Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from

the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Question 1: A. final B. writer C. ivory D. widow
Question 2: A. passed B. managed C. cleared D. threatened
Question 3: A. ejects B. defends C. advocates D. breaths
Question 4: A. produced B. believed C. stopped D. laughed
Question 5: A. alien B. alloy C. alley D. anthem
Question 6: A. affected B. looked C. decreased D. washed
Question 7: A. missed B. worked C. realized D. watched
Question 8: A. need B. speech C. see D. career
Question 9: A. loved B. appeared C. agreed D. coughed
Question 10: A. pagoda B. integral C. against D. aquatic
Question 11: A. imagines B. bikes C. cultures D. involves
Question 12: A. office B. practice C. service D. device
Question 13: A. finished B. cooked C. attended D. laughed
Question 14: A. number B. future C. furious D. amuse
Question 15: A. concerned B. candied C. travelled D. dried
Question 16: A. speaks B. speeds C. graphs D. beliefs
Question 17: A. dune B. hummock C. shrub D. buffalo
Question 18: A. increased B. pleased C. replaced D. fixed
Question 19: A. looks B. knows C. helps D. sits
Question 20: A. linked B. declared C. finished D. developed
Question 21: A. heat B. beat C. meant D. easy
Question 22: A. sports B. thanks C. games D.
enthusiasts
Question 23: A. sacrificed B. trusted C. recorded D. acted
Question 24: A. cooks B. loves C. joins D. spends
Question 25: A. interviewed B. performed C. finished D. delivered
Question 26: A. misses B. goes C. leaves D. potatoes
Question 27: A. removed B. approved C. reminded D. relieved
Question 28: A. young B. plough C. couple D. cousin
Question 29: A. confine B. conceal C. convention D.
concentrate
Question 30: A. isolated B. climate C. island D.
automobile
Question 31: A. river B. rival C. native D. driven
Question 32: A. valentine B. imagine C. discipline D. determine
Question 33: A. crop B. common C. household D. bodily
Question 34: A. merchant B. sergeant C. mermaid D.
commercial
Question 35: A. obstacle B. obscure C. obsession D. oblivious
Question 36: A. failed B. reached C. absorbed D. solved
Question 37: A. develops B. takes C. laughs D. volumes
Question 38: A. species B. invent C. medicine D. tennis
Question 39: A. advanced B. established C. preferred D. stopped
Question 40: A. exact B. examine C. eleven D. elephant
Question 41: A. heavy B. head C. weather D. heat
Question 42: A. processed B. infested C. balanced D. reached
Question 43: A. food B. shoot C. book D. boot
Question 44: A. amount B. country C. counter D. around
Question 45: A. apologize B. agree C. algebra D. aggressive
Question 46: A. likes B. tightens C. heaps D. coughs
Question 47: A. building B. suitable C. suit D.
recruitment
Question 48: A. create B. creature C. easy D. increase
Question 49: A. needed B. played C. rained D. followed
Question 50: A. ploughs B. photographs C. gas D. laughs
Question 51: A. broad B. load C. road D. boat
Question 52: A. acronym B. agency C. became D. aviation
Question 53: A. account B. amount C. mourning D. trout
Question 54: A. sound B. touchy C. outdated D. account
Question 55: A. fungus B. rubbish C. function D. furious
Question 56: A. contain B. entertain C. certain D. campaign
Question 57: A. measure B. pleasure C. threat D. treat
Question 58: A. south B. southern C. scout D. drought
Question 59: A. dome B. comb C. home D. tomb
Question 60: A. accountant B. country C. count D. fountain
Question 61: A. clubs B. books C. hats D. stamps
Question 62: A. advance B. ancient C. cancer D. annual
Question 63: A. canoeing B. penalty C. rival D. tsunami
Question 64: A. increase B. meant C. flea D. lease
Question 65: A. goalie B. archive C. signal D.
advertisement
Question 66: A. bury B. hurt C. turn D. excursion
Question 67: A. book B. foot C. brook D. booth
Question 68: A. punctual B. rubbish C. thunder D. furious
Question 69: A. sound B. touch C. down D. account
Question 70: A. clerk B. reserve C. deserve D. herb
Question 71: A. spark B. share C. park D. smart
Question 72: A. hasty B. nasty C. wastage D. tasty
Question 73: A. neigh B. height C. weigh D. vein
Question 74: A. butter B. gum C. butcher D. summer
Question 75: A. hall B. salt C. drawn D. roll
Question 76: A. lost B. post C. loan D. pole
Question 77: A. adopted B. appealed C. dedicated D. wounded
Question 78: A. mile B. militant C. smile D. kind
Question 79: A. peace B. great C. treat D. meat
Question 80: A. sailor B. tailor C. naivety D. painter

