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internal wrangling give little hope for revitalised the market and ended
something impactful to come next. The uncertainty about future government
PTI’s infighting has caused serious policies. But it has not. The markets are
damage, but the PDM’s quarrelling with apparently more focused on the
the PPP and the PML-N’s leadership government’s ability to get the National
crisis still persist. It is perhaps too soon Assembly’s approval for the
for the opposition to rejoice, even as the supplementary finance bill, 2021, and
ruling party is smarting from its recent controversial changes in the State Bank
defeat. Overcoming the political friction Act, two of the five prior actions
between opposition parties and finding a Islamabad has agreed to before the IMF’s
lasting solution to the Maryam Nawaz vs executive board revives its funding
Shehbaz Sharif crisis is no mean feat. The programme.
PTI may be fumbling due to its own
mistakes, but the truth is that the
opposition parties remain mired in A report early this week had revealed that
problems of their own making. Unless the federal cabinet had deferred approval
they get their act together, their current of both the supplementary finance bill
elation will fizzle out as quickly as did and the suggested changes in the SBP law
the ‘power show’ of the PDM. because of political reasons. It has now
transpired that there are strong
Funding review
differences of opinion within the PTI
Editorial 25 Dec 2021 over new tax measures being introduced
through the finance bill in the wake of the
THE government on Thursday said the
party’s battering in the first phase of local
IMF executive board will take up the
government elections in KP where voters
sixth review of its suspended $6bn
showed their frustration with the PTI for
funding programme for approval on Jan
not curbing the rising cost of living.
12. That means the country can expect
Many in the party believe that putting
the resumption of funding latest by the
greater financial burden on the people
end of next month, followed by the
through an increase in taxes could be
immediate transfer of the two pending
suicidal in terms of future elections. The
tranches of $1bn to the State Bank.
party’s allies are also reluctant to support
Ideally, the announcement should have
the inflationary measures proposed in the
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bill for fear of a political backlash in NCOC decision, those in this category
Punjab and elsewhere. As far as the bill will be able to get free booster shots of
— which will free the central bank from their choice from Jan 1. Earlier, only
the influence of fiscal authorities and people above 50 or those with
politicians on matters concerning the compromised immunity could receive
exchange rate and monetary policy — is booster jabs of the vaccine they had been
concerned, the security establishment is immunised with. But as several people
believed to be wary of unfettered couldn’t travel easily because a number
autonomy for the bank and its of countries let in only those who had
management. It goes without saying that been administered vaccines approved by
the opposition has already pledged to them, the government here decided to
resist the passage of the laws. So in such allow people to receive booster jabs of
circumstances, it is foolish to expect that their choice, irrespective of the vaccine
a mere announcement of the IMF board they were initially administered. At a
meeting for considering Pakistan’s time when the Omicron variant is
request on a particular date will end spearheading a potential fifth wave of
economic uncertainty stemming from the infections in Europe, the decision taken
deteriorating current account deficit, by Pakistan will also provide some
depleting foreign exchange reserves and degree of protection to people, including
galloping inflation. The markets need those who had already been inoculated
much more than that: a clear policy but who may once again be vulnerable to
direction for the economy. More the virus as the efficacy of vaccines
importantly, they want to know if the administered months ago tapers off. In
government has what it takes to make fact, the Omicron variant is said to be
tough decisions. highly transmissible even in people who
have been vaccinated.
Booster shots
By Usman Masood
Of course, Dr Abdul Hafeez Sheikh was
THOMAS Carlyle, in his essay
the dismal kind — a somewhat
Occasional Discourse on the Negro
paternalistic economist. One may
Question, argued that the idea of
visualise Dr Sheikh telling a restless
abolition of slavery was incompatible
Khan Sahib week after week that there
with high productivity. It was in this
was no route to his much-promised land
essay that he referred to economics as an
in the immediate future with an irritating
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Electoral reforms
Now, undergoing a change of heart,
By A.G. Noorani
Tarin Sahib favoured a higher interest
rate in an interview and hoped, the State SECOND only to the constitution, the
Bank had learned from high inflation and election law of a democracy is of the
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utmost importance. Like the constitution, electoral roll data with the Aadhaar
the election law must rest on a national ecosystem, it was cleared by Rajya Sabha
consensus. The election law of India is on Dec 21, 2021, amid acrimonious
embodied in Article 324 to 329 of the scenes.
constitution and in two statutes namely,
As in Lok Sabha, the opposition raised
the Representation of the People Act,
strong objections to a bill in Rajya Sabha
1950, and the Representation of the
as well. Yet in March 2020, when the
People Act, 1951.
parliamentary standing committee asked
the government to undertake
“appropriate actions” for “linking unique
The act of 1950 deals with the allocation
Aadhaar card number with Voter ID
of seats and delimitation of
card”, opposition members in the panel
constituencies, the appointment of
did not raise any red flag then. Thus the
election officers and the preparation and
opposition is not blameless either.
maintenance of electoral rolls. The act of
1951 deals with the qualifications and
disqualifications for membership of the
Election law is not something to play
legislatures — central and state, the
with. If the opposition had changed its
definition of corrupt practices and,
mind it should have admitted as much.
indeed, with the entire machinery and
The Aadhar card was introduced recently
procedure for the conduct of elections.
as a national identity card. It has its flaws.
The important sets of rules are the
The country is yet to cope with it. To
Registration of Electors Rules, 1960, and
expect illiterate villagers to use it to draw
the Conduct of Elections Rules, 1961.
their rations and the like is too much.
