Introduction to

distributed Application
Layer Protocols
Anil Yadav
 SNMP – Simple Network Management Protocol

Introduction SMTP – Simple mail Transfer Protocol

to DNS – Domain Name System

distributed MIME- Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension
Application HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
Layer
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
Protocols
URL – Uniform Resource Locator
Simple Network Management
Protocol(SNMP)
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a framework for managing devices in an internet using the
TCP/IP protocol suite.
The manager is a host that runs the SNMP client program.

The agent is a router or host that runs the SNMP server program.

SNMP frees management tasks from both the physical characteristics of the managed devices and the
underlying networking technology.
SNMP uses the services of two other protocols: Structure of Management Information (SMI) and
Management Information Base (MIB)
SNMP defines eight types of packets: Get Request, Get Next Request, Set Request, Get Bulk Request, Trap,
Inform Request, Response, and Report.
SNMP uses the services of UDP on two well-known ports, 161 and 162.
 • The Domain Name System (DNS) is a client/server application that
identifies each host on the Internet with a unique user-friendly name.

• DNS organizes the name space in a hierarchical structure to

decentralize the responsibilities involved in naming.
Domain • DNS can be pictured as an inverted hierarchical tree structure with
one root node at the top and a maximum of 128 levels.
Name • Each node in the tree has a domain name.

System • A domain is defined as any subtree of the domain name space

(DNS) • The domain name space is divided into three sections: generic
domains, country domains, and inverse domain

• There are two types of DNS messages: queries and responses.

• There are two types of DNS records: question records and resource
records.
 The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the main protocol
used to access data on the World Wide Web (WWW).
HTTP uses a TCP connection to transfer files.

Hyper Text An HTTP message is similar in form to an SMTP message.

Transfer The HTTP request line consists of a request type, a URL, and
the HTTP version number.
Protocol HTTP uses the services of TCP on well-known port 80.

(HTTP) HTTP version 1.1 specifies a persistent connection by default

The status line consists of the HTTP version number, a status

code, and a status phrase.
 File Transfer Protocol
FTP uses the services of TCP. It needs two TCP connections. The well-known port 21 is used for the control
connection and the well-known port 20 for the data connection.

One of the programs used for file transfer in the Internet is File Transfer Protocol (FTP).

FTP requires two connections for data transfer: a control connection and a data connection.

FTP employs NVT ASCII for communication between dissimilar systems.

There are three types of file transfer:

• A file is copied from the server to the client.

• A file is copied from the client to the server.
• A list of directories or file names is sent from the server to the client.