1.

5 fluid saturation

Zhang Yi

Petroleum engineering college

Xi’an shiyou university
油藏物理学——储层流体的饱和度

outline
1. Put forward problem
2. Fluid saturation
3. Several important saturation
initial oil/gas saturation Soi /Sgi
irreducible water saturation Swi
Residual oil/gas saturation Sor/ Sgr
4. Research method on saturation
1. Put forward problem
The porosity of a reservoir rock is very
important because it is a measure of the
ability of that rock to store fluids (oil, gas,
and water). Equally important the relative
extent to which the pores of the rock
are filled with specific fluids. This property
is called fluid saturation
油藏物理学——储层流体的饱和度

2.Definition：fluid saturation is expressed

as the fraction, or percent, of the total
pore volume occupied by the oil, gas, or
water.
Vi
S i = （i express oil, gas and water）
Vp

So + Sw + S g = 1
Thus, for instance, the oil saturation
So is equal to:
Vo
So =
Vp
Vo is Volume of oil in the rock,
Vp is total pore volume of the rock.
Similar expressions can be written for
gas and water.
If there are oil, gas and water in pore of
reservoir, it is evident that:

So + Sw + S g = 1
and
Vo + Vw + Vg = VP
Calculate saturation
1.The mass of the rock with oil and water is
8.117g, we got water 0.3cm3 by extraction,
and dry mass of the rock was 7.220g，
rock mass suturated kerosene is 5.756g in
the kerosene, and rock mass suturated
kerosene is 8.054g in the air. Kerosene’s
density is 0.8g/cm3. water density is
1g/cm3 .find water saturation and oil
saturation.
Calculate saturation
2. The rock mass with oil and water was
6.554g, we can get water 0.25cm3 by
extraction, the dry mass of the rock was
6.037g, the rock porosity was 25%, rock
density is 2.65g/cm3,water density is
1g/cm3, oil density is 0.875g/cm3. find oil,
gas and water saturation.
3. Several important saturation
initial oil saturation Soi

Initial oil saturation is expressed as the

fraction, or percent of the total pore volume
occupied by the original oil before
development reservoir .
油藏物理学——储层流体的饱和度

Before development reservoir, if there

were oil and water,

S oi = 1 − S wi
油藏物理学——储层流体的饱和度

irreducible/connate water/in-situ water

saturation

Connate water is the seawater trapped in

porous spaces of the sediments during
their deposition and lithification, long
before the oil migrated into the reservoir
rock.
residual oil saturation

crude oil that is not produced is residual oil

saturation after development. So residual oil
saturation is expressed as the fraction, or
percent of the total pore volume occupied by
the residual oil .
油藏物理学——储层流体的饱和度

4. research method on saturation

logging

test well

geophysical exploration

experiment
油藏物理学——储层流体的饱和度

experiment ：
solvent extraction
dry/destructive distillation
material balance
specific resistance/resistivity
microwave
Γ-ray
sonic wave
X-ray
CT--- computerized tomography