THE EXAMINER 2019

FORM ONE END OF TERM 2 EXAMINATION

BIOLOGY MARKING SCHEME
1. i. Lysosomes. 1x1=1mk
ii. Mitonchondria. Rej ; mitochondrion. 1x1=1mk
iii. Contractile vacuole / rej vacuole water vacuole1x1=1mk
2. -Collect only the number of specimens you need
-Do not harm the specimens during capture
-Dangerous specimens should be handled with care
-Highly mobile animals should be immobilised
3x1=3mks
3. i. Diaphragm – regulates amount of light passing through the condenser 1x1=1mk
ii. Condenser – concentrates light on the object on the stage 1x1=1mk
4. i. For sucking small animals from rock surfaces/barks of trees 1x1=1mk
ii. For magnifying images of objects/specimens; 1x1=1mk
iii.For catching crawling animals ; 1x1=1mk
5. i Ciliated epithelial cell; 1x1=1mk
ii -Oviduct/fallopian tube
-Trachea; 2x1=2mks
6. - Grouping living organisms for easy study
- Identify similarities and differences between organisms
- Organise scientific knowledge in an orderly system
-Monitor emergence,presence and disappearance of organisms in and fro the earth
3x1=3mks
7. i. Golgi bodies/Golgi apparatus; 1x1=1mk
ii. Lysosome(s): 1x1=1mk
iii. Ribosomes; 1x1=1mk
8. -Feed on already made food
-Locomote
-Have complex excretory system
-Lack cell walls
3x1=3mks

9. i. Magnification – Ability of a microscope to enlarge tiny objects

Resolution – Ability of a microscope to separate between two tiny structures under
magnification to appear distinct 2x1/2=1mk
ii. Mounting – The placing of prepared slide on stage of a microscope;
Staining – Use of chemical stain on specimen for clear observation2x1/2=1mk
10. i. genus; 1x1=1mk
ii. -The genus name should begin with capital letter and the species name with a small letter;
-Should be printed in italics or when handwritten should be underlined as separate words;
-Should be Latinized i.e. made to sound like Latin words;
3x1=3mks
11.i. Golgi bodies/Golgi apparatus; 1x1=1mk
ii. Centriole; 1x1=1mk
iii.Nucleolus ; 1x1=1mk
12. i. Adjustment according to stimuli 1x1=1mk
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 ii.Removal of harmful waste products 1x1=1mk
13. i. Nucleus 1x1=1mk
ii -Maintain the shape of the cell providing support to herbaceous plants;
-Stores sugar and salts; 1x1=1mk
iii. Hypotonic solution;
Accept -highly concentrated salt/sugar solution 1x1=1mk
iv. The potato cell sap were lowly concentrated than the surrounding solution; hence lost
water molecules by osmosis through the semi permeable membrane to become plasmolysed;
2x1=2mks
v.Re-absorption of water from the kidney tubules/ hence important in osmoregulation; 1x1=1mk
14.i.Plant cells have chloroplast while animal cells lack them;
Plant cells have cellulose cell wall, animal cell lack;
Plant cells have definite shape and irregular shape in animal cells;
Plant cells have large vacuole; small or no vacuole in animal cells;
3x1=3mks
ii. Microbiology; 3x1=3mks
15.-Sensitive to change in temp;
-Sensitive to changes in PH;
-Has both negative and positive charges; 3x1=3mks
16.i. Cellulose; 1x1=1mk
ii. -Store sugars, salt and food; 1x1=1mk
-carry out osmoregulation by inducing osmotic gradient that
bring about water movement; maintain the shape of the cell; 1x1=1mk
iii. Cell wall; 1x1=1mk and chloroplast; 1x1=1mk
17. i.Study of internal and external parts of the body of an organism; 1x1=1mk
ii.Study of the living organisms and their chemical composition; 1x1=1mk
18.Average length of one cell= field diameter/no. of cells
5mm/8cells; = 0.625mm1x1=1mk
0.625 x 1000 = 625micrometers; 1x1=1mk
19. -Solving environmental problems
-For career opportunities
-To gain scientific skills
-To acquire biological knowledge
3x1=3mks
20.a) Osmosis; 1x1=1mk
b) i. -Distilled in the Irish potato would reduce in level; 1x1=1mk
-Level of concentrated salt solution would increase in the Petri dish; 1x1=1mk
ii. Concentrated salt solution in the Petri – 1mk dish has higher osmotic pressure than the cells of the Irish potato;
1mk these cells lost water to the salt solution by osmosis; 1mk these cells became more concentrated and drew water
from the neighbouring cells; 1mk this process continued until the cells in contact with water in the potato drew it up;
c) - Support in herbaceous plants;
- Absorption of water
- Opening and closing of stomata
- Movement and water between cells
- Feeding in insectivorous plants
- Folding of leaves of mimosa pudica plant when touched; 1x1=1mk
21. i. Make the sections transparent: 1x1=1mk
ii. To produce thin sections/ Not to distort the cells: 1x1=1mk
iii. To distinguish between different parts/organelles of the cells: