TEACHING PLAN DEVICED FOR TEENAGE MOTHER AND NEWBORN

DESCRIPTION OF THE LEARNER:

The learners are 5-7 months pregnant teenage mothers, who have no previous experience

in baby/ child and cord care, and teenage mothers who had no support system .

LEARNING NEED: To define teenage maternal and newborn care, safe sex, family planning, postpartum depression, and

additional guidelines on breastfeeding and self-care activities.

LEARNING DIAGNOSIS: Knowledge deficit. Maternal and newborn care related to teen mother's lack of experience in

maternal and child health care and/or lack of support system.

GOAL: To increase the teen mother's knowledge on maternal and newborn care and to apply this knowledge in taking care

of the newborn. To educate teen moms on the need of safe sex and family planning. To inform teen moms on the

possibility of postpartum depression after giving birth.

 BEHAVIORAL LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
After 20 to 30 minutes of health
teaching, the client will be able
to:
1. Define and state
importance of Perineal,
Breast, and self-care
activities.
2. Define Emotional
Adjustment
3. Define and
discuss Post-
partum
depression
4. Enumerate Danger
signs during pregnancy
to report
LEARNING CONTENT
Definition and importance
Perineal, breast and self-
care activities.
Definition of emotional
adjustment
Definition of Post-partum
depression
Danger signs to report by the
mother
TEACHING TIME ALLOTMENT METHOD OF EVALUATION
STRATEGY,
METHODS AND
ACTIVITIES
One-on-one  1 minute  Instant oral feedback:
discussion; use of The patient was able to share her realization,
visual aids/ handouts understanding, and their appreciation
regarding the importance of perennial, breast
and self-care activities.
Lecture discussion,  3 minutes  Instant oral feedback
handout The patient was able to share her realization,
understanding, and their appreciation
regarding the cord care and was able to
define emotional adjustment.
Lecture discussion,  2 minutes
handout  Instant oral feedback
The patient was able to share her realization,
understanding, and was able to define post-
partum depression.
One-on-one
 1 minute  Instants oral feedback
discussion; use of The patient was able to enumerate danger
visual aids/ handouts signs to report.
4. Demonstrate skin care Techniques in skin and cord Discussion, visual aids,  2 minutes  Demo/ Return Demo
and cord care care demo-return demo The patient was able to demonstrate the
proper techniques in skin and cord care.

Handout
5. Define breastfeeding: Define breastfeeding and  1 minute  Instant oral feedback
Breast-feeding: Lactation lactation process The patient was able to define what
Process breastfeeding is.
6. Give the importance of Importance of breastfeeding Handout  Instant oral feedback
breastfeeding  1 minute The patient was able to define what
lactation process is.

Discussion, visual aids,

7. Demonstrate positioning Techniques in latching on demo-return demo,  5 minutes  Demo/ Return-Demo
and latching on and positioning. Signs of a baby mannequin The mother was able to demonstrate the
good latch. proper position and techniques on how to
latch on the child during breastfeeding
Discussion, visual aids,
8. Demonstrate the use of demo-return demo  2 minutes  Demo/ Return-Demo
pumping Techniques of
The mother was able to understand the
Hand/Manual Expression
importance of pumping and the steps of
Pumping. Prerequisites
properly demonstrating it.
of pumping. Discussion, visual aids,
demo-return demo,  3 minutes  Demo/ Return-Demo
9. Demonstrate proper baby mannequin The mother was able to comprehend the
ways in burping the basics in burping the child and can illustrate or
child. demonstrate the proper positions.
Techniques for burping the
breastfeed baby Discussion, visual aids,
demo-return demo  1 minute  Instant oral feedback
10. Know how to store The patient was able to share her
breast milk Things to consider in storing understanding regarding storing
breast milk. Handout breast milk.
 1 minute  Instant oral feedback
The patient was able to define and
11. Define and
enumerate the signs of engorgement.
Enumerate Signs of Definition and Signs of
engorgement engorgement Discussion, visual aids
 Instant oral feedback:
 The patient was able to share her realization,
12. Discuss the finality of Pros and cons of whatever the understanding, and the importance of her
her decision to keep mother’s decision might be. Lecture and One-on-  2 minutes decision.
the baby or she has one discussion; use
other options of visual aids/ handouts
(abortion, adaption or
keeping the baby).  Instant oral feedback:
Importance of support system The patient was able to share her realization,
13. Discuss the  2 minutes understanding, and the importance of having
importance of having Lecture and One-on-one a support system.
a support system discussion
*Definition of safe sex  Instant oral feedback
The patient was able to share her realization,
*How safe sex work understanding, and their appreciation
14. Define and discuss
Lecture and One-on-  1 minute regarding safe sex.
safe sex. *Benefits of safe sex one discussion; use
of visual aids/ handouts
 1 minute  Instant oral feedback
15. Discuss the Importance of family planning Lecture discussion, The patient was able to share her realization,
importance of family handout understanding, and their appreciation
planning regarding family planning.
Newborn:

1. Enumerate facts about Bowel patterns of newborn Discussion, handout  2 minutes  Instant oral feedback:
Bowel Patterns The patient was able to share her realization,
understanding, and their appreciation
regarding the Bowel patterns of newborn

2. Understand Infant Infant behavior Discussion, visual aids  5 minutes  Instant oral feedback:
Behavior The patient was able to share her realization,
understanding, and their appreciation
regarding the infant behavior

