÷ 8 becomes 0.625.

Rounding appropriately, the answer becomes 0.63.
Exercises
Change each of the following fractions to a decimal. Round your answer to the nearest
thousandth, if necessary.
A B C D
2 17 3 7
1. = = = =
9 20 8 25

4 2 7 1
2. = = = =
5 7 10 12
27 5 2 2
3. = = = =
50 6 11 3
4 4 11 9
4. = = = =
15 16 20 40
13 49 13 13
5. = = = =
25 50 20 10
Unit 4: Percents
Definitions
• A percent is a special type of fraction.
• The only denominator for a percent is 100 (until it is written in simplest form).
• The denominator of 100 is not written. Instead, a percent sign is used.
• A fraction with a denominator of 100 can easily be changed to a decimal by moving
the decimal point 2 places to the left.
Examples:
25 1
1. 25% = = 0.25. The fraction would be reduced to
100 4
6 3
2. 6% = = 0.06. The fraction would be reduced to
100 50
100
3. 100% = =1
100
114
4. 114% = = 1.14
100
200
5. 200% = = 2
100
1 0 .5 5 1
6. % = 0.5% = = = = 0.005
2 100 1000 200

1 0.25 25 1
7. % = 0.25% = = = = 0.0025
4 100 10000 400
1 1
1 1 1 1
8. %= 3 = 3 = x = = 0.0033 (rounded off)
3 100 100 3 100 300
1
Exercises
Fill in the chart below by writing the decimal and the fraction equal to each of the
following percents.
Percent Decimal Fraction
1. 7%
2. 14%
3. 25%
4. 50%
5. 75%
6. 12½%
7. 37½%
8. 62½%
9. 87½%
(round to nearest thousandth)
1
10. 33 %
3
2
11. 66 %
3
12. 10%
13. 20%
14. 30%
15. 40%
16. 60%
17. 70%

18. 80%
19. 90%
20. 100%
21. 101%
22. 102%
23. 103%
24. 110%
25. 114%
26. 120%
27. 130%
28. 200%
29. 300%
1
30. %
2
1
31. %
4
1
32. %
5
Rules for Interchanging Fractions, Decimals and Percents
• To change from a fraction to a decimal divide the denominator into the numerator.
2
Example: = 0.4 because 2 divided by 5 is 0.4
5
• To change a fraction into a percent use either one of these two methods:
Method 1: Change the fraction to a decimal and then move the decimal place
two places to the right.
17
Example: = 0.34 = 34%
50

1 1
Example: = 0.0025 = 0.25% = %
400 4
Method 2: Multiply the fraction by 100% and simplify.

17
Example: × 100 % = 34%
50
1 1
Example: × 100 % = %
400 4
• To change from a decimal to a percent multiply by 100%. This is the same as

moving the decimal point 2 places to the right.
Example: 0.37 = 0.37 x 100% = 37%
• To change a decimal to a fraction use the appropriate denominator of 10 or 100 or

1000.
37
Example: 0.37 = thirty-seven hundredths =
100
5 1
Example: 0.005 = five thousandths = =
1000 200
• To change a percent to a decimal move the decimal place 2 places to the left.
Examples: 37% = 0.37

2
66 % = 66.67% = 0.6667
3
1
% = 0.5% = 0.005
2
• To change from a percent to a fraction remove the percent sign, write a denominator
of 100, and simplify.
37
Example: 37% =
100

300
Example: 300% = = 3
100
1
1 1 100 1 1 1
Example: % = 2 = ÷ = × =
2 100 2 1 2 100 200
Exercises
Complete the following table.
Percent Decimal Fraction
1. 25%
2. 0.08
4
3.
5
4. 1.7
5. 1.5%
6. 45%
7. 0.034
2
8.
3
1
9.
8
10. 0.375
11. 55%
12. 0.46
13. 0.46%
1
14. %
2
1
15.
2

9
16.
10
17. 36.5%
1
18. 0.33
3
19. 0.008
3
20.
4
3
21. %
4
9
22.
40
Which Number is Greater?
1. To Find Which Fraction is Greater

• If both fractions have the same denominator, choose the fraction with the greater
numerator.
5 3
Example: Which is greater: or ?
8 8
Since both fractions have the same denominator, we need only
5
compare the numerators. Since 5 is greater than 3 then is
8
3
greater than .
8
5 3
Think of cutting up a pizza. Would you rather have or of it?
8 8
• If both fractions have the same numerator, just look at the denominators and choose
the fraction with the smaller denominator.
5 5
6 8