MODULE 2: STRESS

Tiếng Anh là ngô n ngữ đa â m tiết. Nhữ ng từ có hai â m tiết trở lên luô n có mộ t â m tiết phá t
â m khá c biệt hẳ n so vớ i nhữ ng â m tiết cò n lạ i về độ dà i, độ lớ n và độ cao. Â m tiết nà o đượ c
phá t â m to hơn, giọ ng cao hơn và kéo dà i hơn cá c â m khá c trong cù ng mộ t từ thì ta nó i â m
tiết đó đượ c nhấ n trọ ng â m. Hay nó i cá ch khá c, trọ ng â m rơi và o â m tiết đó .
Khi nhìn và o phiên â m củ a mộ t từ thì trọ ng â m củ a từ đó đượ c kí hiệu bằ ng dấ u (') ở phía
trướ c, bên trên â m tiết đó .

QUY TẮC
CHUNG VÍ DỤ NGOẠI LỆ

1. Từ có 2âm tiết: candy, really, active, carrot

cadec, listen,
- Danh từ hoặc tính từ: nhấn ở dictate, present, export,
open, guitar,
âm tiết đầu begin, dictate, present,
- Động từ: nhấn ở âm tiết cuối patrol, visit
export, prevent

2. Cá c từ tậ n cù ng là : IC, ION, economic, revision, colonial,

arithmetic,
IA, IAL, IAN, IAR, IENCE, IENCY, musician, familiar, heretic,
IENT, IANCE, IUM, IOUS, EOUS, experience, efficient, appliance
UOUS ( nhấn trước nó 1 âm) gymnasium, continuous
3. Cá c từ tậ n cù ng là : OUS, ATE, adventurous, considerate,
TUDE, ITY, ETY, AL, LOGY, attitude, capacity, variety, incarnate,
GRAPHY, METRY, NOMY, CY mechanical, astrology, disastrous
(nhấn trước nó 2 âm) photography, democracy

4. Cá c từ tậ n cù ng là : ADE, EE,
employee, Vietnamese,
ESE, EER, OO, OON, ETTE, centigrade,
engineer, volunteer,
ESQUE, trọng âm thường nhấn committee,
bamboo, balloon, cigarette,
ở vần cuối. ( nhấn vào chính overseer
picturesque
nó)

5. Danh từ kép, trọng âm rơi

blackbird, greenhouse
vào âm tiết đầu

6. Tính từ kép, động từ kép, bad-tempered, old-

trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ fashioned understand,
hai overflow

CHÚ Ý KHI XÉT TRỌNG ÂM

- Đối với từ có 3 âm tiết Trọng âm thường

hoặc có 4 âm tiết: rơi vào nguyên âm Nếu tất cả các âm mà
- trọ ng â m rơi và â m tiết dài/nguyên âm đôi ngắn hết thì trọng
ở trướ c hậ u tố ‘tion, hoặc âm cuối kết âm rơi vào âm tiết
ion, ment’ thúc với nhiều hơn thứ nhất
một phụ âm

Trọng âm không bao giờ Đối với từ có 2 âm tiết:

