Water Treatment Project work

General instructions:

Mini project of water treatment plant for preparation of preliminary design and estimation of
Construction cost for DBU water work project to be finalized by 5 th year civil engineering Students.
Student should present progressive report of the project as seminar form once per week during
classes and final project presentation will be one day after submission of the project paper

The student should submit the project paper on January 3/2010 E.C on print form and soft copy of their
work. Each student is required to turn in a self-evaluation and a peer evaluation to the instructor
Total marks for the entire work is 20 marks and evaluation is as follow:

Submission of project work as print and softcopy form =10 pts

Presentation or seminar once per week = 10pts

At the end of this project student should understand how to design and estimate construction cost
of water treatment project.

General Description of the project:

Debre Birhan University with a population of 15,000 plans to construct a water treatment plant to produce
potable water using a design flow of 0.76 m3/d. DBU uses surface water from a nearby river (Beressa
River) . Both water quality and water demand varies with season. The typical raw water characteristics
are as follows:

Raw Water Characteristics

CO2 ( mg/l ) 6 Turbidity ( NTU) Ave 20 Max 60

Ca++ ( mg/l) 210 TDS ( mg/l) 550

Mg ++ ( mg/l ) 30 Color ( CU) Ave 18 Max 60

Na+ ( mg/l ) 21

Alkalinity ( mg/l as Ca CO3) 340

SO4--(mg/l) 280

Cl -( mg/l ) 32

The requirements for the product water quality / Product Water Quality Requirements are as follows:

Turbidity ( NTU) 0.2 Sulfate ( mg/l) 250

Coliform 1 TDS ( mg/l) 500

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pH 6.5-8.3 Color ( CU)

5

Scope of Work:

I. Budgetary estimate of construction cost and engineering design fee.

II. Evaluate and select treatment processes and prepare a preliminary design of the treatment facilities.

The preliminary design shall include the following:

1. Evaluating given information and developing a schematic flow diagram of the processes.

2. A tabulation of the design criteria.

3. Design calculations for Modules A through H for unit processes and equipment sizing.

4. A summary of preliminary sizes.

5. A hydraulic profile.

6. A layout and detailed sketch of the facilities.

7. Support documents including equipment data sheets, and catalog cut sheets.

 Design Requirements:

Module A: Raw Water Intake and Pump Station

Given:

Static head 6.71m

Total pipe length 1310.64m

Total minor losses 4.27m

Number of pumps 2 + 1

The elevation of the low water level 31m

Design:

1. Inlet & discharge pipe sizes (Inlet velocity < 1.83m/s and discharge velocity < 2.44m/s )

2. Pump calculation including discharge and TDH

3. Pump & motor selection (include catalog cut)

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Module B: Flash Mix

Given: Number of Tanks 2

Freeboard 0.6m

Vertical shaft vaned disc turbine mixer with 4 flat blades

Mixing energy ( G) 920 per second

GT 20,000 - 35,000 ( use average value)

Impeller diameter 40 to 50% of tank diameter or width

Water temperature is 10 oc.

Design:

1. Tank size

2. Impeller type, diameter and rotating speed.

3. Mixer motor HP(Assume overall efficiency is 80%)

4. Select a chemical diffuser. Justify your decision.

Module C: Flocculation

Given: Number of rectangular tanks 2

The basin for each stage L/W = 3 and water depth = 3.35m

Flocculation stages 3 per tank

Number of flocculators 3 per stage

Detention time 10 minutes each stage

Flocculator type Horizontal shaft with paddles and variable speed drive

Mixing Energy (G) 50, 35 and 20 per second for the 3 stages

Design:

1. Tank volume

2. Tank dimensions and baffled wall details

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3. Flocculator paddle dimensions and details

4. Check ratio of paddle area to tank area and tip velocity

5. Flocculator motor HP

6. Discuss other common alternatives (exclude proprietary devices), the pros and cons of each
alternative.

7. Is your design a good selection? Justify your answer.

Module D: Sedimentation

Given: Number of rectangular tanks 2

Tank L/W ratio 4

Surface loading rate 0.632 l/s/m2

Ave depth 4.27m

Weir loading rate 13.9gpm/ft

Sludge collection Chain and flight

Sludge quantity approximately 4% of total flow

Design:

1. Tank dimensions

2. Ave horizontal velocity. Check Reynold’s no. and Froude's no. Reshape the tank if there is a problem.

3. Detention time

4. Sludge withdrawal pumps (one pump per tank)

5. Influent and effluent structures (hydraulics and details)

6. Calculate the tank size reduction if 75% of the tank area is covered with tube modules. The tubes are
0.6 high, 50.8mm wide and of 45o inclination.

Module E: Filters

Given: Conventional gravity filter, square filters, fixed-nozzle type

Filter media anthracite coal and sand

Number of filters 5 operating + 1 spare

Filter rate 2.716 L/s/m2

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Average backwash cycle every 48 hours

Design:

1. Dimensions and details of filters

2. Filter media depth, effective size, Uniformity coefficient, Specific gravity.

3. Gravel bed depth, effective sizes

4. Filter backwash back wash rate, backwash flow, backwash duration.

5. Filter surface wash rate and duration

6. Total wash water as a percentage of plant flow

7. Elevations for filter HWL, LWL, top of filter media, top of wash water trough, required water
elevation in effluent channel for self wash type, effluent weir crest, and HWL in clear well.

8. Is a dual medium filter a good selection for given conditions? Justify your answers.

Module F: Sludge Lagoon

Given: Two earthen basins

Storage period 60 days

Design: Basin volume and dimensions

Module G: Chlorination

Given: Plant effluent free chlorine residual 1 mg/l

Chlorine demand 0.5 mg/l

Design:

1. Daily Chlorine requirement

2. Chlorination system

3. Injector

Module H: Chemical facilities

Given: Alum dose 50 mg/l

Alum feed solution commercial liquid alum (without dilution)

Liquid alum 670g/l solution

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Polymer (cationic) dose 1 mg/l

Commercial liquid polymers 80% strength

Polymer feed solution 2.5-5% strength

Design:

1. Chemical consumption

2. Size of day tank for polymer

3. Feed pump type and capacity