Since both fractions have the same numerator, we need only
5
compare the denominators. Since 6 is smaller than 8 then is
6
5
greater than .
8
Think of cutting up a pizza. Would you rather have 5 slices of pizza
from the one cut into six equal pieces or the one cut into eight equal
pieces?
• If the fractions have different numerators and denominators, change them both to
the same denominator and then choose the greater one.
5 3
8 5
Change both fractions to a common denominator of 40.
5 5 x5 25
= =
8 8 x5 40
3 3 x8 24
= =
5 5 x8 40
5
Thus, is greater.
8
2. To Find Which Decimal is Greater
Step 1: Write the numbers in a column. Line up the decimal points and the
numbers neatly.
Step 2: Write each decimal number with the same number of digits to the right of
the decimal point by adding zeros.
Step 3: Choose the greater number.
Example: Which is greater 3.56 or 3.5?

Write: 3.56
3.50 (Here, a zero has been written in.)
Thus, 3.56 is the greater number.

Example: Which is greater 0.0325 or 0.034?
Write: 0.0325
0.0340
3. To Compare Fractions, Decimals and Percents
Step 1: Write each number in the same format as a decimal, or as a fraction, or as

a percent. Usually, changing them all to decimals is the easiest way.
Step 2 : Write the numbers in a column.
Step 3: Choose the greater number.
Example: Which is greater 0.35 or 36%?

Write both numbers as decimals:
0.35
36% = 0.36
Thus, 36% is the greater number.
1
Example: Which is greater 0.0325 or ?
32
Write both as decimals with the same number of digits after the
decimal point:
0.03250
1
= 0.03125
32
4
Example: Which is greater 45% or ?
9
Write both as decimals:
45% = 0.4500. . .

4
= 0.4444. . .
9
Thus, 45% is greater.
Exercises
Circle the greater number.
1. 0.65 or 0.6 2. 0.294 or 0.3
3. 0.08 or 0.008 4. 0.128 or 0.12 ½
5. 0.6 or 0.06 or 0.56 6. 0.306 or 0.31 or 0.3

5 5 11 7
7. or 8. or
8 10 15 15
4 3 11 3 7
9. or 10. or or
25 20 20 5 10
1 1
11. 25% or 25 12. or %
5 4
13. 2.36 or 230% 14. 2.045 or 2.04
Exercises
Do the indicated operations. Change each number to a decimal first.
1 3 37
1. 20% + 2.4 + 2. + 0.05 +
2 4 100
2 1 3
3. + % + 0.375 4. 2.0068 + 0.35% −
5 4 10

Unit 5 : Metric Conversions
1. Weight
Abbreviation Name Meaning
1 kg 1 kilogram 1000 gram
1 hg 1 hectogram 100 gram
1 dag 1 decagram 10 gram
1g 1 gram 1 gram
1 dg 1 decigram 0.1 gram
1 cg 1 centigram 0.01 gram
1 mg 1 milligram 0.001 gram
(space)
(space)
1 mcg 1 microgram 0.000 001 gram
kg hg dag g dg cg mg - - mcg
Things to notice:
• The basic unit of weight is the gram.
• Each prefix indicates what portion of the gram we have.
• The unit in any row is 10 times smaller than the one in the row above it and 10 times
bigger than the one in the row below it.
• The abbreviations are not capitalized.
• There are no periods to indicate an abbreviation.
• The abbreviations are not pluralized.
• Metric notation uses decimals not fractions.
• There is a space between the number and the abbreviation.

• Spaces are used to separate groups of 3 digits when you have more than 4 digits on
either side of the decimal point.
• The only units of weight used in this course are kg, g, mg, and mcg. Each of these
differs by a factor of 1000, either 1000 times smaller or 1000 times bigger.
kg g mg mcg
1000 1000 1000
Conversion Table for Units of Weight
1 kg = 1000 g
1 g = 1000 mg
1 mg = 1000 mcg
1 mcg = 0.001 mg
1 mg = 0.001 g
1 g = 0.001 kg
Converting from one metric weight unit to another involves moving the decimal place of
the given unit either 3, or 6, or 9 places to the left or the right.
Example: Convert 0.1 g to mg.

Convert grams to milligrams by moving the decimal point 3 places
to the right. We move to the right because we are changing from a
bigger unit to a smaller unit. We would have more of the smaller
units.
Thus, 0.1 g = 100 mg.

