MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL

EDUCTAION

NAVJEEVAN EDUCATION SOCIETY POLYTECHNIC

MICRO PROJECT

Academic year: 2022-23

TITLE OF MICRO PROJECT

Visit a nearby RO Plant and prepare a
technical report

Program: Computer Engineering

Program code: CO5I
Course: Environmental Studies
Course code: 22447
 MHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that 1. Manit M. Ghag (1316)
2. Deepak V. Shete (1317)
3. Ketan T. Sutar (1318)
th
Of 5 semester of diploma in Computer Engineering of Institute,
Navjeevan Education Society Polytechnic (code:- 0144) has
completed the term work satisfactorily in subject Environmental
Studies(22447) for the academic year 2022 to 2023 as prescribed in
the curriculum.

Place: Bhandup Enrollment no: 2001440099

2001440100
2001440101

Date:- Exam Seat no:-

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Seal of Institute
 Environmental Studies

Navjeevan Education Society Polytechnic

Bhandup [ W ]
 Group Details

SR Name of Group Roll Enrollment No. Seat No.

No. Members No.

1. Manit Ghag 1316 2001440099

2. Deepak Shete 1317 2001440100
3. Ketan Sutar 1318 2001440101

Helped and guided by

Mrs. Sujal Patkar
 Weekly Progress Report (Action plan) Micro-Project :-
Topic: Visit a nearby RO plant and prepare a technical report
Academic Year: 2022-23 Name of Faculty: Mrs. Sujal Patkar
Program Code: computer engineering (CO5I).
Semester: V Course: Environmental Studies
Roll No.: 1316,1317,1318
Enrollment No: 2001440099,2001440100,2001440101
Name of Candidate: Manit Ghag, Deepak Shete, Ketan Sutar.
Sr Week Activity of Planned Planned Name of
No. Performed Finish Date finished Team
Date Member.
1. 1st Discussion and 26/08/2022 02/09/2022 Manit Ghag
Finalization of topic Deepak Shete
Ketan Sutar
2. 2nd Preparation and 02/09/2022 16/09/2022 Manit Ghag
submission of Deepak Shete
Abstract Ketan Sutar
3. 3rd Collection of data 16/09/2022 30/09/2022 Manit Ghag
Deepak Shete
Ketan Sutar
4. 4th Implementation 07/10/2022 14/10/2022 Manit Ghag
Deepak Shete
Ketan Sutar
5. 5th Check, Validation and 21/10/2022 28/10/2022 Manit Ghag
Execution of code Deepak Shete
Ketan Sutar
6. 6th Compilation of Report 28/11/2022 18/11/2022 Manit Ghag
and Presentation Deepak Shete
Ketan Sutar
7. 7th Actual Presentation 18/11/2022 25/11/2022 Manit Ghag
& final Submission pf Deepak Shete
Micro Project. Ketan Sutar
Sign of the Student:-
1) 2) 3)

Sign of the Faculty

  Brief Description: -

The world today is facing the biggest challenge of survival.

Degradation of the ecosystem, depletion of natural resources, and
increasing levels of pollution pose a major threat to the survival of
mankind. The need of the hour, therefore, is to concentrate on the area
of environmental aspects,
which shall provide an insight into various environment-related issues.

Ecological studies are an interdisciplinary academic field that

integrates physical, chemical, and biological sciences with studying the
environment.
It provides an integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary approach
to the study of environmental systems & gives an insight into
solutions to environmental problems.

 Course outcome addressed.

A} Select alternative energy resources for Engineering

Practice B} Apply techniques to Reduce Environmental
Pollution

 Proposed methodology
In this project, we get information about the RO plant
Topic: - Visit a nearby RO plant and prepare a technical report
Academic Year: - 2022-23
Name of Faculty:- Mrs. Sujal Patkar
Program code: - Computer Engineering. (5I)
Course & Course code: - Environmental Studies(22447)
Roll no: - 1316,1317,1318.
Enrollment no- 2001440099, 2001440100, 2001440101.
Name of Candidate: - Manit Ghag, Deepak Shete, Ketan Sutar.
INDEX

Sr Content Page no.

no.
1. Brief Description 1
2. Aim of Micro-Project 1
3. Course Outcome 1
4. Actual Resources Used 2-3
5. Skill Developed/learning out of 4-5
this Micro-Project
6. Implementation and Result 5-8
7. Conclusion 9
8. Teacher Evaluation Sheet 10
9. Micro-Project Evaluation Sheet 11
What is RO ?
The direct meaning of reverse osmosis (RO) is the movement of water
through a membrane when pressure is applied on one side of the
membrane. Reverse osmosis is one of the most effective, economical
technologies available for removing a range of impurities from water.