rơi vào âm /ə/hoặc là - khi â m tiết đầ u đượ c
phá t â m là /ə/ thì trọ ng
âm /əʊ/.
â m rơi và i â m tiết thứ 2
 PRACTISES
Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in
the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. apply B. persuade C. reduce D. offer
Question 2: A. preservatives B. congratulate C. preferential D.
development
Question 3: A. president B. physicist C. inventor D. property
Question 4: A. economy B. unemployment C. communicate D. particular
Question 5: A. elephant B. dinosaur C. buffalo D. mosquito
Question 6: A. scientific B. intensity C. disappearance D.
expectation
Question 7: A. conference B. lecturer C. researcher D. reference
Question 8: A. intentional B. optimistic C. environment D. participant
Question 9: A. explain B. happen C. decide D. combine
Question 10: A. represent B. intensive C. domestic D.
employment
Question 11: A. minister B. dependent C. encourage D. agreement
Question 12: A. equip B. listen C. answer D. enter
Question 13: A. involve B. provide C. install D. comment
Question 14: A. hospital B. inflation C. policy D. constantly
Question 15: A. garment B. comment C. cement D. even
Question 16: A. different B. achievement C. educate D. primary
Question 17: A. sorrow B. schooling C. passion D. subtract
Question 18: A. certainty B. activity C. organize D.
compliment
Question 19: A. publish B. replace C. involve D. escape
Question 20: A. police B. system C. woman D. novel
Question 21: A. attract B. amaze C. offer D. require
Question 22: A. delicate B. promotion C. volcanic D. resources
Question 23: A. figure B. honest C. polite D. happy
Question 24: A. engage B. import C. conserve D. maintain
Question 25: A. original B. responsible C. reasonable D.
comparison
Question 26: A. person B. hotel C. signal D. instance
Question 27: A. situation B. appropriate C. informality D.
entertainment
Question 28: A. different B. bamboo C. rainfall D. wildlife
Question 29: A. gorilla B. interesting C. September D. opponent
Question 30: A. promote B. precede C. picture D. pollute
Question 31: A. exciting B. impolite C. attention D. attractive
Question 32: A. curious B. receive C. unique D. achieve
Question 33: A. comprehend B. entertain C. develop D. introduce
Question 34: A. consider B. concentrate C. interest D. sacrifice
Question 35: A. pollutant B. graduate C. enjoyable D. suspicious
Question 36: A. generous B. endangered C. horrible D. wonderful
Question 37: A. history B. village C. surprise D. physics
Question 38: A. deafness B. arrange C. absorb D. exhaust
Question 39: A. pressure B. sensible C. treatment D. canal
Question 40: A. publish B. predict C. reply D. refuse
Question 41: A. machine B. export C. chemist D. proceed
Question 42: A. applicant B. preference C. sufficient D.
appointment
Question 43: A. interview B. concentrate C. comfortable D. technology
Question 44: A. example B. happiness C. advantage D. disaster
Question 45: A. explain B. involve C. swallow D. control
Question 46: A. character B. guitarist C. astronaut D. bachelor
Question 47: A. surgeon B. conquest C. profit D. canal
Question 48: A. supply B. consist C. happen D. delay
Question 49: A. broaden B. persuade C. reduce D. explain
Question 50: A. solidarity B. effectively C. documentary D. dedication
Question 51: A. royal B. unique C. remote D. extreme
Question 52: A. enroll B. promote C. require D. danger
Question 53: A. optimistic B. diversity C. environment D. assimilate
Question 54: A. affectionate B. kindergarten C. respectable D. occasional
Question 55: A. certificate B. compulsory C. remember D.
information
Question 56: A. treasure B. appoint C. advance D. diverse
Question 57: A. conceal B. contain C. conserve D. conquer
Question 58: A. forgettable B. philosophy C. humanism D. objectively
Question 59: A. centralize B. candidate C. applicant D. motivation
Question 60: A. compass B. campus C. comfort D. command

MODULE 3:VERB TENSES

 Thì SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PAST
Dạng (Hiện tạ i đơn) (Quá khứ đơn)
Khẳng
S + V[-s/es] S + V-ed/V cột 2
định
Phủ định S + don’t / doesn’t + V1 S + didn’t + V1
Nghi vấn Do / Does + S + V1 …? Did + S + V1 …?
- yesterday
- always, usually, occasionally, often, …
- last + time: last week, last Sunday…
Dấu hiệu - every:every day, every year, every
- time+ ago : two months ago, five years
nhận biết Sunday
ago…
- once a day , twice…, 3 times…
- in the past, in + year (past): in 1990, …

Thì PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS

Dạng (Hiện tạ i tiếp diễn) (Quá khứ tiếp diễn)
Khẳng
S + am / is / are + V-ing S + was / were + V-ing
định
Phủ định S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing S + wasn’t / weren’t + V-ing
Nghi vấn Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing …? Was / Were + S + V-ing …?
- At that moment
- now, at present - When / As + S + (simple past), S + was/ were
- at the moment V-ing
Dấu hiệu
- Sau câu mệnh lệnh : Vd: When I came, she was crying.
nhận biết
Vd: Keep silent! The baby is sleeping. - While :
Look! He is running. Vd: A dog crossed the road while I was
driving.

Thì PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT

Dạng (Hiện tạ i hoà n thà nh) (Quá khứ hoà n thà nh)
Khẳng
S + has / have + V-ed/V cột 3 S + had + V-ed/V cột 3
định
Phủ định S + hasn’t / haven’t + V-ed/ V cột 3 S + hadn’t + V-ed/ V cột 3
Nghi vấn Has / Have + S + V-ed/ V cột 3 …? Had + S + V-ed/ V cột 3…?
- just, already, ever, yet, recently,
- after + S + had V3/ED , (simple past)
lately,..
Dấu hiệu - before + (simple past), S + had V3/ED
- since, for : since 1995, for 9 years
nhận biết - By the time + S + V(simple past) , S + had
- so far, up to now , It is the first
V3/ED: cho đến lúc........
time…..
 Thì SIMPLE FUTURE FUTURE PERFECT
Dạng (Tương lai đơn) (Tương lai hoà n thà nh)
Khẳng
S + will + V 1 S + will have+ V-ed/ V cột 3
định
Phủ định S + won’t + V 1 S + won’t have + V-ed/ V cột 3
Nghi vấn Will + S + V 1? Will + S + have + V-ed/ V cột 3…?
- tomorrow
- by the end of this month
Dấu hiệu - next + time : next week, next
- by the time+S+ V (simple present), S + will
nhận biết Monday,….
have V3/ED
- in the future