Example: Convert 375 mcg to mg.
Convert micrograms to milligrams by moving the decimal place 3

places to the left. We move to the left because we are converting
from a smaller unit to a bigger unit. We would have less of the
bigger units.
Thus, 375 mcg = 0.375 mg.
Example: Convert 2 kg to mcg.
Convert kilograms to micrograms by moving the decimal place 3
places for grams, 3 places for milligrams and 3 more places for
micrograms, for a grand total of 9 places to the right.
Thus, 2 kg = 2 000 000 000 mcg.
2. Volume
1 kL 1 kilolitre 1000 litre
1 hL 1 hectolitre 100 litre
1 daL 1 decalitre 10 litre
1L 1 litre 1 litre
1 dL 1 decilitre 0.1 litre
1 cL 1 centilitre 0.01 litre
1 mL 1 millilitre 0.001 litre
kL hL daL L dL cL mL
Extra things to notice about metric volume units that are different than metric weight
units:

• The basic unit of volume is the litre.
• The symbol for litre is capitalized so that it doesn’t look like a “1”
• The endings of the words are “re”, not “er”.
• The only units of volume used in your course are L, mL, and cc. The litres and
millilitres differ by a factor of 1000, either 1000 times smaller or 1000 times bigger.
The cc are equal to the mL.
• What is a cc? It is a cubic centimetre.
L mL cc
1000 1
Conversion Table for Units of Volume
1 L = 1000 mL
1 mL = 0.001 L
1 mL = 1 cc
1000 cc = 1 L
1 cc = 0.001 L
Example: Convert 400 mL to L.

Convert millilitres to litres by moving the decimal place 3 places to
the left. We move to the left because we are changing from a
smaller unit to a bigger unit. We would have less of the bigger units.
Thus, 400 mL = 0.4 L.

Example: Convert 375 mL to cc.
Convert millilitres to cubic centimetres by just rewriting the same

number of cubic centimetres as millilitres.
Thus, 375 mL = 375 cc.
Example: Convert 2 L to cc.

First, convert litres to millilitres by moving the decimal place 3
places to the right. Then rewrite the millilitres as cubic centimetres.
Thus, 2 L = 2000 mL = 2000 cc.
3. Length
1 km 1 kilometre 1000 metre
1 hm 1 hectometre 100 metre
1 dam 1 decametre 10 metre
1m 1 metre 1 metre
1 dm 1 decimetre 0.1 metre
1 cm 1 centimetre 0.01 metre
1 mm 1 millimetre 0.001 metre
km hm dam m dm cm mm
Extra things to notice about metric length units that are different than for metric weight
and volume units:

• The basic unit of length is the metre.
• Think of “centi” as cents in a dollar. Thus, there are 100 centimetres in a metre.
• The only units of length used in your course are m, cm, and mm. These units of
length differ by a factor of 100 or 10.
m cm mm
100 10
Conversion Table for Units of Length
1 m = 100 cm
1 m = 1000 mm
1 cm = 10 mm
1 cm = 0.01 m
1 mm = 0.1 cm
1 mm = 0.001 m
Example: Convert 46 mm to cm.
Convert millimetres to centimetres by moving the decimal place 1

place to the left. We move to the left because we are changing from
a smaller unit to a bigger unit. We would have less of the bigger
units.
Thus, 46 mm = 4.6 cm.
Example: Convert 375 cm to m.
Convert centimetres to metres by moving the decimal place 2

places to the left. We move to the left because we are changing

from a smaller unit to a bigger unit. We would have less of the
bigger units.
Thus, 375 cm = 3.75 m.
Example: Convert 2 m to mm.
Convert metres to millimetres by moving the decimal place 3 places

to the right. We move to the right because we are changing from a
bigger unit to a smaller unit. We would have more of the smaller
units.
Thus, 2 m = 2000 mm.
Exercises
1. Fill in the blanks.
a) 3 m = __________________ cm = _______________ mm
b) 4 m = __________________ cm = _______________ mm
c) 4.5 m = _________________ cm = _______________ mm
d) 3000 mm = ______________ cm = _______________ m
e) 3500 mm = ______________ cm = _______________ m
f) 500 mm = _______________ cm = _______________ m
g) 50 mm = ________________ cm = _______________ m
h) 0.06 m = ________________ cm = _______________ mm
i) 9.5 m = _________________ cm = _______________ mm
j) 4.3 m = _________________ cm = _______________ mm