RO water treatment Plant Process

Reverse osmosis RO water treatment plant process is that allows the
removal of unwanted particles (salts) from a solution. Reverse
Osmosis water treatment plant is also used to treatment of water like
removal of hardness, microorganism, salts and impurities in order to
improve the color, odour, taste or properties of the fluid.
some of the fluid passes through the membrane, the rest
continues downstream, sweeping the rejected species away from it.
Reverse Osmosis water treatment plant process requires a HPP (high
pressure pump) to push the fluid through the membrane like high
pressure and large driving force
OSMOSIS
A methodology by which molecules of a solvent manage to pass via a
semipermeable membrane from a slightly concentrated solution into a
more concentrated one.

Osmosis is a naturally happening phenomenon and one of the most

crucial methodologies in nature. It is a process where a more diluted
saline solution will tend to emigrate to a strong saline solution.

A solution that is slightly concentrated will have a natural tendency

to migrate to a solution with a higher concentration. A semi-
permeable membrane is a membrane that will permit some screen
door. It permits air molecules to pass through but not pests or
anything bigger than the holes in the screen door.

Osmosis is a vital process in biological systems, as biological

membranes are semipermeable. In general, these membranes are
impermeable to large and polar molecules, such as ions, proteins, and
polysaccharides, while being permeable to non-polar or hydrophobic
molecules like lipids as well as to small molecules like oxygen,
carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and nitric oxide.
Types of Osmosis
Osmosis is of two types:

 Endosmosis – When a substance is placed in a hypotonic

solution, the solvent molecules move inside the cell and the
cell becomes turgid or undergoes deplasmolysis. This is known
as endosmosis.
 Exosmosis – When a substance is placed in a hypertonic
solution, the solvent molecules move outside the cell and the
cell becomes flaccid or undergoes plasmolysis.

Examples of Osmosis.
 The absorption of water from the soil is due to osmosis. The
plant roots have a higher concentration than the soil.
Therefore, the water flows into the roots.
 The guard cells of the plants are also affected by osmosis. When
the plant cells are filled with water, the guard cells swell up, and
the stomata open.
  If a freshwater or saltwater fish is placed in the water with
different salt concentrations, the fish dies due to the entry or exit
of water in the cells of the fish.
Reverse Osmosis
A Methodology by which solvent passes through a porous membrane in the
direction opposite to that of natural osmosis when subjected to a hydrostatic
pressure greater than osmotic pressure.
When pressure is laid on the concentrated solution, the water molecules are
pushed through the semi-permeable membrane and the contaminants are not
permitted through.

Reverse Osmosis Principle

To break down the process further, due to the presence of a

membrane, large molecules of the solute are not able to cross through
it and they remain on the pressurised side. The pure solvent, on the
other hand, is allowed to pass through the membrane. When this
happens the molecules of the solute start becoming concentrated on
one side while the other side of the membrane becomes dilute.
Furthermore, the levels of solutions also change to some degree.

In essence, reverse osmosis takes place when the solvent passes

through the membrane against the concentration gradient. It basically
moves from a higher concentration to a lower concentration
Difference between Osmosis and Reverse Osmosis
Osmosis
This is the process by which the
molecules of a solvent pass
through the semi-permeable
membrane from a region of
lower concentration to a higher
concentration.
It is a natural process.
Occurs along the potential
gradient.
This is observed during the
opening of stomata and
absorption of water from the
soil by the roots.
Reverse Osmosis
This is the process by which the
molecules of a solvent pass
through the semi-permeable from
a region of higher concentration
to lower concentration when
pressure greater than the osmotic
pressure is applied.
It is an artificial process.
Occurs against the potential
gradient.
This is used In water
purification systems.
 Reverse Osmosis operates by utilizing a high-pressure pump to
increase the pressure on the salt side of the RO and push the
water across the semi-permeable RO membrane, going almost
all (around 95% to 99%) of dissolved salts back into the
discard stream.

 The desalinated water that is demineralized or deionized,

is called permeate (or product) water.

 The water stream that carries the concentrated contaminants that

did not pass via the RO membrane is called the discard (or
concentrate) stream.

 It is crucial to understand that an RO system utilizes cross

filtration instead of standard filtration where the contaminants
are gathered within the filter media.

 With cross filtration, the solution departs through the filter, or

crosses the filter, with two outlets: The filtered water goes one
way and the polluted water goes another way.
What contaminants will Reverse Osmosis remove from water?

 Reverse Osmosis is adept at extracting up to 99%+ of the

dissolved salts (ions), particles, colloids, organics, bacteria,
and pyrogens from the feed water
 An RO membrane rejects contaminants based on their size
and charge.
 Any contaminant that has a molecular weight greater than 200
is probably retracted by a properly running RO system
 Also, the greater the ionic charge of the pollutant, the more
likely it will be incapable to pass via the RO membrane, this is
why an RO system does not release gases such as CO2 very
well because they are not highly ionized and have a very lower
molecular weight.
 Reverse Osmosis is very efficacious in treating brackish,
surface, and groundwater for both big and small flow
applications.