Thì NEAR FUTURE FUTURE CONTINUOUS

Dạng (Tương lai gầ n) (Tương lai tiếp diễn)
Khẳng
S + am/is/are going to + V 1 S + will be + ving
định
Dấu hiệu - Diễn tả 1 kế hoạ ch, dự định.
- Diển tả 1 sự việc đang xả y ra ở tương lai.
nhận biết - Diễn tả 1 dự đoá n có că n cứ

PRACTISES
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to
each of the following questions.
1. Jane________law at Harvard for four years now.
A. is studying B. has been studying C. studies D. studied
2. This time tomorrow________on the beach sunbathing and drinking freshly squeezed fruit
juice!
A. I’ll have been lying B. I will lie
C. I will be lying D. I will have lain
3. We________for three hours and we are very tired.
A. waited B. have been waiting C. wait D. had waited
4. She________for hours. That’s why her eyes are red now.
A. cried B. has been crying C. was crying D. has cried
5. When I last saw him, he________in London.
A. is living B. has been living C. was living D. lived
6. By the time he arrives here tomorrow, they________for London.
A. would have left B. will have left C. will left D. are leaving
7. Mr. Pike________English at our school for 20 years before he retired last year.
A. had been teaching B. has been teaching
C. was teaching D. is teaching
8. They________for Japan at 10.30 tomorrow.
A. will be leaving B. have left C. will have left D. will leave
9. When I________to the airport, I realized that I________my passport at home.
A. got/had left B. got/left C. had got/had left D. got/was left
10. I________was angry when you saw me because I________with my sister.
A. have been arguing B. had been arguing C. argued D. would argue
11. Call me as soon as you________your test results.
A. get B. will get C. will have got D. got
12. I________to Greece until Sally and I went there last summer.
A. have never been B. had never been C. was never being D. were never
13. I________ along the street when I suddenly heard footsteps behind me.
A. was walking B. am walking C. walk D. walked
14. He occasionally________a headache in the morning.
A. has had B. has C. have D. is having
15. The boy fell while he________down the stairs.
A. run B. running C. was running D.runs
16. I will come and see you before I________for America.
A. leave B. will leave C. have left D. left
17. When the first child was born, they _______ for three years.
A. have been married B. had been married
C. will be married D. will have been married
18. It________a long time since we were apart. I did not recognize her.
A. is B. has been C. was D. had been
19. Many of the people who attended Mr. David’s funeral________him for many years.
A. didn’t see B. wouldn’t see C. haven’t seen D. hadn’t seen
20. We were both very excited about the visit, as we________each other for________ages.
A. never saw B. didn’t see C. hadn’t seen D. haven’t seen
21. In one year’s time, she________for this company for 15 years.
A. will be working B. will have been working
C. will work D. has worked
22. His health has improved a lot since he________doing exercises regularly.
A. starts B. started C. has started D. had started
23. She hurt herself while she________hide-and-seek with her friends.
A. is playing B. had played C. played D. was playing
24. .What________at 9 o’clock last night? I phoned you but couldn’t get through to you.
A. did you do B. were you doing C. would you do D. had you done
25. It is raining heavily with rolls of thunder. We________such a terrible thunderstorm.
A. would never see B. had never seen C. have never seen D. never see
26. I _______ my old teacher last week.
A. visited B. visit C. am visiting D. have visited
27. My brother usually ________me for help when he has any difficulties with his homework.
A. ask B. asks C. asked D. has asked
28. I ______ all of my homework last night.
A. finish B. will finish C. have finished D. finished
29. Lan________ learning English a few years ago.
A. starts B. will start C. started D. is starting
30. Only after she________from a severe illness did she realize the importance of good health.
A. would recover B. has recovered
C. had recovered D. was recovering
31. Only after the bus________for a few miles did Jane realize she was on the wrong route.
A. was running B. had run C. has run D. runs
32. The children________to bed before their parents came home from work.
A. were all going B. had all gone C. had all been going D. have all gone
33. Paul noticed a job advertisement while he________along the street.
A. was walking B. would walk C. walked D. had walked
34. I haven’t met him again since we________school ten years ago.
A. have left B. leave C. left D. had left
35. For the last 20 years, we________significant changes in the world of science and
technology.
A. witness B. have witnessed C. witnessed D. are witnessing
36. My best friend Lan________to England 10 years ago.
A. was moving B. moves C. moved D. has moved
37. Mr.Pike________for this company for more than thirty years, and he intends to stay here
until he________.
A. worked/retires B. works/is retiring
C. has been working/retires D. is working/will retire
38. While I________at the bus stop, three buses went by in the opposite direction.
A. was waiting B. waited C. had waited D. were waiting
39. By the end of last March, I________English for five years.
A. had been studied B. had been studying
C. will have been studying D. will have studied
40. ________Alan for hours but he hasn’t answered his mobile. I hope nothing’s wrong.
A. I call B. I’ve been calling C. I’m calling D. called
41. We________in silence when he suddenly________me to help him.
A. walked - was asking B. were walking - asked
C. were walking - was asking D. walked - asked
42. By the time the software________on sale next month, the company________$2 million on
developing it.
A. went - had spent B. will go - has spent
C. has gone - will spend D. goes - will have spent
43. When Carol________last night, I________my favorite show on television.
A. called /was watching B. had called /watched
C. called /have watched D. was calling /watched
44. Linda took great photos of butterflies while she________in the forest.
A. was hiking B. is hiking C. hiked D. had hiked
45. When I________for my sister in front of the supermarket, a strange man came to talk with
me.
A. was waiting B. waited C. had waited D. were waiting

