Professional Documents
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TECHNICAL EDUCATION
MICRO PROJECT
GROUP DETAILS
HOME APPLIANCES AND THEIR
SPECIFICATIONS
NAVJEEVAN POLYTECHNIC
BHANDUP (WEST)
LIGHT BULB
An incandescent light bulb, incandescent
lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with
a wire filament heated until it glows. The filament is
enclosed in a glass bulb with a vacuum or inert gas to
protect the filament from oxidation. Current is supplied
to the filament by terminals or wires embedded in the
glass. A bulb socket provides mechanical support and
electrical connections.
An SEM image of the tungsten filament of
an incandescent light bulb
Incandescent bulbs are manufactured in a
wide range of sizes, light output, and voltage ratings, from
1.5 volts to about 300 volts. They require no
external regulating equipment, have low manufacturing
costs, and work equally well on either alternating
current or direct current. As a result, the incandescent bulb
became widely used in household and commercial lighting,
for portable lighting such as table lamps, car headlamps,
and flashlights, and for decorative and advertising lighting.
MANUFACTURES:-
An array of air
conditioners outside a
commercial office
building
Air conditioners allow
the building indoor
environment to remain
relatively constant
largely independent of
changes in external weather conditions and internal heat
loads. They also allow deep plan buildings to be created
and have allowed people to live comfortably in hotter parts
of the world
Types of air conditioner
Ductless systems (or mini-split) systems typically supply
conditioned and heated air to a single or a few rooms of a
building, without ducts and in a decentralized
manner. Multi-zone or multi-split systems are a common
application of ductless systems and allow up to 8 rooms
(zones or locations) to be conditioned independently from
each other, each with its own indoor unit and
simultaneously from a single outdoor unit. The main
problem with multi-split systems is the length of the
refrigerant lines for connecting
the external unit to the internal
ones.
The first mini-split systems
were sold in 1954-1968
by Mitsubishi
Electric and Toshiba in Japan, where its development was
motivated by the small size of homes. Multi-zone ductless
systems were invented by Daikin in 1973, and variable
refrigerant flow systems (which can be thought of as larger
multi-split systems) were also invented by Daikin in 1982.
Both were first sold in Japan. Variable refrigerant flow
systems when compared with central plant cooling from
an air handler, eliminate the need for large cool air ducts,
air handlers, and chillers; instead cool refrigerant is
transported through much smaller pipes to the indoor units
in the spaces to be conditioned thus allowing for less space
above dropped ceilings and a lower structural impact, while
also allowing for more individual and independent
temperature control of spaces, and the outdoor and indoor
units can be spread across the building. Variable refrigerant
flow indoor units can also be turned off individually in
unused spaces.
MANUFACTURING:-
Air conditioners are made of different types of metal.
Frequently, plastic and other nontraditional materials are
used to reduce weight and cost. Copper or aluminum
tubing, critical ingredients in many air conditioner
components, provide superior thermal properties and a
positive influence on system efficiency. Various
components in an air conditioner will differ with the
application, but usually they are comprised of stainless steel
and other corrosion-resistant metals.
Self-contained units that house the refrigeration system will
usually be encased in sheet metal that is protected from
environmental conditions by a paint or powder coating.
The working fluid, the fluid that circulates through the air-
conditioning system, is typically a liquid with strong
thermodynamic characteristics like freon, hydrocarbons,
ammonia, or water.
All air conditioners have four basic components: pump,
evaporator, condenser, and expansion valve. Hot refrigerant
vapor is pumped at high pressure through the condenser,
where it gives off heat to the atmosphere by condensing into
a liquid. The cooled refrigerant then passes through the
In India, the voltage that is provided in majority of
household is around 240 V. Power source with
specifications of 230 ~240V/50 Hz is required for AC
operation. Therefore, the power supplied is sufficient for the
operation of Air-conditioners.
WATER PURIFIER
Pure, clean and safe drinking water isn’t available easily
these days. Growing population, industrial development and
environmental degradation are all causes for this. Given this
situation, it becomes even more important for us to be
aware of purification techniques and the available water
purifiers in the market to ensure that our drinking water is
of good quality.
MANUFACTURING:-
The Reverse Osmosis process begins with pre-filtration
of the source water. Pre-filtration allows large
particulates and contaminants in the water to be easily
removed before reaching the membrane used in the RO
process. By filtering the water, the shelf life of the semi-
permeable membrane employed by the RO unit is
increased through the prevention of clogging.
small appliances;
major appliances, or white goods;[3]
and consumer electronics, or brown goods.[4]
Review/information col
5. Quality
6. Report Preparation.
7. Presentation
8. Viva
2. Literature
Review/information col
4. Analysis of data
5. Quality
6. Report Preparation.
7. Presentation
8. Viva
small appliances;
major appliances, or white goods;[3]
and consumer electronics, or brown goods.[4]
2. Literature
Review/information col
5. Quality
6. Report Preparation.
7. Presentation
8. Viva
small appliances;
major appliances, or white goods;[3]
and consumer electronics, or brown goods.[4]
2. Literature
Review/information col
4. Analysis of data
5. Quality
6. Report Preparation.
7. Presentation
8. Viva