3. States understanding Sleeping patterns of Discussion, visual aids  2 minutes  Instant oral feedback:
Sleeping Patterns newborn The patient was able to share her realization,
understanding, and their appreciation
regarding the sleeping patterns of newborn

4. Enumerate ways on Coping mechanisms in terms Discussion, visual aids  2 minutes  Instant oral feedback:
how to Cope with of crying and emotional The patient was able to share her realization,
a. Crying needs understanding, and their appreciation
b. Emotional needs regarding the coping mechanisms in terms of
crying and emotional needs

5. Enumerate Danger Dangers signs to report in Discussion, visual aids  2 minutes  Instant oral feedback:
Signs to Report newborn care The patient was able to share her realization,
understanding, and their appreciation
regarding the dangers signs to report in
 2 minutes newborn care
6. Discuss how the Effects of environment to Lecture and one-on-one  Instant oral feedback:
environment affect the the baby discussion The patient was able to share her realization
baby and understanding and share her plans
regarding the environment.
7. Enumerate importance Importance of newborn Discussion, visual aids  3 minutes  Instant oral feedback:
of newborn screening. screening The patient was able to share her realization,
8. Discuss and define the *Definition of  2 minutes understanding, and their appreciation
importance of immunization regarding importance of newborn screening.
immunization *Importance of
immunization
LEARNING CONTENT:
1. Definition and importance Perineal, breast and self-care activities.

PERINEAL:

The portion of the body in the pelvis occupied by urogenital passages and the rectum, bounded in front by the pubic arch, in the back by the coccyx, and laterally by
part of the hipbone. The region between the scrotum and the anus in males, and between the posterior vulva junction and the anus in females.
What is Perineal Care?
Perineal care is needed mostly for those who are bedridden and dealing with incontinence, or who have an indwelling catheter. It is important to wash this area
properly as doing so allows you to deter the breakdown of sensitive skin.

WHY?
- Proper perineal care allows for inspection of the skin. It keeps the perineal area clean and less likely to break down. It also decreases the risk for urinary
tract infections.

How do you do perineal care?

How to perform perineal care:
-Gather supplies.
-Provide privacy for the patient.
-Wash hands and put on gloves.
-With the patient on their back, instruct them to open their legs.
-Cleanse the perineum, using front to back motions.
-Never wash back to front; this causes contamination and can cause infections.

BREAST CARE:
Breast milk contains antibodies that help your baby fight off viruses and bacteria. Breastfeeding lowers your baby's risk of having asthma or allergies.
Plus, babies who are breastfed exclusively for the first 6 months, without any formula, have fewer ear infections, respiratory illnesses, and bouts of
diarrhea.
Breasts have always been one of the most attractive features of a woman’s body. These special assets are appreciated not just by the men but also by
women. Beautiful breasts are something every woman would love to have. A top with deep neck or a dress looks better when you have beautiful breasts.
Your breasts undergo several changes from youth to adulthood that affects its appearance. So, if you want to flaunt that perfect cleavage and keep your
breasts looking, here are some of the tips and tricks.

Why is breast care important?

It is important to take care of your breasts so that you can prevent diseases as well as the signs of ageing. Breast care is essential for every woman
regardless of how young or old she is. Exercising will not increase the size of your breasts. However exercise can shape your breasts and improve
circulation.

How to get beautiful breast:

1. Wear a bra that fits properly
Getting the size of your bra right is essential for the health of your breasts. Wearing a wrong one will make them look awkward. Your bra should support
your breasts to avoid staffing of breasts. It is recommended to take off your bra while sleeping as it will allow your breasts to breathe and stay healthy. If
you are at home, wear a soft bra or sports bra to avoid droopy breasts.

2. Moisturize
Your breasts need attention too. Pamper it. After taking a shower, apply moisture on your breasts and massage it. This will keep them soft and glowing.
You can use jojoba oil or avocado oil for the massage. These oils are rich in vitamins and it hydrates the skin deeply.A splash of cold water

3. Watch your diet

Your diet is one of the most important factors in maintaining the health of your breasts. It will help you to maintain a healthy body weight. Frequent
fluctuations in your body weight will leave your breasts looking saggy.
4. Exercise for the sake of your breasts
There are several exercises for the breasts. So go online and follow some easy to do exercises routine to keep your breasts healthy and toned. Some of
the exercises you could do for your breasts include pull ups and pushups among others. These exercises will make your breasts look gorgeous and delay
sagging.

What Are the Symptoms of Breast Cancer?

-New lump in the breast or underarm (armpit).
-Thickening or swelling of part of the breast.
-Irritation or dimpling of breast skin.
-Redness or flaky skin in the nipple area or the breast.
-Pulling in of the nipple or pain in the nipple area.

SELF-CARE:

There are 8 main areas of self-care: physical, psychological, emotional, social, professional, environmental, spiritual, and financial. Movement of the
body, health, nutrition, sleep and resting needs.

What is a self-care task?

Self-care skills are the everyday tasks undertaken to be ready to participate in life activities (including dressing, eating, cleaning teeth and more). They
are often referred to as the activities of daily living (ADL's).
13 Steps to Achieving Total Self-Love:

1. Stop comparing yourself to others

We’re socialized to be competitive, so comparing ourselves to others is natural. But it can be dangerous. There’s just no point in comparing yourself to
anyone else on the planet because there’s only one you. Rather, focus on yourself and your journey. The shift of energy, alone, will help you feel free.