2. Fill in the chart.
kilogram (kg) gram (g) milligram (mg) microgram (mcg)
1. 8.5
2. 300
3. 600
4. 1000
5. 2
6. 0.5
7. 0.6
8. 5000
9. 1 000 000
3. Complete the conversions.

a) 4 cm = _____________________ mm
b) 0.6 kg = _____________________ g
c) 50 mg = _____________________ mcg
d) 4 mL = _____________________ cc
e) 400 g = _____________________ mg
f) 80 mcg = _____________________ mg
g) 1000 g = _____________________ mg
h) 2 000 000 mcg = _____________________ kg
i) 0.006 mcg = _____________________ mg

j) 500 mL = _____________________ L
k) 500 cm = _____________________ m
l) 42.8 kg = _____________________ g
m) 5000 mcg = _____________________ g
n) 70 cc = _____________________ mL
o) 0.6 cm = _____________________ m
p) 52 mm = _____________________ cm
q) 5000 g = _____________________ mg
r) 5000 g = _____________________ mcg
s) 5000 g = _____________________ kg
t) 5000 mL = _____________________ L
u) 5000 mL = _____________________ cc
v) 5000 L = _____________________ mL
w) 5000 L = _____________________ cc
x) 5000 cc = _____________________ L
y) 5000 mcg = _____________________ kg
z) 5000 mcg = _____________________ mg
Unit 6: Drug Dosage Calculations
Solving Proportions
Proportions are written as fractions or by using a special notation.
x 3
Example: = or x : 5 :: 3 : 25 or x : 5 = 3 : 25
5 25

To solve a proportion, use either of the following methods.
Method 1: Cross Multiply
x 3
Example: = can be rearranged to the following form:
5 25
5×3
x= . Then the answer can easily be found.
25
15 3
x= = or 0 .6
25 5
0.375 5
Example: = can be written as:
0.275 x
0.275 x 5
x=
0.375
x = 3.667
Method 2: Product of the Means = Product of the Extremes
Example: x : 5 = 3 : 25
The means are the 5 and the 3 because they are the
middle two numbers.
The extremes are the x and the 25 because they are the
two outside numbers.
When we multiply the means we will get the same answer as when
we multiply the extremes.
Thus, x × 25 = 5 × 3
Again, we can change the form to:
5×3
x= . The answer can easily be found as:
25
3
x= or 0 .6
5

doctor ' s orders
Amount to be given = x form of the drug
strength of the drug in stock
Exercises
Solve each of the following proportions.
x 15
1. = 2. 30 : 60 = 9 : x 3. 18 : x :: 3 : 4
6 18
2 1 45 25
4. 24 : 35 = x : 70 5. = 6. =
17 x 18 x
30 x x
7. 4 : 5 :: x : 6 8. = 9. 15 : 25 =
50 35 30
325 13 0.35 x
10. = 11. 9 : 16 = x : 32 12. =
275 x 0.175 3
2 400 x 0. 4 0 .2 x
13. = 14. = 15. =
x 350 5 0. 5 400 250
10 000 x 60 x
16. = 17. = 18. 320 : 480 = x : 6
25 000 5 40 1
15 600 4.75 x 0.004 10

19. = 20. = 21. =
x 750 3.25 13 0.02 x
Calculating Dosages
When the amount of drug ordered by a doctor is different from the stock available, the
nurse must calculate the dose to be given. Ratio and proportion are used to solve these
problems.
Method 1: Using a formula.

Remember to check that the metric units for the doctor’s order and
for the strength of the drug are the same.
Example: The doctor orders 0.5 mg of a drug. The stock is 0.125 mg per 4
mL. How many mL do you give?
doctor ' s orders

Amount to be given = x form of drug
stock
0 .5
= x 4
0.125
500
= x 4
125
= 4 x 4
= 16 mL
Method 2: Cross Multiplying and Simplifying
Example: The doctor orders 60 mg. In stock, you have 40 mg tablets. How
much do you give?
60 mg x tablets
40 mg 1 tablet
Having matched the milligrams and the tablets, a proportion can be

written.
60 x
=
40 1
60 x 1
x =
40
x = 1.5 tablets

Exercises
1. The order is for 9 mg. In stock is 20 mg/2mL. How many millilitres do you give?
2. The patient is to receive 2 grams of an antibiotic. Tablets available are 500
milligrams. How many tablets should the patient take?
3. The doctor orders 3 grams of a drug. The stock reads 250 mg per 5 mL. How
much do you give?
4. The order reads 500 mg. Tablets on hand are labelled 1 g each. You will give
how many tablets?
5. You are to give 750 000 units. The bottle is labelled 1 000 000 units/5 mL. How
many mL do you give?
6. The order is for 0.375 mg of a drug. The available drug reads 0.25 mg per tablet.
How many tablets will you give the patient?
7. The doctor has ordered 0.5 g of a drug. Your tablets are 25 mg per tablet. How
many tablets do you give?
8. The available liquid medication reads 0.4 mg/10 mL. The order reads 50 mcg.
How much do you give the patient?
9. Tablets are 700 mcg each. The patient needs 1.4 mg of this drug. How many do
you give?
10. The bottle is labelled 200 mg/10 mL. The doctor orders 0.2 g. How much do you
give?
11. You are told to give the patient 200 mcg. The stock label reads 0.25 mg/mL. How
much do you give?
12. Stock: 100 mcg per tablet. Order: 2.5 mg. How many tablets do you give?
13. The order in the chart reads 0.2 g of the drug. You find the stock drug labelled 10
mg/mL. How much do you give?
14. You are to give 20 000 units of a drug. The label reads 50 000 units/5 mL. How
much do you give?
15. Order = 0.2 g. Stock = 400 mg each tablet. How much do you give?
16. Order = 100 mg. Tablets = 0.1 g each. How much do you give?

17. A doctor orders 0.25 mg. The drug is available as 0.125 mg per mL. How much
do you give?
18. Stock drug is labelled 100 mg per 2 mL. The doctor orders 50 mg. How many mL
should you inject?
19. The doctor orders 250 mg. The drug available is 1 g/5 mL. How many mL should
be injected?
20. If 2 tablets are given 4 times a day, how many are given in a 24-hour period?
21. If 500 mg are to be given every 6 hours how many mg are given in a 24-hour
period?
Appendix
A. Multiplication Chart
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
3 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36
4 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
6 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72
7 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84
8 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96
9 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 108
10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
11 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 110 121 132
12 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144

B. Sieve of Eratosthenes
The process you are about to discover can be used to find all the prime numbers
between 1 and 100. Follow the steps below.
Step 1: Cross out 1
Step 2: Circle 2 and cross out all the multiples of 2 after it until you get to 100.
Step 3: Circle 3 and cross out all the multiples of 3 after it. Some multiples of 3 will
have already been crossed out.
Step 4: Circle 5 and cross out all the multiples of 5 after it.
We don’t circle the number 4 because it has already been crossed out.
Any multiple of 4 is also a multiple of 2 and will have been crossed out as
well.
Step 5: Continue this process until the only numbers you have left are the ones
with circles around them. The circled numbers are the prime numbers.
Step 6: Below the chart list the prime numbers you have found.
Sieve of Eratosthenes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
All the prime numbers between 1 and 100 are:
____________________________________
__________________________________________________

C. Multiplication Chart for the Prime Numbers
List the prime numbers between 1 and 35 in the first column. Fill in the multiplication
table for those prime numbers.
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
D. Place Value Chart

•
millions
hundreds
hundredths
millionths
hundred thousands
hundred thousandths
ones
tens
tenths
ten thousands
ten thousandths
thousands
thousandths

E. Metric Conversions Chart
Multiply
by 10 for each step, going from larger to smaller units:
kilo- hecto- deca- base deci- centi- milli- (space) (space)

micro-
Divide
by 10 for each step, going from smaller to larger
units
Remember: 10 x 10 x 10 = 1000
king hecto’s daughters based decisions concerning milk (on) (the)

microchip

F. Metric Conversion Chart in Steps
kilo-
1000
hecto-
100
deca-
metre
litre 10
gram
1
deci-
0.1
centi-
0.01
milli-
0.001
micro-
0.000 001

Answer Key
Page 5
1. tens ten thousands
hundred thousands hundreds
thousands millions
ones millions
2. a) 131 000 b) 12 539 c) 6 009 900
d) 8020 e) 150 950 000 f) 1 101 101
Page 6
A B C
1. 500 1280 302 800
2. 3000 4 679 000 23 800
3. 7 945 000 34 500 270
4. 456 23 876
5. 2789 1200 5600
Page 7 Exercise 1
1. a) 292 b) 736 c) 686
2. a) 5427 b) 3110 c) 4968
3. a) 4757 b) 14 460 c) 452 658
4. a) 58 149 b) 2 039 048 c) 4 477 866
Page 8
A B C
1. 48 50 R 4 370
2. 4301 7 R 30 3476 R 14
3. 78 106 R 13 1021 R 38
Pages 9-10
2 3 5 10 25 100 1000
1. 10 4 2
2. 25 10 5 2
3. 18 12
4. 13
5.
6. 11
7. 7
8. 36 24
9. 25 5
10. 75 45 9
11. 250 100 50 20 5
12. 1000 400 200 80 20 2
13. 512
14. 605 121
15. 675 405 81

