Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University

Lucknow- Deva Road, Uttar Pradesh

Specialization Project
On
Television Journalism- Reporting
Submitted
In Partial Fulfilment of requirement for the award of degree of
Bachelor’s of Arts ( Journalism & Mass communication)
To
Institute of Media Studies, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial
University
2021- 2022
Under Guidance of- Submitted By-
Prof. (Dr.) Neeraj Khattri Arshita Singh
Director BA(JMC) Final Year
Institute of Media Studies R.N.201910401110019

1
 Index

Serial Chapter Page number

number
1 Acknowledgement 03

2 Certificate of Originality 04

3 Certificate 05

4 Concept note 06-07

5 Rationale 8

6 Theoretical Approach 9-11

7 Practice and practical approach 12

8 Work done/ Finding analysis 13-15

9 Limitations 16

10 Conclusion 17-18

11 References 19

12 Annexure 20-21

2
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I am thankful to my supervisor and guide Dr. Neeraj Khattri, Director of

Institute of Media Studies, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University who helped

me throughout the tenure of my specialisation. His guidance and constant

encouragement helped me to make my specialisation .

Date Arshita Singh

12|December|2021 BA(JMC) Final year
R.N. 20191040111019

3
 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

Arshita Singh Roll No. 201910401110019 , a fulltime bonafide student

Bachelor’s of Arts (Journalism and Mass Communication) specialization year,
Institute of Media Studies, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University (SRMU). 1
hereby certify that this research work carried out by me at SRMU. The
specialisation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
programme is an original work of mine carried out under the guidance of Prof.
(Dr.) Neeraj Khattri. This work is not based or reproduced from existing work
of any other person or on any earlier work undertaken at some previous time
and has not been submitted anywhere else at any time to the best of my
knowledge.

Date Arshita Singh 12|

December|2021 BA(JMC) Final year
R.N.201910401110019

4
 INSTITUTE OF MEDIA STUDIES
Certificate

This is to certify that the Specialization project titled Content of Television

Journalism –Reporting, submitted by Ms. Arshita Singh Roll No.
201910401110001 and in partial fulfilment of requirement for the award of
degree of Bachelor’s of Arts (Journalism and Mass Communication) in Institute
of Media Studies, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University to the best of my
knowledge. It is a record of students own work carried out under my guidance.
This specialisation is the result of original work and the content do not form the
basis for the award of any other degree to the candidate or to anybody else.

Prof. (Dr.) Neeraj Khattri

Director
Institute of Media Studies

5
 Television Journalism “Reporting”

Concept note
Television journalism involves more than reporting the news on television. It
also involves researching and writing stories, collecting facts, following tips,
and more. Television journalism is the reason we have major television news
shows – whether those shows are regarding world news, politics, sports or
celebrities. The journalists who work to bring those television shows to life may
research stories, write, collect facts, follow tips, present the information to the
public on television and more. Television journalism is not quite so different
from print journalism, although television journalists use a different platform to
tell their stories.
Reporting is providing information about serious wrongdoing that you have
become aware of at your workplace/ place of study. Reporting is about
notifying concerning what you believe to be the discovery of breaches of laws
and regulations, breaches of ethical norms or serious conditions which might
harm individuals, the university, cooperative partners, or society as a whole.

News reporting is a type of journalism, typically written or broadcast in news

style. Most news is investigated and presented by journalists or news Reporters,
and can be distributed to various outlets via news agencies. News is often
reported by a variety of sources, such as newspapers, television, and radio
programs, wire services, and web sites. Reporter is a type of journalist who
researches and presents information in certain types of mass media. Reporters
gather their information in a variety of ways, including tips, press releases, and
witnessing events. They perform research through interviews, public records,
and other sources. The information-gathering part of the job is sometimes called
"reporting" as distinct from the production part of the job, such as writing
articles. Reporters generally split their time between working in a newsroom
and going out to witness events or interview people. Most reporters working for
major news media outlets are assigned an area to focus on, called a beat or
patch. They are encouraged to cultivate sources to improve their information
gathering.