2. Don’t worry about others’ opinions

In that same vein, don’t worry about what society thinks or expects of you. You can’t make everyone happy, so this is a waste of time and will only slow
you down on your journey to being the best you.

3. Allow yourself to make mistakes

We’re told again and again from a young age “nobody’s perfect, everyone makes mistakes.” But the older you get, the more pressure you feel never to fail.
Cut yourself some slack! Make mistakes so you can learn and grow from them. Embrace your past. You’re constantly changing and growing from who you
once were into who you are today and who you will be one day.

So, forget about that voice in your head that says you need to be perfect. Make mistakes — lots of them! The lessons you’ll gain are priceless.

4. Remember your value doesn’t lie in how your body looks

This is fundamental! So many things in the world want to distract you from this powerful truth. Sometimes even your own internalized sexism affirms your
thoughts of inadequacy. You are valuable because you are you, not because of your body.

So, wear what makes you feel good. If it’s a lot or if it’s a little, wear what makes you feel confident, comfortable, and happy.

5. Don’t be afraid to let go of toxic people

Not everybody takes responsibility for the energy they put out into the world. If there’s someone who is bringing toxicity into your life and they won’t take
responsibility for it that might mean you need to step away from them. Don’t be afraid to do this. It’s liberating and important, even though it may be
painful.

Remember: Protect your energy. It’s not rude or wrong to remove yourself from situations or the company of people who are draining you.

2. Definition of emotional adjustment

Emotional Adjustment:
Postpartum Emotional Adjustment is complicated. To begin with, there is an undeniable shift taking place in each birth mother’s body from inception. This
shift includes the adjustments for a healthy physical pregnancy, but also the mental resiliency to accommodate caring for another. So we might say that
stress is absolutely natural, worry is common, preparing the nursery is a kind of nesting, and losing sleep one’s preparation for a newborn. Because this
stage of woman and baby is complex, experts are not always clear about how to support the “development of mother”. And it turns out life is complex. So
added to adjustments for baby there may be extraordinary life circumstances to navigate. For most, stress and excitement are both true. But for others it
is not so simple. A woman may be over or under diagnosed during this time of emotional adjustment. You are not alone…

What we understand about the pre-natal and postpartum time:

to be or the happy breast-feeding mama is a myth. The perfect parent and the perfect baby is a myth too. This
is true for all families.

-filled moments. A mother or father might deeply feel the weight of tending a
new baby. It can be isolating to have a new baby, and filled with layers of uncertainty. But, healthy postpartum adjustment includes resiliency and
moments of delight. Many mothers in this category will feel better with reassurance and community support. Mothers and Fathers are not meant to tend
newborns alone.

-3 weeks, and no longer. Mothers may feel vulnerable and have surprising mood swings. This mother might be teary or anxious
about being the caregiver of this little one. The reason for some of these feelings might not be easily explained with clear reason. “It” is just a feeling. This
is normal and an expected part of a healthy postpartum adjustment. Baby Blues is most common between the 3rd and 5th day while milk is coming in. The
baby blues affect about 85% of new mamas and go away on their own.
 changes and healing.
Almost all new birth mothers to-be will notice changes in appetite, some difficulty sleeping, and a decrease in sex drive. Although these changes might be
symptoms of depression, women who experience these are often simply sharing a common experience through the transition into motherhood.

How does becoming a parent affect you emotionally?

Although parents' structuring of infant sleep is complexly determined, little attention has been given to parents' marital and personal adjustment in
shaping sleep arrangement choices. Linkages were examined between infant sleep arrangements at 1 and 6 months and mothers' marital adjustment, co-
parenting quality, and depressive symptoms.
Bed sharing mothers had lower co-parenting quality, and, at 6 months, more depressive symptoms than mothers of infants in solitary sleep. One-month
co-parenting quality was associated with predictable shifts in sleep arrangements from 1 to 6 months, but 1-month sleep arrangements did not predict
changes in personal or co-parenting quality. Findings emphasize the need for greater attention to marital and emotional health in influencing family-level
decisions about infant sleep arrangements.

3. Definition of Post-partum depression

Post-partum Depression
But some new moms experience a more severe, long-lasting form of depression known as postpartum depression. Rarely, an extreme mood disorder
called postpartum psychosis also may develop after childbirth.
Postpartum depression isn't a character flaw or a weakness. Sometimes it's simply a complication of giving birth. If you have postpartum depression,
prompt treatment can help you manage your symptoms and help you bond with your baby.
The birth of a baby can trigger a jumble of powerful emotions, from excitement and joy to fear and anxiety. But it can also result in something you might
not expect — depression.
Most new moms experience postpartum "baby blues" after childbirth, which commonly include mood swings, crying spells, anxiety and difficulty
sleeping. Baby blues typically begin within the first two to three days after delivery, and may last for up to two weeks.
Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of depression after childbirth vary, and they can range from mild to severe.

Baby blues symptoms

Signs and symptoms of baby blues — which last only a few days to a week or two after your baby is born — may include:
• Mood swings
• Anxiety
• Sadness
• Irritability
• Feeling overwhelmed
• Crying
• Reduced concentration
• Appetite problems
• Trouble sleeping

Postpartum depression symptoms

Postpartum depression may be mistaken for baby blues at first — but the signs and symptoms are more intense and last longer, and may eventually
interfere with your ability to care for your baby and handle other daily tasks. Symptoms usually develop within the first few weeks after giving birth, but
may begin earlier ― during pregnancy ― or later — up to a year after birth.