MODULE 4: THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES

Mộ t câ u có thể bao gồ m mộ t mệnh đề chính (main clause) và mộ t hoặ c nhiều mệnh đề phụ
(subordinate clause). Khi trong câ u có hai mệnh đề trở lên, cá c độ ng từ phả i có sự phố i hợ p
về thì.
 Một số cách hòa hợp thì giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề thời gian:
Main clause Adverbial clause of time
(Mệnh đề chính) (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
Hiện tại Hiện tại
Quá khứ Quá khứ
Tương lai Hiện tại
1. Sự phối hợp thì trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian:
WHEN diễn tả hà nh Trong QUÁ KHỨ :
độ ng xả y ra WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ đơn)
nố i tiếp Eg: When he saw me, he smiled, at me.
 Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
nhau WHEN + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (tương lai đơn)
Eg: When I see him, I will remind him to call you.
Trong QUÁ KHỨ :
WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ tiếp
diễn tả mộ t diễn)
hà nh độ ng Eg: When I came to see her, she was cooking dinner.
đang xả y ra
thì có hà nh Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
độ ng khá c WHEN + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (tương lai tiếp
xen và o diễn)
Eg: When you come in, your boss will be waiting for you
there.
Trong QUÁ KHỨ :
WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn
diễn tả mộ t thành)
hà nh độ ng Eg: When I arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off
xảy ra xong
trướ c mộ t Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
hà nh độ ng WHEN + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V(tương lai hoàn
khá c thành)
Eg: When you return to the town, they will have finished
building a new bridge.
Trong QUÁ KHỨ :
AS SOON AS + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ
đơn)
diễn tả hà nh Eg: As soon as she saw a mouse, she shouted and ran
độ ng xả y ra away.
AS SOONAS
nố i tiếp Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
nhau AS SOON AS + S + V (hiện tại đơn/hiện tại hoàn
thành), S + V (tương lai đơn)
Eg: I will call you as soon as I have finished / finish the
work.
S + V (hiện tại hoàn thành) + SINCE + V (quá khứ
diễn tả nghĩa đơn)
SINCE
“từ khi’’ Eg: We have known each other since we were at high
school.
BY +TIME diễn tả hà nh Trong QUÁ KHỨ :
độ ng kết BY + trạng từ của quá khứ + S + V (quá khứ hoàn
thú c tính thành)
đến mộ t Eg: By last month, we had worked for the company for 9
điểm nà o years.
đó trong quá Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
khứ /tương BY + trạng từ của tương lai + S + V (tương lai hoàn
lai thành)
Eg: By next month, we will have worked for the company
 for 9 years.
diễn tả hà nh Trong QUÁ KHỨ :
độ ng đang AT THIS/THAT TIME + trạng từ của quá khứ + S + V
xảy ra tạ i (quá khứ tiếp diễn)
mộ t thờ i Eg: At this time last week, we were preparing for Tet.
ATTHIS/THATTIM
điểm xá c Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
E
định trong AT THIS/THAT TIME + trạng từ của tương lai + S +
quá V (tương lai tiếp diễn)
khứ /tương Eg: At this time next week, we will be having a big party
lai in the garden.
Trong QUÁ KHỨ :
BY THE TIME + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ
hoàn thành)
Eg: By the time she got home, everyone had gone to bed.
diễn tả nghĩa
BY THETIME Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
“và o lú c”
BY THE TIME + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (tương lai
hoàn thành)
Eg: By the time she gets home, everyone will have gone
to bed.
Trong QUÁ KHỨ :
AFTER + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành), S + V (quá khứ
đơn)
diễn tả hà nh Eg: After she had done her homework, she went out for a
độ ng xả y ra walk.
AFTER xong rồ i mớ i
tớ i hà nh Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
độ ng khá c AFTER + S + V (hiện tại hoàn thành), S + V (hiện tại
đơn)
Eg: After she has done her homework, she goes out for a
walk.
Trong QUÁ KHỨ :
BEFORE + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn
diễn tả hà nh thành)
độ ng xả y ra Eg: Before she went to bed, she had locked all the doors.
xong trướ c
BEFORE Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
khi có hà nh
độ ng khá c BEFORE + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (tương lai hoàn
tớ i thành)
Eg: Hurry up or the film will have ended before we go to
the movie.
S + V (tương lai đơn)/ V(bare)/DON’T + V(bare) +
UNTIL/TILL + S + V (hiện tại đơn/hiện tại hoàn
diễn tả nghĩa
UNTIL/TILL thành)
“cho tớ i khi”
Eg: I will wait for you until it is possible.
Wait here until I come back.
  CHANGE INTO THE PAST SIMPLE  PRESENT SIMPLE
PERFECT