SEMI PERMEABLE MEMBRANE

It is a membrane that may or may not permit particles to pass through it.
permeable is defined as a membrane that can be crossed by particles, ions, or
water. semi-permeable means that some particles, ions, or water can cross the
membrane. This is important for the survival of cells. Solvent molecules
(typically water) flow from one side of a cell membrane to the other by osmosis.
This occurs when the concentration of a solute is higher on one side than the
other.

penetrate flow:1000 lit/hr

membrane type: spiral wound T

size: dia 4*40 long (inches)

no.of members:5

no.of member housing:

RO Structure
RO Requirements:-

 Ground water or raw water analysis

 Sand Filters
 Raw Water pump
 Dual Media Filters
 Cartridge filters
 High pressure pump
 Pressure tubes

Design procedure of RO Plant: -

1. Ground water or Raw water analysis: -

In this process the ground wate is analysed to find the Total
Dissolved Solid(TDS). Membrane is selected based upon the
TDS value obtained in the raw water.

TDS value can be majorly calculated by using these two

methods: -
 Using an electrical conductivity meter
 Using filter paper and a scale
Outputs of the Micro-Project
In this project, we successfully get information about the RO Plant.

Skill Developed/ Learning outcomes of this Micro-Project

1. Increase knowledge about RO Plant.

2. Experience teamwork
3. Increase Communication skill
4. Know about the RO Plant

Conclusion

Industrial RO plants filter and disinfects contaminated and

chemically assessed water, permitting it to be utilized in any process.
It withdraws a wide range of contaminants from the water, including
minerals, lead, icons, organic matter, and other contaminants that
might be dangerous if used untreated.
 Micro Project Evaluation Sheet
Name of Student: Manit Ghag Enrollment no: 2001440099
Name of Program: Computer Engineering Semester: 5
Course Title: Environmental Studies Code: 22447
Title of Micro-Project: - visit a nearby RO plant and prepare a technical report

Sr Characteristics to be Poor Average Good Excellent Subtotal

No. Assessed. (Marks (Marks (Marks (Marks 9-10)
1-3) 4-5) 6-5)
(A) Process and Product Assessment (Convert above total marks out of 6 marks)
1. Relevance to the
course
2. Literature
Review/
information
collection
3. Completion of the
target as per project
Proposal
4. Analysis of data and
representation
6. Quality of Prototype/
Model
(B) Individual Presentation / Viva (Convert above total marks out of 4 marks)

7. Presentation

8. Viva

(A) (B) Total Marks 10

Process and Product Individual Presentation/Viva
Assessment (4 marks)
(6 marks)

Comments/Suggestion about team work leadership/inter-personal communication

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………
Name and Designation of the teacher Dated Signature

………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………
 Micro Project Evaluation Sheet
Name of Student: Deepak Shete Enrollment no: 2001440100
Name of Program: Computer Engineering Semester: 5
Course Title: Environmental Studies Code: 22447
Title of Micro-Project: - visit a nearby RO plant and prepare a technical report

Sr Characteristics to be Poor Average Good Excellent Subtotal

No. Assessed. (Marks (Marks (Marks (Marks 9-10)
1-3) 4-5) 6-5)
(A) Process and Product Assessment (Convert above total marks out of 6 marks)
1. Relevance to the
course
2. Literature
Review/
information
collection
3. Completion of the
target as per project
Proposal
4. Analysis of data and
representation
6. Quality of Prototype/
Model
(B) Individual Presentation / Viva (Convert above total marks out of 4 marks)

7. Presentation

8. Viva

(A) (B) Total Marks 10

Process and Product Individual Presentation/Viva
Assessment (4 marks)
(6 marks)

Comments/Suggestion about team work leadership/inter-personal communication

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………
Name and Designation of the teacher Dated Signature

………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………
 Micro Project Evaluation Sheet
Name of Student: Ketan Sutar Enrollment no: 2001440101
Name of Program: Computer Engineering Semester: 5
Course Title: Environmental Studies Code: 22447
Title of Micro-Project: - visit a nearby RO plant and prepare a technical report

Sr Characteristics to be Poor Average Good Excellent Subtotal

No. Assessed. (Marks (Marks (Marks (Marks 9-10)
1-3) 4-5) 6-5)
(A) Process and Product Assessment (Convert above total marks out of 6 marks)
1. Relevance to the
course
2. Literature
Review/
information
collection
3. Completion of the
target as per project
Proposal
4. Analysis of data and
representation
6. Quality of Prototype/
Model
(B) Individual Presentation / Viva (Convert above total marks out of 4 marks)

7. Presentation

8. Viva

(A) (B) Total Marks 10

Process and Product Individual Presentation/Viva
Assessment (4 marks)
(6 marks)

Comments/Suggestion about team work leadership/inter-personal communication

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………
Name and Designation of the teacher Dated Signature

………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………