KKKM 6033

KEJURUTERAAN FORENSIK
CASE STUDY

Prof. Madya Dr. Zainuddin Sajuri

Jabatan Kejuruteraan Mekanik & Bahan, UKM
KANDUNGAN

 Kes-kes Penyiasatan Kejuruteraan Forensik

 Lesson Learned From Accidents
CASE 1

 Failure Of Run Flat Material Of A Load Wheel In

Monorail Car
KL MONORAIL
RUNNING ON A BEAM
MONORAIL CAR BOOGIE
Load wheel
RUN FLAT TIRE
THE PROBLEM

 Run flat material fail before the tire flat, or

 Flat tire caused the run flat material fail
THE PROBLEM

 Tire defect? Or run flat material problem?

OBJECTIVE
 To measure the impact strength of the runflat material;
 To identify the tensile and bending strength of runflat material;
 To determine the effect of notches (defects i.e. air bubble) on
tensile strength of runflat material;
 To identify the type of polymer material of the runflat.
TESTS DONE

 Impact test
 Tensile test

 Bending test

 Differential scanning calorimetry or DSC

analysis
RESULTS
TEST RESULTS

 Impact test

(a) V-notch specimen

(b) Un-notched specimen

TEST RESULTS
Table 2 Impact energy for the tested material.

Impact energy
Condition Sample type
(Joule)
Un-notched 9.31
As-received
Notched 0.20
Un-notched 9.27
Heated (100oC, 48 hrs)
Notched 0.19
TEST RESULTS

 Tensile

Table 1 Stress concentration for

tensile test samples
Sample Stress Concentration
factor (Kt)

Un-notched 1
Notched-1 2.0
Notched-2 2.6
TEST RESULTS
Table 3 Effect of Kt on tensile properties of tested material.
Sample type Elastic modulus (MPa) Tensile strength (MPa) Elongation (%)
Un-notched (Kt=1.0) 353 27.3 627
Notched-1 (Kt=2.0) 395 18.3 77
Notched-2 (Kt=2.6) 472 15.5 21
TEST RESULTS

 Bending
Table 4 Bending properties for the tested material.
Maximum
Flexure Modulus
Condition Sample type bending strength
(MPa)
(MPa)
Un-notched 454 40.3
As-received
Notched 369 9.6
Un-notched 357 77.1
Heated (100oC, 48 hrs)
Notched 340 9.1
TEST RESULTS

 Differential scanning calorimetry or DSC

analysis
TEST RESULTS
FINDINGS

Run flat for samples preparation Cracks observed in the sliced run flat
FINDINGS

Cracks observed in the sliced run flat

FINDINGS

Defects observed in the run flat

CONCLUSIONS
 The impact energy for the tested runflat material was about 9 Joule.
 The tensile strength for un-notched sample was 27.3 MPa and its
elongation was 627%. The maximum bending strength for the as-
received material was 40.3MPa. However. The value increased after
the material was kept at 100oC for 48 hours.
 The presence of notch (defect) in the samples responsible for
significant reduction in the values of impact energy, tensile and
bending strengths.
 From the impact, tensile bending it is suggested that the tested
material has the same grade as the G5544 general purpose or 6356
high-performance Hytrel polyester elastomer