HW1 PDF

Homework
Assignment #1: Module 1

Advanced Converter Control Techniques
University of Colorado, Boulder
Prof. Dragan Maksimovic

Averaged switch modeling and simulations

A boost converter is illustrated in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1

In Questions 1-‐6, you are asked to enter expressions for intermediate steps in your
analysis; these expressions must be entered as computer-‐readable equations using
the reference polarities defined in the figure, and exact variable names for the
average (DC) components of the relevant signals, as well as other quantities, defined
below:
• Duty cycle D
• Output voltage Vout
• Inductor current IL
• Switch network port 1 voltage V1
• Switch network port 1 current I1
• Switch network port 2 voltage V2
• Switch network port 2 current I1
• Inductor resistance RL
• MOSFET on-‐resistance Ron

When entering equations, these variable names are case-‐sensitive and must be
entered exactly as defined above. The complement of the duty cycle should be
entered as (1-‐D).

The objective in Questions 1-‐6 is to derive an averaged switch model for Q1 and D1
based on the boost converter waveforms. You may assume that the converter
operates in continuous conduction mode and that inductor current and capacitor
voltage ripples are small. Except for the conduction losses due to RL and Ron, other
losses in the converter can be neglected. Diode D1 can be considered ideal. To
answer Questions 1-‐6, it is highly recommended that you first sketch the converter
circuit and sketch the waveforms v1, v2, i1, i2 with pencil and paper; this is intended
for guidance only, and you are not asked to actually upload or enter any waveforms.
Use these waveforms to derive expressions for averages. Then enter your answers
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in the fields below. You may compare your answers to Questions 5 and 6 to the
expressions found in the lectures for the averaged switch model including
conduction losses.

Question 1. Derive an expression for the average port 1 voltage V1 as a function of
the duty cycle D, MOSFET on resistance Ron, the dc inductor current IL, and the dc
capacitor voltage Vout. Enter your expression below.

Question 2. Derive an expression for the average port 1 current I1 as a function of
the duty cycle D, and the dc inductor current IL. Enter your expression below.

Question 3. Derive an expression for the average port 2 voltage V2 as a function of
the duty cycle D, MOSFET on resistance Ron, the dc inductor current IL, and the dc
capacitor voltage Vout. Enter your expression below.

Question 4. Derive an expression for the average port 2 current I2 as a function of
the duty cycle D, and the dc inductor current IL. Enter your expression below.

Question 5. Using your results from Questions 1-‐4 above, derive an expression for
the dc port 1 voltage V1 as a function of the dc port 2 voltage V2, MOSFET on
resistance Ron, the duty cycle D, and the dc port 1 current I1. Enter your expression
below.

Question 6. Using your results from Questions 1-‐4 above, derive an expression for
the dc port 2 current I2 as a function of the duty cycle D and the dc port 1 current I1.
Enter your result below.

To answer Questions 7-‐10, first construct an LTspice average circuit model for the
boost converter of Figure 1 using CCM2 averaged switch model from the
average.lib library. The circuit parameters are: Vg = 120 V, L = 330uH, RL = 0.2 Ω,
C = 33 µF, R = 250 Ω. The MOSFET on-‐resistance is Ron = 0.3 Ω. The diode forward
voltage drop is modeled as a voltage drop VD = 0.8 V in series with RD = 0.01 Ω
resistance. Other losses can be neglected. In the LTspice average circuit model, the
switch duty cycle is set by an independent voltage source Vduty.

Question 7. Using DC sweep (.dc) simulation, find the dc value of the duty cycle D
such that the output dc voltage equals Vout = 500V ± 0.1 V. Enter the result for D
below as a decimal number rounded to 4 significant digits.

Question 8. For the dc value of the duty cycle D found in Question 7, use DC
operating point (.op) simulation to determine converter efficiency based on the
converter average circuit model. Enter your efficiency result below expressed as %
value between 0 and 100 rounded to 3 significant digits. Do not enter %, just the
number.

Question 9. For the dc value of the duty cycle D found in Question 7, use AC (.ac)
simulation to obtain magnitude and phase responses of the converter control-‐to-‐
output transfer function Gvd = vˆ / dˆ . Using cursor, find the frequency f0 where the
magnitude response has the maximum value. Enter your result as a number
expressed in Hz. Do not enter units, just the number.

Question 10. For the dc value of the duty cycle D found in Question 7, use AC (.ac)
simulation to obtain magnitude and phase responses of the converter line-‐to-‐output
transfer function Gvg = v̂ / v̂g . Using cursor, find the magnitude response in dB at
f = 120 Hz. Enter your result below as a number expressed in dB. Do not enter units,
just the number.

For Questions 11-‐13 parameters in the boost converter of Figure 1 are selected so
that the converter operates in discontinuous conduction mode. You may assume
that losses can be neglected: MOSFET Q1 and diode D1 can be considered ideal, and
RL = 0. The objective of Questions 11-‐13 is to derive an expression for the DC
conversion ratio of the DCM boost converter using the DCM averaged switch model
derived in the lecture. Recall that the DCM averaged switch model consists of a
resistor Re and a power source P. It is highly recommended that you first sketch the
dc equivalent circuit model of the DCM boost converter. The dc equivalent circuit
model should include four elements: Vg, Re, P and R. Then answer Questions 11-‐13
by analysis using paper and pencil. Finally enter your expressions below.

Question 11. Derive an expression for the port 2 power P as a function of Vg and Re.
Enter your expression below.

Question 12. Derive an expression for the port 2 current I2 as a function of Vg,
Vout, and Re. Enter your expression below.

Question 13. Using your results from Question 12 above, derive an expression for
the dc conversion ratio M = Vout/Vg as a function of R and Re. Given R = 2 kΩ and
Re = 150 Ω, calculate M and enter the answer below as a decimal number rounded
to 3 significant digits

Questions 14-‐15 refer to Spice simulations of the closed-‐loop buck voltage
regulator average circuit model in the LTspice file
SyncBuck_average_fresponses.asc discussed in the lecture, and provided among
the simulation files. It is recommended that you first run the simulation of the model
as provided, and verify that the values for the crossover frequency (113.5 kHz) and
the phase margin (54.8 degrees) are as discussed in the lecture. These values can be
found by inspection of the SPICE Error Log output file. The file can be found in
Windows under LTspice View menu. On Mac, open
SyncBuck_average_fresponses.log file in the folder with your simulation files Then
perform additional simulation to answer Questions 14-‐15.

Question 14. By running AC (.ac) simulation, determine the crossover frequency for
the case when the input voltage is increased to Vg = 8V. Enter your result expressed
in kHz, as a decimal number rounded to 4 significant digits.
Question 15. By running AC (.ac) simulation, determine the phase margin for the
case when the input voltage is increased to Vg = 8V. Enter your result expressed in
degrees, as a decimal number rounded to 3 significant digits.
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