Postpartum depression signs and symptoms may include:

✔️Depressed mood or severe mood swings
✔️Excessive crying
✔️Difficulty bonding with your baby
✔️Withdrawing from family and friends
✔️Loss of appetite or eating much more than usual
✔️Inability to sleep (insomnia) or sleeping too much
✔️Overwhelming fatigue or loss of energy
✔️Reduced interest and pleasure in activities you used to enjoy
✔️Intense irritability and anger
✔️Fear that you're not a good mother
✔️Hopelessness
✔️Feelings of worthlessness, shame, guilt or inadequacy
✔️Diminished ability to think clearly, concentrate or make decisions
✔️Restlessness
✔️Severe anxiety and panic attacks
✔️Thoughts of harming yourself or your baby
✔️Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
✔️Untreated, postpartum depression may last for many months or longer.
 DANGER SIGNS DURING PREGNANCY
If any of the following signs occur, the woman should be taken immediately to the hospital or health center.
 vaginal bleeding
 convulsions/fits
 severe headaches with blurred vision
 fever and too weak to get out of bed
 severe abdominal pain
 Fast or difficult breathing.

If she has any of these signs she should go to the health center as soon as possible:
 Fever
 Abdominal pain
 Feels ill
 Swelling of fingers, face and legs

All pregnant women, their partners and families should be aware of the signs of complications and emergencies and
know when to seek care from the skilled attendant.
UMBILICAL CORD CARE (NEWBORN)
The umbilical cord is the tube that connects the baby to the mother. In the uterus, the umbilical cord carries blood,
oxygen, and nutrition to the baby. At birth, the umbilical cord is clamped and cut. This leaves a small stump. The clamp
prevents blood flowing out of the baby through the cord.
 Keep the cord clean and dry.
 Keep the cord exposed to air. Don’t cover it up inside the diaper where it may come in contact with urine or stool. To
prevent this, fold the front of the diaper down below the cord. If needed, cut a notch in the front of the diaper to make a space
for the cord.
 Don’t dress your baby in clothing that is tight across the cord.
 Don’t put your baby in bathwater until the cord has fallen off and the area where the cord was attached is dry and
healing. Instead, bathe your baby with a sponge or damp washcloth.
 Don’t try to remove the cord. It will fall off on its own.
WHEN TO SEEK MEDICAL ADVICE?
Call your baby’s healthcare provider right away if any of these occur:

 The skin around the base of the cord is red or bleeding.

 There is a bad smell, pus, or other discharge from the cord.
 Your baby has a fever
 Your baby cries when you touch the cord or the area around it.

BREASTFEEDING
Best for baby
Breastfeeding is the normal way
of providing young infants with the Reduces incidence of allergies
nutrients they need for healthy
Economical
growth and development, it is
Antibodies recommended by WHO as the

Stool ineffective perfect food for the newborn, and

feeding should be initiated within the
Temperature is always ideal
first hour after birth. Exclusive
Fresh Breastfeeding is recommended up to six months of age, with

Emotionally Bonding continued breastfeeding along with appropriate complementary

foods up to two years of age or beyond.
Easy once established
Digested easily (2-3 hours)
Immediately available
Nutritionally optional
Gastroenteritis reduced
Lactation is the process by which milk is synthesized
and secreted from the mammary glands of the
postpartum female breast in response to an infant
sucking at the nipple. Breast milk provides ideal nutrition
and passive immunity for the infant, encourages mild
uterine contractions to return the uterus to its pre-
pregnancy size (i.e., involution), and induces a
substantial metabolic increase in the mother, consuming
the fat reserves stored during pregnancy.

IMPORTANCE

Breastfeeding will help reduce your baby's risk of:

 obesity
 Type 1 diabetes
 Sudden Infant Death syndrome (SIDS)
 pneumonia and other respiratory infections
 coughs and colds
 gastrointestinal illnesses
 vomiting, diarrhea, constipation
 urinary tract infections
 ear infections that can damage hearing
 meningitis
 childhood cancers, including leukemia and lymphoma
 Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis
 Celiac disease
 heart disease and liver disease in adulthood
Did you know?
Breast milk is the safest and healthiest food for your baby. It's easily digested and provides all the nutrition your baby needs for the first six months. Babies who
breastfeed have better mental development and emotional security. They also have better jaw and tooth development and stronger immune systems.
Breastfeeding helps women:
 heal after baby's birth and avoid severe postpartum bleeding
 return more quickly to pre-pregnancy weight, burning 500 extra calories per day
 have stronger bones later in life
 build a strong emotional bond with their babies
 Relax; every time a baby feeds, the mother gets a surge of the bonding hormone oxytocin, which has a calming and relaxing effect.
 Save time and money; formula is expensive and time consuming to prepare. But breast milk is always ready and always at the right temperature - ideal when
you're tired.
Later in life women who do not breastfeed are at higher risk for diabetes, osteoporosis, breast, ovarian and endometrial cancers.
Signs of a good latch

Every time you breastfeed your baby check that:

 his chin is touching your breast and he can breathe through his nose

 his mouth is open wide and he has a mouthful of your areola (not just your nipple)

 his latch doesn’t hurt

 he starts with short sucks before sucking more slowly and deeply

Techniques of Hand/ Manual Expression Pumping

 Read the instructions for using and cleaning the pump. Wash your hands before using the pump.
 Center the nipple in the flanges—the cone-like parts that go on the breast. Lean forward slightly and turn the pump on.
 Keep the pump at slow speed and low suction. Many women find this advice confusing because they assume that high speed and high
suction will get the most milk out the fastest way, but this couldn't be further from the truth.
  Simulate what the baby does or the milk supply could drop. The baby's suck is slow and low, not fast and high, and it is too jarring to
the mother's body to pump at such an intense setting.
 Pump for 7 minutes. You may see nothing coming out at first and this is normal. A few minutes into the pumping, you will have a "let-
down," where the milk starts to flow.
 Stop the pump for 1 minute and massage the breast, coming down from the armpit to the nipple, all around. This gives the breast a
break and allows it to reset, in a sense.
 Pump for 7 more minutes and then store the milk.

