REPUBLIC OF RWANDA

PROJECT: CONSTRUCTION OF COMMERCIAL AND

MIXED RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Structure 3D View

STUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

REPORT
PROJECT OWNER: TWAGIRIMANA HONORE

COMPANY: B&K CONTRUCTORS.

Design code: BS 8110-1997

Software: ROBOT

2018
 2

1. GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE

The numerical values of actions on buildings and civil Engineering works

to be taken into account in the design are applicable to the various types of
construction.

1.2 The purpose of the building is, residential building. the materials used
are R.C structures of framed type, Solid two way slabs and cement blocks for wall
elevation, whereas the roof is made up with wood trusses covered with metal
sheets.

1.3 The execution of construction of this building is covered by various

code of designs to the extent that is necessary to indicate the quality of
construction materials and products which should be used and the standard of
workmanship on site needed to be supervised by qualified and experienced
Engineer .Some lab test like compressive strength test for concrete should be done
as far as the importance of building structure is concerned.

1.4 The method of design is Limit state design method accordingly to BS

8110-1997, and the use of ROBOT ® Structural software for all members except
to slab design where we use Prokon structure software.
 3

DESIGN INFORMATION

VICTOR Client

The structural use of Concrete Relevant Building

British Standard (BS 8110-1997) Regulations and

Design Code

Public Building. Intended use of the

building

following codes: BS 648, BS 649, and BS 6399. General loading

2
Self-weight of Bac Autoportant Sheet = 0.11 KN/m , Self-weight of conditions
2 2 2
truss: 0.15 KN/m , Ceiling: 0.1KN/m , Services: 0.2 KN/m
2
and Finishes: 0.01 KN/m . Dead load (Gk) = 0.11+0.1+0.2+0.01 =
2
0.42 KN/m

Floor –Imposed (3 )and partitions(1) 1.5 kN/m2 (BS 6399)

2
- Finishes 1.0 kN/m
2
Stairs –Imposed 4 kN/m
2
- Finishes 1.0 kN/m

Severe (external ) and Mild (internal) Exposure

conditions

Compact sandy-gravel Subsoil conditions

2
Allowable bearing pressure Calculated to 200kN/ m

Reinforced Concrete footing to columns. Foundation type

 4

Concrete: grade fck=25MPa (with 20mm max. aggregates. Material data

3
Mix ratio 350 kg/ m

Reinforcement :-Characteristic strength:

ƒy = 460 N/mm High yield steel

2
for stirrups ƒy = 250 N/mm Mild steel
3
Self weight of Reinforced concrete = 25 KN/ m Other relevant
3 information
Self weight of masonry = 18 KN/ m

For dead load 1.4 Partial safety

factor
For live load 1.6

-Concrete is assumed to carry zero tensile stresses.

-Plane sections of structural member before bending
remain plane after bending.
-At the ultimate limit state, the strain in concrete is 0.0035
-The strains in the concrete and in the reinforcing steel are
directly proportional to the distances from the neutral axis
at which the strain is zero.
-Partial safety factors for material strength according to
BS8110 part1,
γm is 1.15 for steel and
1.5 for concrete
 5

2. ANALYSIS AND DIMENSION OF SLAB

2.1. Analysis of slab

During our calculations the following notations are going to be used:

hs = thickness of the slab

d = efficient thickness of the slab

Lx = short span

ly = long span

Ly/lx > 2 one way span

Ly/lx <2 two way span

Figure 1.1 Plan view show slab , beam and Column, foundation
 6

2.1.1. Dimension of slab

2.1.1.1. Preliminary dimension

 7

Po rtee(lx )
Efficient thickness of slab = 2 0*2.0

The value of the small range (lx) is lx = 4.63m

4.633 * 10
hs 
 1115.75mm;
20 * 2.0
Let take a slab of thickness hs = 120mm for the whole slab

Let assume h (the overall depth of slab) to be 120mm so that construction reinforcement bar
being easy on site. We will only consider the fire resistance of 1.5 hour to get the cover. From
table 3.4 given in the BS 8110, the cover for 1.5 hour fire resistance is 20mm.

