Flat Nozzle

Applied Time Volume Flow Rate, Velocit Area, A Velocity, Acceleration, Force, F= mG
taken accumulated, Q (mᶟ/s) y at v a F
weight,g ,s L Nozzle,
μ ρQv (1-
cosB)
300 8 5 6.25x10−4 2.960 2.112x10−4 2.89 -8.75x10−3 1.81 -2.625x10−3

250 9 5 5.55x10−4 2.628 2.112x10−4 2.55 -8.65x10−3 1.41 -2.168x10−3

200 10 5 5x10−4 2.367 2.112x10−4 2.28 -8.7x10−3 1.14 -1.74x10−3

Hemispherical Nozzle

Applied Time Volume Flow Rate, Velocit Area, A Velocity, Acceleration, Force, F= mG
taken accumulated, Q (mᶟ/s) y at v a F
weight,g ,s L Nozzle,
μ ρQv (1-
cosB)
300 11 5 4.54x10−4 2.150 2.112x10−4 2.05 -9.09x10−3 1.86 -2.72x10−3

250 12 5 4.17x10−4 1.974 2.112x10−4 1.87 -8.67x10−3 1.56 -2.17x10−3

200 13 5 3.85x10−4 1.823 2.112x10−4 1.72 -7.92x10−3 1.32 -1.58x10−3

CALCULATION

For the flow rate, Q (m 3)

L
Q=( S )

0.005
( 8
)
3
= 6.25x10−4 m ¿s

For velocity of nozzle , μ

Q
(A)

6.25 x 10−4
=
2.112 x 10−4

= 2.960 m¿ s

For Area, A

A = π (0.0082 ¿ ¿2

= 2.112x10−4 m2

For velocity , v

V= √ μ2 – 2 g s

= √ (2.960 ¿ ¿2 – 2 (9.81) (0.021)

= 2.89m ¿ s

For acceleration, a

v−μ
s
2.89−2.96
=
8
= -8.75x10−3 m/¿s ¿
For force, F

For flat nozzle

ρ Q V ( 1 cos ϐ )

= (1000)( 6.25x10−4 ) (2.89 ) ( 1 cos 90)

= 1.81 N

For hemispherical nozzle

ρ Q V ( 1 cos ϐ )

= (1000)( 4.54x10−4 ) (2.89 ) ( 1 cos 180)

= 1.86 N

For F = ma

Applied weight , kg
acceleration m/s 2
= 0.3 ( -8.75x10−3 )

= -2.625x10−3 N
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

There were a few glitches that could have harmed the data gathered during the trial. The first
consideration is the equipment's condition, specifically the hydraulic water pump bank. Water will
drain and flow erratically if the penstock bank surface is not properly maintained. The presence of
liquids in the reservoir, such as pollution and dust, obstructs water flow through both weirs. It's also
difficult to maintain a constant flow rate to gauge altitude as a constant water flow because the
pump doesn't indicate a consistent flow rate as it grows. Because of the pump's condition, which
generates vibrations throughout the embankment, the water flow is unequal throughout the
experiment. Water is also affected by leaks from the embankment; however, the leaks are minor,
and the loss of water influences the experiment's results over time.

In conclusion, it can be concluded that the experiment confirms the theoretical expression for the
force exerted by a jet on a target based on the data calculations and percentage of error, and so the
experiment's goal is met. The differences are minimal enough that the theoretical expression can
still be validated because errors in the experiment are to be expected. As a result, it is rational and
reasonable for us to believe that the hypothesis of jet impact is correct.

REFERENCE

http://saiful-hafidz.blogspot.com/2016/11/impact-of-jet.html

https://pdfcoffee.com/impact-of-jet-lab-report-pdf-free.html