What are engineering tolerance?

are allowable variation from given dimensions. In other words, it is the total
amount by which a given dimension may vary without affecting product
function.

Tolerance (for hole) = Hole (MMC) – Hole

(LMC)

Why are Tolerance Required?

The production of closely mating parts, without tolerances is economically

unfeasible. This will increase the rejection rate and manufacturing cost.
Therefore, tolerances are used with part dimensions to facilitate
manufacturer and reduce cost.

What is tolerance Stackup Analysis?

Tolerance Stackup analysis is a design tool used to analyse and

optimize product assembly. It calculates the cumulative effects of
part tolerances in an assembly.

What are the types of tolerance?

• Unilateral Tolerance

• Bilateral Tolerance

What do you understand by fit?

The term fit refers to the permissible clearances between mating
parts. The clearance between mating parts determines the type of
Fit.

What are the different types of fits?

• Clearance Fit

• Interference Fit

• Transition Fit

What do you understand by Engineering Drawing?

Engineering drawing is a technical document used to transfer technical

information and define requirements. In other words, it’s a graphical
language that communicates ideas and information from one mind to
another.

What is Section, Projection, Isometric & Detailed View?

• Projection View : Projection view represents a 3

dimensional objects in 2 dimensions while looking from

one side.

• Section View: It is used to show the interior construction of a part

in engineering drawing.

• Isometric View: Isometric projection represents a 3D object into

2D in an engineering drawings. In this three coordinate axes

appear equally foreshortened and the angle between any two

axes is 120 degrees.

• Detailed View: It represents the larger view of any section of

engineering drawing.
What is the symbol of 1st and 3rd angle projection?

Angle Projection Symbol

Angle Projection Symbol

Which projections are preferred for engineering drawings?

Following two types of projections are used :

• First Angle Projection

• Third Angle projection

What is the difference Between First and third angle Projection?

The 1st angle projection part lies in the first quadrant. Therefore the object
lies in between plane and observer.

Whereas in third angle projection, the projection plane lies in between

observer and object.
Why 2nd and 4th angle projections are not used?

Because of overlapping of front and top views 2nd and 4th angle
projections are not used.

What is the least count and how is it calculated?

It is the smallest value measured with the measuring instrument. For

example, the least count for a normal scale is 1 mm whereas for vernier
scale it is 0.01 mm.

Least Count= Value of one main scale Division – Total Number of Vernier
scale division

What is the least count for Vernier Scale, Micrometer and normal scale?

• Vernier Caliper Least Count = 0.01 mm (Digital) , 0.02 mm (manual)

• Micrometer Least Count = 0.01 mm

• Normal scale Least Count = 1 mm

What is the factor of safety and how it is calculated?

FOS describes the load carrying capacity of a system beyond the expected
or actual loads. In other words, FOS represents : how much stronger the
system is compared to intended load.

FOS is calculated considering design load maximum value. Value of FOS is

always greater than one.

What are types of screws?

Here are the various types of screw available in

the market: According to the type of Screw

Head

• Countersunk Screw

• Raised or oval head screw

• Pan Head Screw

• Flat Head Screw

• Flange Head Screw

According to Screw Drive Type

 • Slotted

• Phillip

• Pozi Drive

• Torx Head

• Hex Socket

• Triangular head

• Security Head Socket

According to Screw Thread Type

• Machine Screw

• Thread Forming

• Thread Cutting Screw

What is a Stress-Strain Curve?

Stress Strain curve represents the behavior of material when an external

force is applied to it. This diagram is used by product design engineers
during material selection and structure design calculations.
Draw Stress and Strain Curve for Ductile and Brittle Material?

What is a datum plane?

A datum is a theoretical exact plane, axis or point location that GD&T or

dimensional tolerances are referenced to.
What is GD&T (Geometric Dimension & Tolerance) ?

GD&T is a system for defining engineering tolerances. It helps in conveying

product assembly requirements to manufacturers.