2.2 Panel on floor

2.2.1Checking slab
The ratio of =
5.21/4.63=1.125 < 2.0
Slab is designed as two ways
We assumed 10Ø bar
Cover =20mm
2.2.2 Load distribution
-Thickness of slab 120mm
2
-Self weight of slab = 25×0.12 = 3 kN/m

2
Finishes 1.5 kN/m
2
Dead load = 3+1.5 = 4.5 kN/m
2
Imposed load = 1.5 kN/m
Design load = 1.4 Gk+1.6Qk= 1.4×4.5+1.6x 1.5 = 8.7 kN/m
2.2.3 Moment result:

Max Moment at mid-span is 12.7 KNm/m

Max Moment at support is 33.5 KNm/m
2.2. 4 Deflection

Deflection is 2.8mm<Max deflection=l/500=10.4mm

Reinforcement area

Maximum Reinforcement areas:

2
At support is 555.6 mm /m and Reinforcement is Y10@150 mm (T1 and T2)
2
At mid span is 284.2 mm /m and Reinforcement is Y 10@150 mm (B1 and B2)
3. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BEAM

3.0 BEAM 1

Fire rating : 1.5 (h)

 Maximum cracking: 0.30 (mm)
 Environment class : moderate
 Concrete creep coefficient : p = 2.00

3.1 Material properties:

 Concrete: CONCR fcu = 25 (KN)

2
 Longitudinal reinforcement : T fy = 460 (N/mm )
2
 Transversal reinforcement : R fy = 250 (N/mm )

3.2 Geometry:
2.2.1 Span Position L.supp. L R.supp.
(m) (m) (m)
P1 Span 0.20 4.00 0.20
Span length: Lo = 5.00 (m)
Section from 0.00 to 4.80 (m)
20 x 35 (cm)
without left slab
without right slab

3.3 Calculation options:

 Regulation of combinations : BS5950

 Calculations according to : BS 8110
 Precast beam : no
 Cover : bottom c = 3 (cm)
: side c1 = 3 (cm)
: top c2 = 3 (cm)

3.4 Calculation results:

3.4.1 Internal forces in ULS

Span Mtmax. Mtmin. Ml Mr Ql Qr

(kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN) (kN)
P1 34.75 -0.00 -43.12 -5.23 60.61 -28.20
10
 11
-60
-50 [kN*m]
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40 [m]
50
0 1 2 3 4 5
Bending Moment ULS: M Mr Mc

150
[kN]
100

50

-50

-100
[m]
-150
0 1 2 3 4 5
Shear Force ULS: V Vr Vc(stirrups) Vc(total)

3.4.2 Internal forces in SLS

Span Mtmax. Mtmin. Ml Mr Ql Qr

(kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN) (kN)
P1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.4.3 Required reinforcement area

Span Span (mm2) Left support (mm2) Right support (mm2)

bottom top bottom top bottom top
P1 292 0 0 374 11 42
500
[mm2]
400
300
200
100
0
100
200
300 [m]
400
0 1 2 3 4 5
Reinforcement Area for Bending: Abt Abr Abmin

1000
800 [mm2/m]
600
400
200
0
200
400
600
800 [m]
1000
0 1 2 3 4 5
Reinforcement Area for Shear: Ast Asr AsHang
3.4.4 Deflection and cracking
at(s-t) - initial deflection due to total load
ap(s-t) - initial deflection due to long-term load
ap(l-t) - long-term deflection due to long-term load
a - total deflection
aall - allowable deflection

Cw - width of perpendicular cracks

 Span at(s-t) ap(s-t) ap(l-t) a aall Cw
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
P1 0 0 0 0=(L0/--) -20 0.00
-20
[mm]
-15

-10

-5

10

15 [m]
20
0 1 2 3 4 5
Deflections: ap(s-t) ap(l-t) at(s-t) a a adm

0.3
[mm]
0.2

0.1

0.1

0.2
[m]
0.3
0 1 2 3 4 5
Cracking: Cw Cw adm

3.5 Theoretical results - detailed results:

3.5.1 P1 : Span from 0.20 to 4.20 (m)
ULS SLS
Abscissa M max. M min. M max. M min. A bottom A top
(m) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m) (mm2) (mm2)
0.20 0.00 -43.12 0.00 0.00 0 374
0.60 0.00 -19.59 0.00 0.00 0 157
1.10 4.01 -0.00 0.00 0.00 32 0
1.60 19.83 -0.00 0.00 0.00 159 0
2.10 29.51 -0.00 0.00 0.00 244 0
2.60 34.75 -0.00 0.00 0.00 292 0
3.10 33.29 -0.00 0.00 0.00 279 0
3.60 27.97 -0.00 0.00 0.00 230 0
4.10 17.88 -0.00 0.00 0.00 143 0
4.60 6.66 -0.00 0.00 0.00 53 0
5.00 1.33 -5.23 0.00 0.00 11 42