1.S + Last +V2/ed + time +ago/in+ mốc thời gian./when + clause

=> S +have/has + not + V3/ed + for +khoảng thời gian.
+ since + mốc thời gian.
=>It’s + time + since + S +last +V2/ed
=>The last time + S + V2/ed +was+ time + ago
2.This is the first time + S + have/has + V3/ed
=>S + have/has + never + V3/ed + before
3.S started/began + Ving/to V +………………+khoảng thời gian +ago
+……………...In + mốc thời gian./when + clause
=>S + have/has + V3/ed +for + khoảng thời gian
+since + mốc thời gian
4.When + did + S + started/begin + to V/Ving………..?
=>How long + have/has + S + V3/ed….?

PRACTISES

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to
each of the following questions.
1. I ________ your brother at Green Street yesterday afternoon.
A. meet B. met C. have met D. had met
2. He ________ a cigarette and ________ to the window.
A. light; walked B. lit; walks C. lighted; walked D. lights; walks
3. After she ________ for help, she ________ off her shoes and ________ in to save him.
A. shouted; took; jumped B. had shouted; took; jumped
C. had shouted; had taken; jumped D. shouted; had taken; jumped
4. I can't go with you because I ________ my homework yet.
A. haven't finished B. had finished C. finished D. finish
5. He ________ for London 2 years ago and since then I ________ him.
A. have left; didn't see B. left; haven't seen
C. eft; hadn't seen D. had left; have't seen
6. The performance ________ at 7 o'clock and ________ for 3 hours. We all ________ it very much.
A. had started; had lasted; enjoyed B. had started; lasted; enjoyed
C. started; had lasted; enjoyed D. started; lasted; enjoyed
7. Tell them to stop and take a rest. They ________ long enough.
A. have worked B. had worked C. have been working D. had been
working
8. "You ________ here before?” □ "Yes, I ________ my holidays here last year.”
A. have you been; spended B. have you been; spent
C. had you been; spent D. were you; spent
9. We ________ our housework by tomorrow evening.
A. will finish B. will have finished
C. will be finishing D. are going to finish
10. "Your face is dirty, Tom.” - "All right, I ________ it.”
A. am washing B. am going to wash C. will wash D. will have
washed
11. Coming into the room, he ________ Mary where he ________ her.
A. see; left B. saw; had left C. had seen; left D. saw; was
leaving
12. I ________ from him since he ________ two years ago.
A. hadn't heard; disappeared B. haven't heard; disappeared
C. didn't hear; has disappeared D. will not hear; disappears
13. After the guests ________ she ________ back into the living-room and ________ off the light.
A. left; went; turned B. had left; had gone; turned
C. have leftt; will got; turned D. had left;
went; turned
14. By the time you finish cooking they ________ their homework.
A. will have finished B. will finish C. had finished D. have finished
15. "You have just missed the last train.” □ "Never mind. I ________”
A. will be walking B. am going to walk C. will walk D. am walking