In the modern age news journalism, the responsibilities of the press have grown
manifold. These days, the people are governed by multiplicity of authorities,
viz. Municipality, District Administration, State Government and the Central
Government. Even non-governmental authorities are involved in the lives of the
people in one-way or the other. Man cannot live alone. He is a social animal.
The way his neighbours behave or act affects him. Man is thus anxious to know
6
more about the world he lives in. Satisfaction of this curiosity is the major task
of a good journalist. The variety and the depth of news has, of late, increased
manifold. In fact, newspapers, magazines and periodicals have become the main
source of information for the people. This fact underscores the need for
accuracy in news reporting. Giving inaccurate news or putting out news in a
casual manner is fraught with grave dangers. A journalist, who is careless in
news reporting or indulges in lies, is a disgrace to the profession. It is better to
ease him out from this profession. If a journalist reports that 50 persons
belonging to a particular community, died as a result of communal riot when in
fact only 5 persons had lost their lives, his misreporting can trigger off a major
communal flare up and pose grave threat to law and order.

There are different types of news reporting which are as under: -

1. Investigative Reporting
2. Court Reporting
3. Accidence Reporting
4. Political Reporting
5. Fashion Reporting
6. Business Reporting
7. Sports Reporting
8. Specialized Reporting

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 Rationale

Reporting involves strong written and oral communication skills, keen interest
in news, current affairs, business and people accurate spelling, grammar and
punctuation, good organisation skills and the ability to work under pressure to
tight deadlines an ability to grasp complex issues quickly and explain them in
simple, concise language resilience, determination, flexibility, persistence,
motivation and integrity and I think I have all these abilities. I choose reporting
for my specialisation as I am interested in anchoring and reporting and I want to
make my career in field of reporting.
Reporting needs lot of courage and confidence and I think, I have that
confidence and courage that make me good reporter.

8
 Theoretical framework

Nose for news: A reporter lives on news, he must have an instinct for news, and
that is, he should be able to identify a newsworthy event. He should be able to
generate news from anyone no matter how important or insignificant that
personas.
Good command of written and spoken language of his medium:
To do your job well, you must be proficient in the language of the news. This
will enable you to learn as many things as possible. The present trend towards
specialization in news reporting makes it mandatory for reporters to learn as
much as possible on the subject they are assigned to, such as politics, science,
labour, economics and history.
Speed and accuracy: As a reporter, you have to bear in mind that your medium
is competing with others in the market. To meet a deadline, you need to race
against time in gathering and presenting news. Remember the saying that
journalism is history in a hurry.
Objectivity: You need to develop the ability to be impartial, impersonal,
objective and dispassionate. You should not shift the emphasis, twist the angle
or colour the story. Though you can afford to be ruthless, remorseless in
condemning unfair happenings in feature or editorial writings, news reporting
differs; what the listeners or readers want in news is fact and not your opinion
or emotional reaction.
Perseverance: As a reporter you need to persevere and go the extra–mile while
pursuing a story. Remember that there is a wide variety of people, while some
may have news to offer, others may have, but may not be willing to divulge it.
As such, if you are in undue haste, it may damage your investigation by causing
you to miss the vital part of the news.
Ability to establishing contacts: As a reporter, it is not enough for you to know
how to establish contacts; you should try to sustain contacts. Do not despise
anybody; the office assistant or even the cleaner may be your best source in an
organization. So, be friendly with them, as you would want to be with their
boss.
Trustworthiness: As a reporter, you need to respect the confidence reposed in
you by your source. On no account should you divulge your source of
information. Many reporters/journalists in the world have opted to go to prison;
rather than divulge.
9
Knowledge of working tools: To facilitate your job, you do not only need to
possess some aids you must know how to use them. These include a camera and
computer. In fact, in this age of computer-assisted journalism, it will be odd for
a reporter not to be computer literate and also know how to search for
information on the Internet. Besides, the knowledge of shorthand will be an
added advantage.
Ethics of the profession: Every profession regulates the conduct of its
practitioners in terms of duty and ethical behaviour. Journalism involves the
kind of trust that imposes strong obligations on all those who practice it. You
should keep abreast of the ethics of the journalism profession and also obey the
ethics.
Versatility: As a reporter you must have knowledge of the beat you are assigned
to cover. Also, you need to know about the community where you are operating.
A good reporter should also be pleasant, neat and stay intellectually alert,
optimistic and adaptable.