There are also issues of privacy.
dangers for the democratic process. with the religious one, which mark out
Unelected judges cannot and should not the Hindu people as a whole. The
usurp a task that belongs truly to the definition is not consequently meant to
elected representatives of the people. be a definition of Hindu dharma, or
Hindu religion. It is a definition of
‘Hindutva’ ‘Hinduness’.It is essentially
The legislature did not enact any national in its outlook and comprehends
effective law to bar criminals. the Hindu people as a Hindu rashtra” —
Criminalisation of politics is a disease a Hindu state.
which reared its head decades ago. The
law now rests on the directions issued by
India’s supreme court. The newfangled pernicious doctrine, was
taken over by the RSS, the Jan Sangh,
and the BJP. Hinduism is ancient.
Yet this very court has failed to prevent Hindutva is modern. The former is a
those who spew religious hate from matter of faith. Hindutva belongs to
entering the legislatures. In December sordid expediency.
1995, a bench headed by a pro-Hindutva
judge J.S. Verma held that the cry for
Hindutva did not amount to a plea for a Later, two benches asked the chief justice
Hindu state. It was simply a synonym for to set up a larger bench to review that
Hinduism. defective judgement. As an authority on
Hindutva, justice Verma did not quote its
author V.D. Savarkar’s essay but, hold
The publisher of Savarkar’s essay your breath, one Maulana Wahiduddin
Hindutva: Who is a Hindu? wrote: Khan’s Indian Muslims: The Need for a
“Apart from the religious aspect involved Positive Outlook (1994). It simply said:
in the conception of the words ‘Hindu’ ‘The strategy worked out to solve the
and ‘Hinduism’, Veer Savarkar had to minorities problem was, although
coin some new words such as ‘Hindutva’, differently worded, that of Hindutva or
‘Hinduness’, ‘Hindudom’ in order to Indianisation. This strategy, briefly
express totality of the cultural, historical, stated, aims at developing a uniform
and above all the national aspects along culture by obliterating the differences
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The maulana in fact disapproved of The year illustrated all that is wrong,
Hindutva while justice Verma lauded it. weak and inadequate in our politics. The
No larger bench to reconsider this government could not govern, the
pathetic ruling was set up. Since opposition could not oppose and the
December 1995 umpteen general establishment could not finish what it
elections to the Lok Sabha and many started. Faced with an uncertain situation,
state assemblies were held under a all are shuffling their way back to the
defective law as declared by the supreme drawing board. But have they learnt the
court. The RSS and the BJP profited by right lessons?
the ruling erroneously.
indication that it might reconcile one way The establishment has also gone through
or another. Post-budget it appears that the various ups and downs and the seminal
PTI was coasting along smoothly for the moment of the year was without doubt
rest of the term while the PML-N was that DG ISI appointment issue. This one
floundering on the basis of its own event changed the course of politics and
contradictions. is in fact still reverberating across the
landscape because of the enormity of
stakes involved. There are now fairly
Until help came from an unlikely source clear indications that the establishment is
— the prime minister himself. swinging the pendulum back towards a
certain equilibrium. The effects will
manifest themselves in the coming
The controversy over the appointment of weeks. The institution did, however,
the DG ISI created the space that the signal fairly emphatically that its internal
PML-N wanted but was not getting. transfers and postings remained out of
However, the party that had been bounds for the political leadership. It was
criticising the establishment for bringing a lesson that had to be learnt the hard way
in the PTI government struggled in the by all concerned.
initial weeks to figure out how to now
engage the establishment. It now
transpires that the party leadership The year 2021 has been like a Netflix
appears to have internalised the reality series season — it is ending on a
that if it wants to claw its way back to suspenseful note just as the situation
power, it will need to somehow deal reaches a crucial twist in the plot. The
constructively with the elephant in the next season, starting in a week, will
room. It may still be premature to say that grapple with the biggest question: is there
something has been worked out, but it is a change in the offing or will the
safe to say that the party is ending the government overcome yet another
year on a higher note than the one it challenge? Tune in to watch the same
started the year with. characters grappling with fresh
challenges in a battle that cannot have too
many winners.
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The Ottoman rulers of Turkey were, Erdogan is just one example where
however, not ideologues. As pragmatists ideology — whether religious or secular
who ran an empire, they broke the ban on — gives the driving seat to emotion and
banking because they well knew that no the back seat to reason. Turkey is in
banking meant no trading. This Western trouble, but the United States is in still
innovation had to be adopted come what deeper waters. Even in the post-Trump
may. But, to be safe, they first looked era many elected officials — both in the
around for muftis who could justify Senate and Congress — are ideologically
European banking — and found some. charged, radical, right-wing crackpots
One can endlessly debate whether these who deny climate change and conflate
justifications are genuine or gun-control with a communist takeover.
manufactured. Some lawmakers tacitly or openly
supported the Capitol’s takeover by a
mob. Will dysfunctional America get
But in Erdogan’s Turkey, state and back on the rails? The world is watching.
religion have been joined together;
ideology has trumped pragmatism. Still,
puzzles remain: how come an interest Pakistan’s misfortune is to have the soul
rate of six per cent is somehow un- brother of Erdogan in power today.
Islamic but a 4pc rate is okay? What Forget the falling rupee — it will surely
about 5pc? Erdogan is untroubled by make some small recoveries soon and,
such questions because he is an Ertugrul- for a while, everyone will be satisfied
like figure in his own imagination, again. Much more serious is that our
convinced of his absolute wisdom. He schools are producing hordes of ignorant,
recently lashed out at Turkish bigoted, hyper-religious Sialkot-type
businessmen who are unimpressed by his lynchers who are totally skill-deficient.
faith-driven economic policies. After This will get far worse when the
chairing a cabinet meeting on the falling ideologically motivated Single National
lira, he accused them of “scheming to Curriculum (SNC), the brainchild of PM
topple the government” and said their Imran Khan — becomes fully
hopes would be in vain. operational.
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