When to Pump to Increase Breast Milk Supply

There are many situations in which you might need to boost your breast milk supply by pumping. These include:

 Low milk supply

 Delayed start to breastfeeding: If your newborn is
 Adoption
 Separation
 Relactation
 Hormones
 Breast issues
 Returning to work or school

How to burp your baby

Try following these steps to help burp your baby successfully:

1. About halfway through feeding, position your baby on your shoulder, face-down on your lap or sitting up (more on that below).
2. Protect your clothes by always keeping a burp cloth or bib between your outfit and baby’s mouth.
3. Give her a gentle pat or rub on the left side of her back, which is where your little one's stomach is located. This may get the burp up for most
babies, but some need a slightly firmer hand.
What are the best positions for burping baby?

 On your shoulder: Hold your baby firmly against your shoulder. Support her bottom with one hand, and pat or rub her back with the other.
 Sitting up: Hold your baby in a seated position on your lap, leaning slightly forward. Support baby’s head and chest with one arm while you pat or
rub with the other.
 Face-down on your lap: Place your baby tummy-down across your lap (her stomach will be on one of your legs, her head on the other, turned
sideways, with her head supported and slightly higher than her chest). With one hand securely holding baby, pat or rub her back with the other.
 Walking: Once your baby has good head control, you can try holding her upright in front of you, facing out, while you stand and walk. Put one hand
under her bottom and the other arm across her tummy to apply light pressure. The motion may help give an additional release of any trapped air
bubbles.

How often should I burp my baby?

How often you burp baby depends on how you’re feeding her:

 When bottle-feeding, burp baby at least once, about halfway through feeding or after every 2 or 3 ounces, or more often if she seems fussy or is
taking a long time.
 When breastfeeding, burp when you switch from one breast to the other to make room for more milk. Keep in mind that a baby who’s swallowed
air may stop eating and refuse to switch breasts simply because she feels uncomfortably full. Is your newborn managing only one breast at a time?
Burp mid-feed on the same breast.
Things to consider in storing breast milk.
How do I store my breast milk?

You can freeze and/or refrigerate your pumped (or expressed) breast milk. Store it in clean bottles with screw caps, hard plastic cups that have tight caps, or nursing
bags (pre-sterilized bags meant for breast milk).

It's helpful to label each container with the date when the milk was pumped (and your baby's name if the milk is going to childcare providers). You can add fresh
cooled milk to milk that is already frozen, but add no more than is already in the container. For example, if you have 2 ounces of frozen milk, then you can add up to 2
more ounces of cooled milk.

How long, exactly, can I store my breast milk?

For healthy full-term infants:

o You can store it at room temperature for 6 to 8 hours (at no warmer than 77°F, or 25°C)

o You can store it in the refrigerator: for up to 5 days at 32°–39°F (0°–3.9°C)

o You can store it in the freezer (be sure to leave about an inch of space at the top of the container or bottle to allow for expansion of the milk when it freezes):
for up to 2 weeks in a freezer compartment located inside the refrigerator for 3 to 6 months in a freezer that's self-contained and connected on top of or on the
side of the refrigerator and is kept at 0°F (–18°C). Store the milk in the back of the freezer, not in the door. For 6 to 12 months in a deep freezer that's always -
4°F (–20°C)

o To thaw frozen milk, you can move it to the refrigerator (it takes 24 hours to thaw), then warm by running warm water over the bag or bottle of milk and use it within the next
24 hours. If you need it immediately, then remove it from the freezer and run warm water over it until it's at room temperature. Do not refreeze it. Once your baby has started
to drink from the bottle, you should use it within 1 hour.

o You may find that different resources provide different variations on the amount of time you can store breast milk at room temperature, in the refrigerator, and in
the freezer. Talk to your doctor if you have any concerns or questions.
How much of my milk should I store in the freezer?

Although some women may choose to pump large volumes to be frozen, it's a good idea to actually store the breast milk in 2- to 4-ounce (59.1 to 118.2 milliliters)
portions so as not to waste any. Label the bottles, cups, or bags with the date, then freeze them.

You also could pour the milk into ice cube trays that have been thoroughly cleaned in hot water, let them freeze until hard, store them in freezer bags, then count up
the amount of cubes needed to make a full bottle.

My frozen breast milk changed color. Is this OK?

Breast milk that's been frozen or refrigerated may look a little different from fresh breast milk, but that doesn't mean it's gone bad. It's normal for early breast milk to
look kind of orange and the mature milk to look slightly blue, yellow, or brown when refrigerated or frozen. And it may separate into a creamy looking layer and a
lighter, more milk-like layer. If this happens, just swirl it gently to mix it up again.