16. 5000 2000 1000 400 100 10
17. 11
18. 11
19. 111
20. 16 500 11 000 6600 3300 1320 330 33
Page 10
1. a) 1 x 36, 2 x 18, 3 x 12, 4 x 9, 6 x 6

b) 1 x 100, 2 x 50, 4 x 25, 5 x 20, 10 x 10
c) 1 x 18, 2 x 9, 3 x 6
d) 1 x 49, 7 x 7
e) 1 x 144, 2 x 72, 3 x 48, 4 x 36, 6 x 24, 8 x 18, 9 x 16, 12 x 12
f) 1 x 1000, 2 x 500, 4 x 250, 5 x 200, 8 x 125, 10 x 100, 20 x 50, 25 x 40
2. a) 1, 3, 5, 15, 25, 75
b) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 15, 18, 30, 45, 90
c) 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64
d) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 25, 30, 50, 75, 150
Page 11
1. 2x3x3 2. 2x2x7 3. 2x2x2x7

4. 2x2x3x3 5. 2x2x5x5 6. 3 x 13
7. 2x2x2x2x3x3 8. 3x3x3 9. 2x2x2x2x5
10. 11 x 11 11. 2x2x3x3x3 12. 2x2x2x5x5x5
Page 13
4 1 12 15 100
1. , 2. , ,
5 3 7 6 30
1 7 4 29 59 47 23
3. 1 , 1 , 8, 4 , 1 4. , , ,
6 8 5 9 8 5 9
5. a. b. c.
d.

Page 15
1 3 9 3 1 7
1. , 2. , 3. 2 ,
7 4 13 10 2 8
2 1 3 1 3 2
4. , 5. , 6. ,
3 7 4 2 8 3
7 1 17 10
7. , 8. ,
15 10 43 11
Page 16
2 3 13
1. 2. 3.
7 40 30
4 1 1
4. 4 5. 13 6.
5 3 15
Page 17
2 3 1
1. 2. 3 3. 2
9 4 4
2 1 1
4. 6 5. 1 6.
9 4 24
Page 19 Practice
1. hundredths 2. tenths 3. 0.407 4. 845.09
Pages 19-20
1. thousandths tenths
thousandths thousandths
hundredths tenths
ten thousandths ten thousandths
3
2. a) three tenths b) eleven hundredths
10
11
100

19
c) nineteen thousandths d) nine tenths
1000
9
10
3
e) three thousandths f) seven millionths
1000
7
1 000 000
7
g) seven tenths h) thirty-seven hundredths
10
37
100
3. a) 0.3 b) 6.05 c) 0.025 d) 80.3 e) 0.08

f) 12.007 g) 0.0039 h) 0.000 013 i) 5.000 909
j) 512.4
4. a) 0.1 b) 0.01 c) 0.001 d) 0.2 e) 0.03

f) 0.004
5. a) 80.095 b) 56.8 c) 3.59 d) 0.365 045 e) 45.3625

f) 51.234 g) 0.8542 h) 23.456 i) 10
j) 1.123 023 k) 50 l) no change
Page 21 Exercise 1
A B C
1. 5 18 28
2. 350 1500 7.89
3. 3000 46 790 2380
4. 79 450 34.5 0.27
5. 0.456 0.2389 0.008 76
6. 0.0329 0.0045 12.3
7. 0.2789 0.0056 1.234
8. 70 6000 1
9. 65 8 0.6
10. 1000 400 34
Page 21 Exercise 2
A B C
1. 21 64 360
2. 839 72.4 63.2

3. 430 80 80
4. 43 250 34.1 152
5. 0.63 0.0345 0.0213
6. 0.043 0.0105 0.06
7. 0.4837 0.008 1.234
8. 6 100 1
9. 55 6 0.5
10. 50 40 56
Page 22
1. 32.9 32.88 32.876