MODULE 5: SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENTS

Quy tắc chung:
Chủ ngữ là danh từ số ít hoặ c danh từ khô ng đếm đượ c đi cù ng độ ng từ số ít và chủ ngữ số
nhiều đi cù ng độ ng từ số nhiều.
Tuy nhiên, đô i khi chủ ngữ cò n hoà hợ p vớ i độ ng từ tuỳ theo ý tưở ng diễn đạ t hoặ c danh
từ /đạ i từ đứ ng trướ c theo cá c quy tắ c nhấ t định. Sau đâ y là mộ t số quy tắ c cơ bả n về sự hoà
hợ p giữ a chủ ngữ và độ ng từ :
Chủ ngữ là danh từ và cụ m danh từ số ít.
Chủ ngữ là cá c đạ i lượ ng chỉ thờ i gian, khoả ng cá ch, tiền bạ c, hay sự đo lườ ng.
 Chủ ngữ là cá c đạ i từ bấ t định: someone, anything, nothing, eve-eryone,
another…
Chủ ngữ là mệnh đề danh từ Ex: All I want to do now is to sleep.
Chủ ngữ bắ t đầ u bằ ng “to infinitive” hoặ c “V-ing”.
Chủ ngữ bắ t đầ u bằ ng cụ m từ “Many a”.
Chủ ngữ bắ t đầ u là mộ t phâ n số có tử số là 1. Ex: 1/2 is larger than 1/3.
Chủ ngữ là mộ t số danh từ đặ c biệt có hình thứ c số nhiều: mô n họ c (Physics,
Maths), mô n thể thao (billards, athletics…), tin tứ c (news), cá c loạ i bệnh
(rabies, measles…) , tên 1 số quố c gia và tổ chứ c (UN, the United States,
the Philipines…), loà i độ ng vậ t (ants, elephants…)
Chủ ngữ bắ t đầ u bằ ng: Most of/All of/Plenty of/ + N (không đếm được/số ít).
Chủ ngữ bắ t đầ u bằ ng “The number of + N (số nhiều)”.
Chủ ngữ bắ t đầ u bằ ng “None of + N (số nhiều)/ No + N (số ít)”.
Chủ ngữ bắ t đầ u bằ ng N1 (số ít) of N2.
Chủ ngữ là cụ m danh từ chỉ nhó m độ ng vậ t (số ít) mang nghĩa “bầy, đàn”:
flock of birds/sheep, school of fish, pride of lion, pack of dogs, herd of cattle…
A large amount/A great deal + N (không đếm được/ số ít).
Neither (of)/Either of + N (số nhiều)
Ex:
- Neither restaurants is expensive.
- Either of them works in this company.
V (số ít) Chủ ngữ là mộ t tự a đề.
Ex: “Chi pheo” is a famous work of Nam Cao.
Chủ ngữ bắ t đầ u bằ ng “A pair of + N (số nhiều)”.
Ex: A pair of pants is in the drawer.
Chủ ngữ là danh từ và cụ m danh từ số nhiều.
Ex: Oranges are rich in vitamin C
Mộ t số danh từ kết thú c bằ ng “s” nhưng dù ng số nhiều: people, police,
cattle, children, geese, mice…
Ex: People are searching for something to eat.
Hai chủ ngữ nố i nhau bằ ng “and” và có quan hệ đẳ ng lậ p
Ex: Jane and Mary are my best friends.
V (số nhiều) Tuy nhiên, nếu 2 danh từ cù ng chỉ mộ t ngườ i, mộ t bộ phậ n hoặ c 1 mó n ă n…
thì độ ng từ chia ở số ít. (Lưu ý: khô ng có “the” ở trướ c danh từ sau “and”.)
Ex: Bread and butter is their daily food.
Cấ u trú c “both N1 and N2”
Ex: Both Betty and Joan are cooking for their dinner party.
Chủ ngữ là 1 đạ i từ : several, both, many, few, all, some + N (số nhiều).
Ex: Several students are absent.
Chủ ngữ là “The + adj”, chỉ mộ t tậ p hợ p ngườ i
Ex: The poor living here need help.
Chủ ngữ bắ t đầ u là mộ t phâ n số có tử số từ 2 trở lên.
Ex: 2/5 are smaller than 1/2.
Cá c danh từ luô n dù ng dạ ng số nhiều (thườ ng đi theo cặ p): trouser, eyeglasses, jeans,
tweezers, shorts, pliers, pants, tongs…
 Ex: The pants are in the drawer.
Chủ ngữ bắ t đầ u bằ ng: Most of/All of/ Plenty of/Some of/Majority of/
The last of/ One of/Half of/Part of/The rest of/Percentage of/A lot of/Lots of/A
third of/Minority of + N (số nhiều).
Ex: Most of people in the factory are male.
Chủ ngữ bắ t đầ u bằ ng “A number of + N (số nhiều).
Ex: A number of students going to class decrease.
Chủ ngữ bắ t đầ u bằ ng “No + N (số nhiều).
Ex: No people understand what he says.
Chủ ngữ bắ t đầ u bằ ng “N1 (số nhiều) of N2”.
Ex: The studies of how living things work are called philosophy.
Chủ ngữ là cụ m danh từ chỉ nhó m độ ng vậ t (số nhiều) mang nghĩa “bầ y, đà n”:
flocks of birds/sheep; schools of fish; prides of lion; packs of dogs; herds of cattle…
Ex: Flocks of birds are flying to its destination.