Thawed milk may smell or taste soapy due to the breakdown of fats in the milk. The milk is still safe to drink, and most babies won't have a problem with it. If your
baby doesn't like it, the milk can be heated to scalding (bubbles around the edges) right after it is pumped or expressed and then quickly cooled and frozen. This
switches off the enzyme that breaks down the milk fats.

How do I clean bottles and pump parts?

Before their first use, wash and then sterilize the nipples, bottles, and washable breast pump supplies (for example, the breast shields and any other part that touches
your breasts or your milk) by boiling them for 5 to 10 minutes. Check the manufacturer's recommendations for the length of time to boil the parts.

You also can sterilize the parts with a countertop or microwaveable sterilizer, but boiling works just as well and costs nothing. After that, wash the bottles, nipples, and
pump supplies in hot, soapy water (or run them through the dishwasher) after every use. They can transmit bacteria if not cleaned properly.

Is it safe to microwave my baby's bottles?

The microwave can create dangerous "hot spots" in bottles of formula or breast milk, so you should never microwave them. Instead, you can run the bottle or freezer
bag under warm water for a little bit, swirl the bag or bottle around in a bowl of warm water, or thaw the milk in the refrigerator.
You also can put your baby's bottles in a pan of warm water (away from the heat of the stove) and then test the temperature by squirting a drop or two on the inside of
your wrist before feeding your baby. And bottle warmers are available for use at home or in the car.

Definition and Signs of Engorgement

Engorgement is a naturally occurring or pathological condition of vessels being saturated with fluids. It may happen for instance in the breast or in other erectile
tissues like the penis. Neck vein engorgement is a sign or symptom of Cardiogenic Shock.

Signs of breast engorgement. In extreme cases, the engorgement may extend to under the armpit and cause numbness and tingling in the hands because of pressure
on the nerves. In some cases, there may also be a low-grade fever. If left untreated, engorgement can put pressure on the milk ducts, often causing the duct to get
plugged.
Pros and cons of whatever the mother’s decision might be. (ABORTION)
Pros of Abortion

No woman wants to be in a situation where she has to choose whether or not to terminate a pregnancy. However, while it can be an agonizing decision to make, the
women who choose this option often do so because they feel that the abortion pros outweigh the cons in their personal situation.
It’s important to remember that every woman’s circumstances are different; what one woman sees as an abortion pro, another might consider to be an abortion con.
While this is not a complete list of the reasons women choose abortion, here are some of the benefits of abortion for the women that choose this option:
Most abortions involve low medical risk. One of the good things about abortion is that when it is completed legally, it’s a generally safe procedure with few medical
risks, especially when performed early in the pregnancy. Thousands of abortions are completed successfully every year, and most women experience only mild side
effects.
Abortion is an alternative to pregnancy. Abortion is the only unplanned pregnancy option that allows a woman to discontinue her pregnancy before the baby is born.
Many women choose abortion because they are not ready to experience pregnancy and childbirth.
Abortion is an alternative to parenting. Like adoption, abortion is an option for women who are not ready to raise a baby. An expectant mother may choose abortion (or
adoption) because she does not have the time, money, health, stability or desire to raise a child at this point in her life. In turn, this can lead to additional abortion
benefits; it allows women to continue pursuing their educational or career goals and work toward greater financial stability. In addition, research has suggested that by
reducing the number of unwanted children, abortion may lead to lower crime rates and a reduced risk of maternal depression, child abuse, physical violence during
pregnancy and more.
Abortion gives women control of their bodies. Pro-choice supporters argue that one of the biggest adoption pros is the independence it affords to women; the ability to
choose abortion allows women greater control over the choice of whether and when to have children.
Most women feel positive about their abortion decision. While abortion is a difficult decision to make, and most women will experience some feelings of grief and loss
immediately following the abortion, some studies have shown that the majority of women do not suffer long-term emotional consequences following an abortion.
Abortion is an option for women whose babies are diagnosed with severe health challenges. Some women choose abortion after discovering that their baby has a
profound abnormality or life-threatening disorder that would result in death before or shortly after birth.
Abortion is an option for women facing life-threatening conditions. In some cases, a woman chooses abortion because continuing her pregnancy would put her life at
risk.
While abortion may not be ideal, these pros about abortion may help expectant mothers who are struggling with an abortion decision to see the upside of their choice.
But before making a final decision, it’s important to compare these abortion advantages to the challenges and disadvantages of this unplanned pregnancy option.
Cons of Abortion
While abortion can be the best option for women in certain circumstances, it’s not the right choice for everyone. There are also several abortion cons to take into
consideration. Many women weighing their unplanned pregnancy options ultimately decide against abortion because they have personal emotional, spiritual, financial
or logistical problems with abortion.
If you are facing an unplanned pregnancy, here are some of the potential cons of abortion to be aware of:
Abortion can involve some minor health risks and side effects. While legal abortions are generally quite safe, they do carry some rare but serious risks and side
effects, just like any other medical procedure. These include pain, discomfort, bleeding, infection and, in rare cases, injury to internal organs or reactions to the
medicine given. Abortions completed later in pregnancy have a greater risk of complications, so talk to your doctor to make sure you are informed about what to
expect during and after your abortion.
Abortion can have psychological consequences. The emotional effects of abortion are often debated. While some studies suggest that most women do not have long-
term regrets about their adoption decision, others conclude that women who choose abortion may be more likely to suffer from mental health problems like anxiety,
depression, substance abuse and more.
Abortion can be costly. While abortion is certainly less expensive than raising a child to adulthood, the medical procedure isn’t always cheap. In fact, median abortion
costs performed early in the pregnancy are around $500, with later-term abortions costing much more, sometimes up to several thousand dollars. Many insurance
policies do not cover the cost of elective abortion, which means many women are forced to pay these costs out of pocket.
In some states, abortion requires parental consent. Several states have parental notification laws requiring minors to obtain permission from one or both parents
before having an abortion. This is a major con of abortion for young women who do not want their parents to know about their unplanned pregnancy.
Abortion may be difficult to access. Women in more rural or remote areas may have trouble finding a safe abortion provider near them; some pregnant mothers have
to travel several hours to access abortion services and, depending on state laws, they may have to make more than one trip for the necessary counseling and medical
services.
Women who choose abortion may face harsh judgment from others. Pro-life organizations often picket abortion clinics or otherwise harass abortion providers and
women seeking abortion services. Some women also face harsh criticism from friends, family members and others who know about and disagree with their abortion
decision.
Abortion goes against some women’s religious beliefs. Some women facing an unplanned pregnancy may want an abortion but feel torn because of religious or moral
beliefs that abortion is wrong. They may feel that they are going against God or denying their baby the right to life by choosing an abortion.
When a woman chooses abortion, she does not get to meet her child. Women who choose abortion will not fully experience pregnancy or childbirth, and they will not
have an opportunity to meet their baby and watch him or her grow up as they would with parenting or open adoption. Some women later wonder what their child would
have been like if he or she had been born.
An abortion decision must be made early in the pregnancy. Most abortions are performed during the first trimester of pregnancy. After that, it becomes much more
difficult to find abortion services, and medical risks are heightened. This means that women who want to have an abortion must learn of their unplanned pregnancy
early on, quickly make an abortion decision, and make the necessary arrangements to access and pay for the abortion within the first few months of their pregnancy.
As a result, abortion is not an option for everyone, and these time constraints could also lead some women to rush into an abortion decision that they may later regret.
It’s important to keep in mind that these potential abortion problems should not necessarily be considered reasons not to have an abortion; they are just the realistic
cons about abortion that every woman should be aware of when she’s deciding how to move forward with an unplanned pregnancy.
Ultimately, the only pros and cons of abortion that matter are the ones that are relevant to you; the only reason to have an abortion (or not have an abortion) is
because it’s what you decide is right.
IMPORTANCE OF HAVING SUPPORT SYSTEM:
1. Pregnant mothers with strong family support less likely to have postpartum depression.