ULS SLS
Abscissa Q max. Q max. Cw
(m) (kN) (kN) (mm)
0.20 60.61 0.00 0.00
0.60 55.81 0.00 0.00
1.10 34.64 0.00 0.00
1.60 28.64 0.00 0.00
2.10 13.55 0.00 0.00
2.60 0.07 0.00 0.00
3.10 -5.93 0.00 0.00
3.60 -17.17 0.00 0.00
4.10 -23.18 0.00 0.00
 12
4.60 -23.40 0.00 0.00
5.00 -28.20 0.00 0.00

3.6 Reinforcement:
2.6.1 P1 : Span from 0.20 to 4.20 (m)
Longitudinal reinforcement:
 bottom
3 T 12 l = 5.68 from 0.03 to 5.17
 assembling (top)
3 T 12 l = 4.51 from 0.60 to 5.10
 support (T)
3 T 12 l = 1.73 from 0.03 to 1.41
1 T 12 l = 1.88 from 0.08 to 1.51
3 T 12 l = 1.23 from 4.28 to 5.17
Transversal reinforcement:
 main
stirrups 44 R8 l = 0.79
e = 1*0.09 + 21*0.22 (m)
pins 44 R 8 l = 0.79
e = 1*0.09 + 21*0.22 (m)

3.7 Material survey:

 Concrete volume = 0.36 (m3)

 Formwork = 4.74 (m2)

 Steel T
 Total weight = 36.69 (kG)
 Density = 100.79 (kG/m3)
 Average diameter = 12.0 (mm)
 Survey according to diameters:

Diameter Length Weight NumberTotal weight

(mm) (m) (kG) (No.) (kG)
12 1.23 1.09 3 3.28
12 1.73 1.54 3 4.61
12 1.88 1.67 1 1.67
12 4.51 4.00 3 12.01
12 5.68 5.04 3 15.12

 Steel R
 Total weight = 13.77 (kG)
 Density = 37.84 (kG/m3)
 Average diameter = 8.0 (mm)
 Survey according to diameters:

Diameter Length Weight NumberTotal weight

(mm) (m) (kG) (No.) (kG)
8 0.79 0.31 44 13.77
 13

TWAGIRIMANA PROJECT

4. BEAM 200X200 (Ring beam)

Fire rating : 1.5 (h)
 Maximum cracking: 0.30 (mm)
 Environment class : moderate
 Concrete creep coefficient : p = 2.00

4.1 Material properties:

 Concrete: CONCR fcu = 25 (KN)

2
 Longitudinal reinforcement : T fy = 460 (N/mm )
2
 Transversal reinforcement : R fy = 250 (N/mm )

4.2 Geometry:
2.2.1 Span Position L.supp. L R.supp.
(m) (m) (m)
P1 Span 0.20 4.80 0.20
Span length: Lo = 5.00 (m)
Section from 0.00 to 4.80 (m)
20 x 20 (cm)
without left slab
without right slab
 ERIC PROJECT

14
4.3 Calculation options:

 Regulation of combinations : BS5950

 Calculations according to : BS 8110
 Precast beam : no
 Cover : bottom c = 3 (cm)
: side c1 = 3 (cm)
: top c2 = 3 (cm)

4.4 Calculation results:

4.4.1 Internal forces in ULS

Span Mtmax. Mtmin. Ml Mr Ql Qr

(kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN) (kN)
P1 11.68 -0.00 -17.72 -5.00 21.35 -15.96
-25
[kN*m]
-20
-15