2. 0.9 0.94 0.937
3. 56.9 56.9 56.899
Page 23
1. 0.143 92 2. 0.002 414 4 3. 2.6
4. 0.068 75 5. 0.000 007 6. 0.015 005
Page 25
A B C D
1. 0.61 875 40 50
2. 17.9 278 18.02 0.503
3. 0.267 6.5 0.000 05 0.005
4. 0.394 7570 0.9 50
5. 1.62 1.1 4.25 0.236
6. 54.6 0.033 5.21 34.6
7. 0.034 8000 0.35 170
8. bigger
Page 26 - 27
1. 0.005 2. 1 3. 0.000 02 4. 0.035
5. 0.06 6. 0.058 7. 111.111 8. 0.0004
9. 0.032 10. 0.125 11. 0.045 12. 0.15
13. 3.333 14. 10 15. 50 16. 0.023
17. 1.833 18. 8 19. 2.32 20. 5.55
21. 1.5 22. 0.26
Page 28 - 29
1. 0.222 0.85 0.375 0.28
2. 0.8 0.286 0.7 0.083
3. 0.54 0.833 0.182 0.667
4. 0.267 0.25 0.55 0.225
5. 0.52 0.98 0.65 1.3

Page 30
7 7
1. 0.07 17. 0.7
100 10
7 4
2. 0.14 18. 0.8
50 5
1 9
3. 0.25 19. 0.9
4 10
1
4. 0.5 20. 1 1
2
3 1
5. 0.75 21. 1.01 1
4 100
1 1
6. 0.125 22. 1.02 1
8 50
3 3
7. 0.375 23. 1.03 1
8 100
5 1
8. 0.625 24. 1.1 1
8 10
7 7
9. 0.875 25. 1.14 1
8 50
1 1
10. 0.333 26. 1.2 1
3 5
2 3
11. 0.667 27. 1.3 1
3 10
1
12. 0.1 28. 2 2
10
1
13. 0.2 29. 3 3
5
3 1
14. 0.3 30. 0.005
10 200
2 1
15. 0.4 31. 0.0025
5 400
3 1
16. 0.6 32. 0.002
5 500
Pages 33-34
Percent Decimal Fraction Percent Decimal Fraction

1 23
1. 25% 0.25 12. 46% 0.46
4 50

2 23
2. 8% 0.08 13. 0.46% 0.0046
25 5000
4 1 1
3. 80% 0.8 14. % 0.005
5 2 200
7 1
4. 170% 1.7 1 15. 50% 0.5
10 2
3 9
5. 1.5% 0.015 16. 90% 0.9
200 10
9 73
6. 45% 0.45 17. 36.5% 0.365
20 200
17 1 1
7. 3.4% 0.034 18. 33.333% 0.33
500 3 3
2 1
8. 66.7% 0.667 19. 0.8% 0.008
3 125
1 3
9. 12.5% 0.125 20. 75% 0.75
8 4
3 3 3
10. 37.5% 0.375 21. % 0.0075
8 4 400
11 9
11. 55% 0.55 22. 22.5% 0.225
20 40
Page 37 Exercise 1
1. 0.65 2. 0.3 3. 0.08 4. 0.128 5. 0.6

5 11 4 7
6. 0.31 7. 8. 9. 10.
8 15 25 10
1
11. 25 12. 13. 2.36 14. 2.045
5
Page 37 Exercise 2
1. 3.1 2. 1.17 3. 0.7775 4. 1.7103
Pages 44-46
1. a) 300 cm, 3000 mm b) 400 cm, 4000 mm

c) 450 cm, 4500 mm d) 300 cm, 3 m e) 350 cm, 3.5 m
f) 50 cm, 0.5 m g) 5 cm, 0.05 m h) 6 cm, 60 mm i) 950
cm, 9500 mm j) 430 cm, 4300 mm

2.
microgram
kilogram (kg) gram (g) milligram (mg)
(mcg)
1. 8.5 8500 8 500 000 8 500 000 000
2. 0.3 300 300 000 300 000 000
3. 0.0006 0.6 600 600 000
4. 0.000 001 0.001 1 1000
5. 2 2000 2 000 000 2 000 000 000
6. 0.0005 0.5 500 500 000
7. 0.000 000 6 0.0006 0.6 600
8. 0.000 005 0.005 5 5000
9. 0.001 1 1000 1 000 000
3. a) 40 mm b) 600 g c) 50 000 mcg