2. Fathers who accept their partners' changing figures and bond with the pregnancy are more likely to bond with their new babies and you are more likely to have
fewer body and self-esteem issues during pregnancy.
3. A childbirth companion (or social support during birth) has been found to improve the whole birth experience.
4. When both partners support each other, they strengthen their bond and their sense of teamwork. A partner's support is especially important for the mom and baby
during this busy time.
A woman who feels supported by her partner during and after pregnancy may feel happier and less stressed.
5. Communicating openly and honestly with your partner will help create the positive relationship you will need as parents.
6. During pregnancy, emotional and tangible support provided by the spouse and others is related to the expectant mother's mental well-being.
7. Informational support in the form of prenatal classes is related to decrease maternal physical complications during labor and delivery, and to improved physical and
mental health postpartum.

WHAT IS SAFE SEX?

 ‘Safe sex’ is sexual contact that doesn’t involve the exchange of semen, vaginal fluids or blood between partners.
 If used correctly, condoms can dramatically reduce the risk of most sexually transmissible infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancy.
 Having regular STI screening and reducing the number of sexual partners also reduces the transmission risk of STIs.

HOW SAFE SEX WORK?

Condoms and internal condoms put a barrier between the penis and the other person’s anus, vagina, or mouth. This barrier protects both partners by keeping
fluids that can carry infections (like semen and vaginal fluids) out of the other person’s genitals.
By covering the penis or inside of the vagina or anus, condoms and internal condoms also prevent skin-to-skin touching that can spread certain STDs (like
herpes and genital warts). But condoms may not work as well to prevent skin-to-skin STDs, because they don’t cover every body part that can be infected (like
the scrotum or labia).
Put on a condom before your penis even touches your partner’s mouth or genitals, or they won’t work as well to prevent STDs.
Yes indeed! Dental dams — aka “dams” for short — are thin, square pieces of latex that help prevent STDs during oral sex on a vulva or anus. Dams protect
you by keeping vaginal fluids out of your mouth, and preventing skin-to-skin contact between your mouth and a vulva or anus. They also protect you during oral-to-
anal sex from germs that can cause digestive infections.

BENEFITS OF SAFE SEX:

1. Protection against HIV, sexually transmitted diseases, and pregnancy
2. Reduction in the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease and cervical cancer among women.
3. Safer sex has no side effects, and the tight fit of a condom for some men helps maintain an erection.
4. Condoms don’t cost much and are convenient.
5. Condoms help other methods of birth control work even better.
IMPORTANCE OF FAMILY PLANNING
Family planning serves three critical needs:
1. It helps couples avoid unintended pregnancies.
2. It reduces the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
3. By addressing the problem of STDs, it helps reduce rates of infertility.