The specific duties of a staff reporter include:

1. gathering and reporting local and area-specific news and features
2.writing and editing news
3.presenting news on the air, conducting interviews, AD LIB reports, etc., either
in the studio or from location.
A reporter must appreciate the importance of having a good reputation for
absolute reliability. For this purpose, he must be systematic in his habits and
punctual in keeping his appointments. By observing these principles, every
reporter can make his path smooth and trouble free.
A reporter should have the ability of news reporting and writing skills in the
language of his paper. He should possess the quality to compose in a condensed
manner as per allowable space.
The reporter of any local newspaper occupies a unique position and he becomes
quite popular with the people of his town. He reports the local events, functions,
fairs, socials etc. and comes closer to the social life of the town. A reporter
should follow some professional ethics in his work. Sometimes, while engaged
in his profession, he may come to some persons and develop confidential
relations with them.
Sometimes, a reporter may be asked to write short length paragraphs regarding
the local intelligence or about the city news. For this he should keep his eyes
and ears open and develop a nose for local news. He should develop a system to
10
ensure that none of the interesting news is missed by him. He should try to
know the secretaries of social, religious, political, musical dramatic, legal,
official and other organizations and should call upon them regularly to get some
interesting stories. He should make inquiries from the police regarding news of
accidents and crimes. He should also contact the fire-station for the particulars
of local fires.
Every reporter should keep an engagement diary. In this way he can systematize
his working and attend to all his appointments properly and punctually. By
keeping an engagement diary, he can know about the important engagements
and other events in the future and cover them without fail.
The reporter should not forget to give a head line to his typed copy. Every copy
which goes to the printer to be set is given a catchline. The catchline is a key
word, because during the production it identifies all the sheets of the copy. Tile
catchline is given on each sheet so that the printer can collate the whole story.
The catchline should be chosen very carefully. It is better to choose an
uncommon word, which may not resemble with another news catchline.

Practice and practical approach

11
Finding the story and the sources are the main steps which are involved in the
process of tv reporting. The first step in tv reporting is to find a suitable or
relevant story. A person should do an in-depth study regarding a story, before
presenting a report on it. Usually, the reporter gets instruction from the editor
regarding which topic to be cover.
The second main step is to develop the sources. As sources are the person,
publication, or knowledge other record or document that gives timely
information. Try to get information from the source in area where reporting is
going to report its story.
The third step include collecting information from local people and try to
interact with them in order to know about their culture and about the whole
story on scene of incident.
Before starting shoot the reporter must check himself if he/she is looking
presentable, mic and camera are ready, camera person is ready. After checking
all these things start recording/shooting.
Next, reporter should take byte/PTC /walkthrough/live reporting or can make
simple videos which can compiled with packages.
After completing the video, reporter should send it to the post production team
for editing and broadcasting in any news show.

Work Done and finding analysis

12
Project 1 - PTC

आईआईटी हैदराबाद के प्रोफ़े सर के द्वारा एक नई कोविड किट कोवि होम डिवेलप की गई है, जो
भारत की पहली इलेक्ट्रॉनिक रै पिड टेस्ट किट है ।
इस किट की लागत 300 रुपए है जिससे बहुत आसानी से घर पे ही कोविड का टेस्ट किया जा
सकता है, जिसका रिजल्ट 30 मिनिट में आएगा, फिलहाल इस किट को आईएमसीआर से
मंजरू ी अब तक नही मिली है, अगर इस किट को अप्रवू ल मिलता है तो यह कोविड से जंग में
एक अहम कदम होगा ।
कै मरा पर्सन तान्या के साथ अर्शिता सिंह IMS Tv

Project 2 - Walkthrough

कोरोना काल के चलते पिछले वर्ष स्कूल कॉलेज आदि बदं कर दिए गए थे, अब लगभग एक
साल बाद सरकार ने उन्हें खोलने का आदेश दिया है और आज ऐसे में हम आ चक ु े है श्री
रामस्वरूप यनि
ू वर्सिटी में आइए देखते यहां कोरोना से बचने के लिए क्या क्या नियम लगाए गए है
और सरकार द्वारा बनाए गए नियमों का पालन कै से किया जा रहा है आइए बात करते है यहां
मौजदू छात्र छात्राओ ं से और जानते है की कोरोना के चलते क्या क्या बदलाव किए गए है ।
बाइट
जैसा की हम देख सकते है या छात्र छात्राओ ं से पता चल रहा की यह sanitization की परू ी
व्यवस्था है , गेट पर टेंपरे चर चेक किया जा रहा है, सामाजिक दरू ी का निर्देश दिया भी दिया गया
है।

Project 3 -PTC

इजराइल के पेगासस सॉफ्टवेयर के जरिए फोन टैपिगं की रिपोर्ट आने के बाद बवाल मचा हुआ है,
कांग्रेस प्रवक्ता रणदीप ने इसे लोकतंत्र के साथ खिलवाड़ बताया है, यहां तक कि राहुल गांधी की