d) 4 cc e) 400 000 mg f) 0.08 mg
g) 1 000 000 mg h) 0.002 kg i) 0.000 006 mg
j) 0.5 L k) 5m l) 42 800 g
m) 0.005 g n) 70 mL o) 0.006 m
p) 5.2 cm q) 5 000 000 mg r) 5 000 000 000 mcg
s) 5 kg t) 5L u) 5000 cc
v) 5 000 000 mL w) 5 000 000 cc x) 5L
y) 0.000 005 kg z) 5 mg
Page 48
1. 5 2. 18 3. 24 4. 48 5. 8.5
6. 10 7. 4.8 8. 21 9. 18 10. 11
11. 18 12. 6 13. 1.75 14. 4 15. 0.125
16. 2 17. 1.5 18. 4 19. 18.75 20. 19
21. 50
Page 50
1. 0.9 mL 2. 4 tablets 3. 60 mL
4. 0.5 tablet 5. 3.75 mL 6. 1.5 tablets
7. 20 tablets 8. 1.25 mL 9. 2 tablets
10. 10 mL 11. 0.8 mL 12. 25 tablets
13. 20 mL 14. 2 mL 15. 0.5 tablet
16. 1 tablet 17. 2 mL 18. 1 mL
19. 1.25 mL 20. 8 tablets 21. 2000 mg

Page 50
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37,

41,
43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97
Page 53
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
3 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
7 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70
11 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 110
13 13 26 39 52 65 78 91 104 117 130
17 17 34 51 68 85 102 119 136 153 170
19 19 38 57 76 95 114 133 152 171 190
23 23 46 69 92 115 138 161 184 207 230
29 29 58 87 116 145 174 203 232 261 290
31 31 62 93 124 155 186 217 248 279 310

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Math for Nurses

Unit 1 Whole Numbers page 4

Unit 2 Fractions page 10

Unit 3 Decimals page 15

Unit 5 Metric Conversions page 33

Unit 6 Drug Dosage Calculations page 41

Answer Key page 50

Property of Assiniboine Community College 2

Reducing Fractions 10%

Read through each of the units.

Do all the exercises in this booklet.

Use the Answer Key to correct your work.

Property of Assiniboine Community College 3

Place Value for Whole Numbers

• Whole numbers are made up of the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.

Place Value Chart for Whole Numbers

Property of Assiniboine Community College 4

Answers: 1. thousands 2. hundreds

3. 402 4. 8 002 300 005

2 in 825 7 in 273 520

2. Write each of the following as a whole number.

a) one hundred thirty-one thousand

Property of Assiniboine Community College 5

Example: 42 x 1000 = 42 000

1. 50 x 10 = 128 x 10 = 3028 x 100 =

2. 30 x 100 = 4679 x 1000 = 238 x 100 =

3. 1000 x 7945 = 100 x 345 = 10 x 27 =

Property of Assiniboine Community College 6

5. 2 789 000 ÷ 1000 = 1 200 000 ÷ 1000 = 56 000 ÷ 10 =

Property of Assiniboine Community College 7

1. 384 ÷ 8 1704 ÷ 34 2220 ÷ 6

Divisibility Rules for 2, 3, 5, 10, 25, 100, and 1000

A number is divisible by:

2 if the number ends in 0 or 2 or 4 or 6 or 8

Example: 200 is divisible by 2 because 200 ends in 0.

Property of Assiniboine Community College 8

Example: 3435 is divisible by 3 because 3 + 4 + 3 + 5 = 15 and 15 is divisible

Number 2 3 5 10 25 100 1000

Property of Assiniboine Community College 9

2. List in ascending order all the factors of each number.

Property of Assiniboine Community College 10

This factor tree shows the prime factorization of 24 to be 2 x 2 x 2 x 3.

9. 80 10. 121 11. 108 12. 1000

Property of Assiniboine Community College 11

• A proper fraction has the numerator smaller then the denominator.

• A fraction written in its simplest form or in lowest terms means:

§ any improper fractions are rewritten as mixed numbers.

Always write the final answer in simplest form even

To change an improper fraction to a mixed number

Property of Assiniboine Community College 12

To change a mixed number to an improper fraction

2. Which of the following fractions are improper fractions?

Property of Assiniboine Community College 13

Step 1: If the fraction is improper, first change it to a mixed number.

Property of Assiniboine Community College 14

Property of Assiniboine Community College 15

Step 1: Change any mixed numbers into improper fractions.

Property of Assiniboine Community College 16

Property of Assiniboine Community College 17

Place Value for Decimals

Property of Assiniboine Community College 18

• ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

Property of Assiniboine Community College 19

• _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___