NEWBORN
Bowel patterns of newborn
Most newborn babies will have a bowel movement in the first 24 hours of life. The first bowel movement, called meconium, is green-black and sticky. Meconium stool
can last between 1-3 days.
Once babies begin to consume breast milk or formula the stool changes. Breast fed babies will have stool which is mustard color and seedy. Formula fed babies will
have a softer and pasty stool. Stool frequency can vary initially from once daily to after every feeding. At least one bowel movement per day in the first two weeks is
considered typical.
Around the second to third week stool frequency will slow for most babies. Formula fed infants will stool about once per day. Breastfed babies can stool
as infrequently as once every 5-7 days. Stool consistency will continue to be soft.
As your baby learns to pass stool she may strain, grunt, cry or turn red in the face. As long as the stool is soft, this is not due to constipation and no intervention is
necessary. If instead the resulting stool is hard like a pellet, this could suggest constipation and you should contact your pediatrician. Never use laxatives, enemas,
stool softeners, suppositories, Karo syrup, or even water without first contacting your pediatrician.
Infant Behavior

Newborn behavior is all about sleeping, feeding and crying. Responding to newborns when they cry helps them feel safe and is good for development. Colic is when
babies cry a lot and are hard to comfort. If you’re worried about newborn crying or feel you can’t cope, seek professional help. Your newborn baby is working out what
the world is like. The way you respond to your baby’s behavior, especially crying, tells your baby a lot about the world.
For example, your baby might find out that when they cry, someone comes to give them what they need. This might be a nappy change, a feed or a cuddle. If that
happens, baby will learn that the world is a pretty OK place.
When you respond quickly to comfort your crying newborn, your baby might cry less often overall. It’s absolutely fine to pick up your newborn baby when they cry. It
helps your baby feel safe and know that you’re nearby.

Sleeping Pattern of newborn

A newborn’s sleep pattern is unpredictable. For a sleep-deprived parent, the wait for your newborn to fall asleep can feel like an eternity. The sleeping pattern of
babies is spread out during the day and does not involve one continuous stretch.
The sleep patterns of a newborn usually consist of sleeping through most of the day and waking only for meals. This may present a dilemma for new parents. Babies
don’t have a set schedule, sleeping anywhere from 16 to 17 hours per day, and seem to get hungry every few hours. This can make it difficult for new parents to get
rest.
 Enumerate ways to cope with:
a. Crying
*Take a break ask for help. From your partner, your family or a close friend. A support system is vital in those early days and people will love to come over to help.
They are often itching for you to reach out and invite them for baby cuddles.
*A new normal as time goes on, your baby’s cries will become part of the soundtrack to your day. That’s not to say you should ever ignore the cues they give you. But
you’ll gain a new perspective on what’s out of the blue and what’s part of their everyday conversation. Take comfort in the fact that like every stage, this crying phase
won’t last forever.

b. Emotional needs
*Be Sensitive to Your Baby’s Emotions Try to notice and tune into your baby’s emotions. Observe your baby and watch for facial expressions, actions, and other signs
that are clues to how your baby feels.
*Keep your emotional strength up Lack of sleep, hunger and feeling alone can all make it harder to cope with your baby’s needs. Try to build your resilience up by
napping when your baby naps, ensuring you eat often and leaning on your support system. That means you are better able to face those cries and respond to your
baby’s needs.

*Be a soothing Influence When your infant is distressed; try to feel what they’re feeling. Help them to manage their emotions by offering physical comfort, soothing
gestures and a calming tone of voice. By doing this, they will learn that negative, unpleasant emotions are manageable.

Enumerate danger signs to report;

*Persistent Crying or Irritability
*Fever
*Listlessness or Lethargy
*Poor Appetite
*Umbilical Cord Infection
*Diarrhea and Vomiting
*Irregular Stools
*Urination
*Intussusception
How the environment affect the baby?
*Exposure to certain substances in the environment when you are pregnant may affect your pregnancy or the health of your baby. Toxic substances increase the risk
for birth defects, low birth weight, prematurity and miscarriage. It's important for you to be aware of the things you come in contact with in your environment that may
affect you or your pregnancy. Harmful substances can enter your body if you breathe, touch or swallow them.
 Importance of Newborn Screening:
This is done by doing a heel stick on baby and running a blood analysis
This is done by collecting a urine same and doing a urinalysis
This will help to determine adequate physiologic adaptation and identify disorders that can
adversely affect the child’s life
The Purpose of Newborn Screening:
There are a number of potentially devastating diseases that can be present in a newborn but
hidden at the time of birth. These diseases, if undetected by newborn screening, have the
potential to cause medical problems as the baby grows, and severely alter a life that could have
otherwise been normal.

WHAT IS IMMUNIZATION?

Immunization: Vaccination. Immunizations work by stimulating the immune system, the natural disease-fighting system of the body. The healthy immune system is
able to recognize invading bacteria and viruses and produce substances (antibodies) to destroy or disable them. Immunizations prepare the immune system to ward
off a disease.

IMPORTANCE OF IMMUNIZATION
Getting immunized is important for at least two reasons: to protect yourself and to protect those around you. Vaccines are the best way we have to prevent infectious
disease. A successful immunization program depends on the co-operation of every person.
 LEADER:

Joheina Cyndril Zacarias

MEMBERS:

Julie Mae Emia

Kaila Gell Capa

Jazzminn Kate Gallardo

Rovelyn Gallardo

Princess Ann Cornel

Nina Aldaba

Yzell Adavan

Kristel Jade Busmion

Johannie Agawon

Maria Amor Paradero