Chủ ngữ đượ c nố i vớ i nhau bở i cá c liên từ : “as long as, as well as, with,
together with, along with, in addition to, accompanied by”.
V chia theo chủ
Ex:
ngữ đầu tiên
- She, along with her classmates, is going to university this year.
- Mrs. Smith together with her sons is going abroad.

Either …or…
Neither … nor…
Not only … but also…
V chia theo các
… or…
danh từ thứ 2
… nor…
Not… but…

PRACTISES
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to
each of the following questions.
1. One of ________________________ a goldfish bowl on her kitchen table.
a. my friend keep c. my friend keeps
b. my friends keep d. my friends keeps
2. Every ____________________ love.
a. man, woman and child needs c. man, woman and child need
b. men, women and children needs d. men, women and children need
3. One of the girls who ____________________ in this office ____________________ my niece
a. works / is b. works / are c. work / is d. work / are
4. Neither Lan nor her parents ____________________ the film.
a. like b. likes c. is like d. are like
5. Each ____________________ the same as the day before.
a. days was b. day was c. days were d. day were
6. More men than ____________________ left handed.
a. woman are b. woman is c. women are d. women is
7. Every one of the students ____________________ on time for class
a. is b. are c. were d. have been
8. There ____________________ some money on the table.
a. are b. were c. have been d. is
9. This information about taxes ____________________ helpful
a. were b. have been c. is d. are
10. The vegetables in the bowl on the table ____________________ fresh.
a. looks b. smells c. are d. is
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that
needs correction in each of the following questions.
1. A basic knowledge of social studies, such as history and geography, are considered
A B C
basic part of the education of every child.
D
2. Lan together with her boyfriends are workingin groups to find out
A B C D
the solution to that problem.
3. Each of the members of the group were made to write a report every week.
A B C D
4. 1.6 billion gallons were sold every year, in over one hundred and sixty countries.
A B C D
5. Buying clothes is often a time-consuming practice because those clothes that a
A B
person likes is seldom the ones that fit him or her.
C D
6. Most bacteria has strong cell walls much like those of the plants.
A B C D
7. Measles have notyet been eradicated because of the controversy concerning
A B C D
immunization.
8. Whether life in the countryside is better than that in the city depend on each
A B C
individual’s point of view.
D
9. Never before hasso many people in the United States been interested in soccer.
A B C D
10. She is among the few who wants to quit smoking instead of cutting down.
A B C D
11. Each of the nurses report to the operating room when his or her name is called.
A B C D
12. As a result of the Women’s Movement, women now holds positions
A B
that were once restricted tomen.
C D
13. One of the students who are being considered for the scholarship
A B C
are from this university.
D
14. Mrs. Steven, along withher cousins from New Mexico, are planning to attend the
A B C D
festivities
15. The mining of minerals often bring about the destruction of landscapes and wildlife
A B C D
habitats.
16. The governor, with his wife and children, are at home watching the election
A B C
returns on TV.
D
17. Neither Russia nor the United States have been able to discover a mutually
A B C
satisfactory plan for gradual disarmament.
 D
18. The office furniture that was ordered last month have just arrived, but we’re not sure
A B
whether the manager likes it.
C D
19. What happened in that city were a reaction from city workers, including firemen and
A B C
policemen who had been laid off from their jobs.
D
20. That these students have improved their grades because oftheir participation in the
A B C D
test review class.
21. There area car and two vansin front of my house.
A B C D
22. Fifty minutes are the maximumlength of time allotted for the exam.
A B C D
23. The world is becoming more industrialized and the number of animal species that
A B
have become extincthave increased.
C D
24. The number of homeless people in Nepal have increased sharply due to the recent
A B C
severe earthquake.
D
25. Upon reaching the destination, a number of personnel is expected to change their
A B C
reservations and proceed to Hawaii.
D
26. The assumption that smoking has bad effects on our health have been proved.
A B C D
27. Neither the Minister nor his colleagues has given an explanation for the chaos in
A B C
the financial market last week.
D
28. On the floor of the Pacific Ocean is hundreds of flat-tipped mountains more than
A B C
a mile beneath sea level.
D
29. The Netherland, with much of its land lying lower than sea level, have system of
A B C
dikes and canals for controlling water.
D
30. Maths were one of his favourite subjects when he was at primary school.
A B C D