13
जाससू ी को ले कर कांग्रेस ने ग्रह मंत्री अमित शाह के इस्तीफे की मांग भी की है, वही दसू री
ओर आई टी मिनिस्टर अश्विन वैष्णव ने इन सभी आरोपी को खारिज किया है

कै मरा पर्सन तान्या के साथ अर्शिता सिहं IMS TV

Project - 4 Vox pop
शान है हिदं ी अभिमान है हिदं ी
भारतीय होने की पहचान है हिदं ी
ऐसी पक्ति
ं यां आम तौर पर हमे सनु ने को मिल जाती है वही कई लोगो का मानना है की अग्रं ज़े ी
भारत के लोगो के लिए एक क्लास बन गई है आज लोगो को उनके हिदं ी बोलने की वजह से
कमतर आक ं ा जाता है आइए बात करते है कुछ यवु ाओ ं से और जानते है की उनका इस विषय में
क्या विचार है ।
बाइट १
बाइट २
बाइट ३
बाइट ४
बाइट ५
जैसा की हर किसी को लगता है की आज भारत में हिदं ी को बढ़ावा देने की जरूरत है क्यू की
अग्रं ेज़ी एक क्लास बनती जा रही है

Project 5: -PTC

ऑक्सीजन के कमी से कोई मौत नहीं :- कें द्र सरकार

कोविड के दसू री लहर में हुई ऑक्सीजन के किल्लत से हर कोई वाकिफ है ऐसे में कें द्र सरकार के
इस बयान ने विपक्ष को भड़का दिया है, AAP इस मद्दु े पर संसद में विशेषाधिकार हनन प्रस्ताव
पेश करने के तैयारी मे है, वही सजं य रावत का कहना है की सरकार के इस झठू े बयान के लिए
उनके खिलाफ के स दर्ज होना चहिए।
14
कै मरा पर्सन तान्या के साथ अर्शिता सिंह IMS Tv

15
 Limitations
1. Noise cancellation equipment’s are not available such as mic with noise
cancellation feature.

2. Less availability of good quality camera which results in low quality

video.

3. Rush at place of incidence barriers proper recording.

4. Sometimes weather conditions are not in favour of shooting.

5. Difficulty in finding proper angle for shooting at place of incidence.

6. Sometimes proper sources are not available for the story.

7. People at place of incidence avoid giving byte on camera.

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 Conclusion

No matter which method you use - and you should try to use them all on each
story - you want to find information that illustrates and explains the issue or
incident you are reporting. The trick is to use as many methods of collecting
information.
Reporters usually have a general assignment, special assignment, or have a
regular "beat." Beat Reporters are responsible for news originating from specific
areas such as municipal offices, hospitals, and police departments, etc.
Reporters are also assigned to cover news in special fields such as medicine,
foreign affairs, consumer affairs, fashion, art, education, or social events. The
duty of a reporter is to seek the truth and providing a fair and comprehensive
account of events and issues. Conscientious reporters from all media and
specialties strive to serve the public with thoroughness and honesty.
Professional integrity is the basis of a reporter's credibility. Reporters should be
honest, fair and courageous in gathering, reporting and interpreting information.

17
 References

1. E. (2004, January 12). journalism | Definition, History, & Facts.

Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/journalism

2. Reporting. (2021, July 1). School of Journalism and Mass

Communication. https://journalism.wisc.edu/undergraduate/reporting/

3. B. (1998, March 4). News Reporting & Editing. The Media School.
Retrieved April 21, 2000, from
https://mediaschool.indiana.edu/academics/undergraduate/journalism/new
s-reporting-editing.html

4. Kishore, K. (2021, August 3). Types of Report Writing Techniques For

media. Harappa. https://harappa.education/harappa-diaries/types-of-
reporting/

5. Nimcj, T. (2019, May 10). A Brief History of Broadcast Journalism In

India. Television Journalism. https://www.nimcj.org/blog-detail/a-brief-
history-of-broadcast-journalism-in-india.html#:%7E:text=Television
%20broadcasts%20started%20from%20nation’s,traffic%20and%20road
%20sense%2C%20etc.

6. George, E. (1998, July 6). Broadcast News Writing, Reporting, and

Producing, 6th Edition. O’Reilly Online Learning. Retrieved April 14,
2001, from https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/broadcast-news-
writing/9780240823713/21_chapter12.xhtml

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Annexure

19
 Photo no. 1 Taking byte from public
while doing walk through

Photo no.2 Reporter doing PTC in newsroom

Photo no.3 news reading from teleprompter

20
Photo no. 4 Taking byte from people while doing
reporting

21