-10
-5

5
10 [m]
15
0 1 2 3 4 5
Bending Moment ULS: M Mr Mc

80
[kN]
60

40

20
0

-20
 15

-40

-60 [m]
-80
0 1 2 3 4 5
Shear Force ULS: V Vr Vc(stirrups) Vc(total)

4.4.2 Internal forces in SLS

Span Mtmax. Mtmin. Ml Mr Ql Qr

(kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN) (kN)
P1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4.4.3 Required reinforcement area

Span Span (mm2) Left support (mm2) Right support (mm2)

bottom top bottom top bottom top
P1 205 0 8 349 4 80
 500
400 [mm2]

300
200

100
0
100
200 [m]
300
0 1 2 3 4 5
Reinforcement Area for Bending: Abt Abr Abmin

1500
[mm2/m]
1000

500

500

1000
[m]
1500
0 1 2 3 4 5
Reinforcement Area for Shear: Ast Asr AsHang

4.4.4 Deflection and cracking

at(s-t) - initial deflection due to total load
ap(s-t) - initial deflection due to long-term load
ap(l-t) - long-term deflection due to long-term load
a - total deflection
aall - allowable deflection

Cw - width of perpendicular cracks

Span at(s-t) ap(s-t) ap(l-t) a aall Cw

(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
P1 0 0 0 0=(L0/--) -20 0.00
-25
-20 [mm]
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20 [m]
25
0 1 2 3 4 5
Deflections: ap(s-t) ap(l-t) at(s-t) a a adm

0.3
[mm]
0.2

0.1

0.1

0.2
[m]
0.3
0 1 2 3 4 5
Cracking: Cw Cw adm
4.5 Theoretical results - detailed results:
4.5.1 P1 : Span from 0.20 to 4.20 (m)
ULS SLS
Abscissa M max. M min. M max. M min. A bottom A top A compressive
(m) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m) (mm2) (mm2) (mm2)
0.20 0.00 -17.72 0.00 0.00 8 349 8
0.60 0.00 -9.64 0.00 0.00 0 164 0
1.10 0.00 -1.49 0.00 0.00 0 24 0
1.60 4.72 -0.00 0.00 0.00 76 0 0
2.10 8.98 -0.00 0.00 0.00 152 0 0
2.60 11.30 -0.00 0.00 0.00 197 0 0
3.10 11.68 -0.00 0.00 0.00 205 0 0
3.60 10.11 -0.00 0.00 0.00 174 0 0
4.10 6.60 -0.00 0.00 0.00 108 0 0
4.60 1.15 -0.00 0.00 0.00 18 0 0
5.00 0.23 -5.00 0.00 0.00 4 80 0

ULS SLS
Abscissa Q max. Q max. Cw
(m) (kN) (kN) (mm)
0.20 21.35 0.00 0.00
0.60 18.25 0.00 0.00
1.10 14.36 0.00 0.00
1.60 10.47 0.00 0.00
2.10 6.58 0.00 0.00
2.60 2.70 0.00 0.00
3.10 -1.19 0.00 0.00
3.60 -5.08 0.00 0.00
4.10 -8.96 0.00 0.00
4.60 -12.85 0.00 0.00
5.00 -15.96 0.00 0.00

4.6 Reinforcement:
4.6.1 P1 : Span from 0.20 to 4.20 (m)
Longitudinal reinforcement:
 bottom
2 T 12 l = 5.80 from 0.03 to 5.17
 assembling (top)
2 T 12 l = 4.01 from 1.10 to 5.10
 support (T)
2 T 12 l = 2.10 from 0.03 to 1.78
2 T 12 l = 1.25 from 0.08 to 0.88
2 T 12 l = 1.10 from 4.42 to 5.17
Transversal reinforcement:
 main
stirrups 48 R8 l = 0.61
e = 1*0.05 + 47*0.10 (m)
pins 48 R 8 l = 0.61
e = 1*0.05 + 47*0.10 (m)

4.7 Material survey:

 Concrete volume = 0.21 (m3)

 Formwork = 3.12 (m2)

 Steel T
 Total weight = 25.29 (kG)
 Density = 121.60 (kG/m3)
 Average diameter = 12.0 (mm)
 Survey according to diameters:

Diameter Length Weight NumberTotal weight

 17
(mm) (m) (kG) (No.) (kG)
12 1.10 0.97 2 1.95
12 1.25 1.11 2 2.21
12 2.10 1.86 2 3.72
12 4.01 3.56 2 7.12
12 5.80 5.15 2 10.29

 Steel R
 Total weight = 11.46 (kG)
 Density = 55.12 (kG/m3)
 Average diameter = 8.0 (mm)
 Survey according to diameters:

Diameter Length Weight NumberTotal weight

(mm) (m) (kG) (No.) (kG)
8 0.61 0.24 48 11.46

TWAGIRIMANA PROJECT
 18

5. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF COLUMN

5.1 Column: (200x200mm)

 Fire rating : 1.5 (h)
 Environment class : mild

5.1.1 Material properties:

2
 Concrete : CONCR fcu = 25 (N/mm )
3
 Concrete Unit weight : 2501.36 (Kg/m )
2
 Longitudinal reinforcement : T fy = 460 (N/mm )
2
 Transversal reinforcement : R fy = 250 (N/mm )

5.2 Geometry:
2.2.1 Rectangular 20 x 20 (cm)
2.2.2 Height: L = 3.38 (m)
2.2.3 Slab thickness = 0.12 (m)
2.2.4 Beam height = 0.35 (m)
2.2.5 Cover = 2 (cm)

5.3 Calculation options:

 Calculations according to : BS 8110

 Precast column : no
 Pre-design : no
 Slenderness taken into account : yes
 Ties :to slab
 Non-sway structure

5.4 Loads:

Case Nature Group f N Myu Myl Myi Mzu Mzl Mzi

(kN) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m) (kN*m)
COMB1 design 45 1.00 248.41 4.14 -2.15 1.66 3.55 -1.67 1.46
f - load factor

5.5 Calculation results:

5.5.1 ULS Analysis

Design combination: COMB1 (A)

Internal forces:
NSd = 248.41 (kN) MSdy = 4.14 (kN*m) MSdz = 3.55 (kN*m)
Design forces:
Upper node
NSd = 248.41 (kN) NSd*etotz = 6.77 (kN*m) NSd*etoty= 3.55 (kN*m)

5.5.1.1 Eccentricity:

Eccentricity: ez (My/N) ey (Mz/N)

static ee: 2 (cm) 1 (cm)
II order eadd: 1 (cm) 1 (cm)
 19
Minimal emin: 1 (cm) 1 (cm)
total etot: 3 (cm) 1 (cm)

5.5.1.2 Detailed analysis-Direction Y:

5.5.1.2.1 Slenderness analysis

 20
Non-sway structure
lo (m)  le (m)
3.20 1.00 3.20

ley/h = 16.00 > 15.00 (10-7)

lez/b = 16.00 > 15.00 (10-7)
Slender column

5.5.1.2.2 Buckling analysis

M2 = 4.14 (kN*m) M1 = -2.15 (kN*m)
Case: Cross-section at the column end (Upper node), Slenderness taken into account
M = 4.14 (kN*m)
emin = max (20mm ; 0.05 *hy) = 1 (cm) (3.8.2.4)
hy = 20 (cm)
Mmin = N*emin = 2.48 (kN*m)
au/2 = a*K*h/2 = 1 (cm) (32)
a = 0.13 (34)
K = min((Nuz-N)/(Nuz-Nbal) ; 1) = 0.83 (33)
Nuz = 2/3*fcu/c*Ac+fy/s*Asc = 642.63 (kN)
Ac = 0.04 (m2)
Asc = 452 (mm2)
Nbal = 165.82 (kN)
h = 20 (cm)
Madd/2 = au/2 * N = 2.63 (kN*m) (35)
Md = max (Mmin;M+Madd/2) = 6.77 (kN*m)

5.5.1.3 Detailed analysis-Direction Z:

M2 = 3.55 (kN*m) M1 = -1.67 (kN*m)
Case: Cross-section at the column end (Upper node), Slenderness not taken into account
M = 3.55 (kN*m)
emin = max (20mm ; 0.05 *hz) = 1 (cm) (3.8.2.4)
hz = 20 (cm)
Mmin = N*emin = 2.48 (kN*m)
Md = max (Mmin;M) = 3.55 (kN*m)

5.5.2 Reinforcement:

Real (provided) area Asr = 452 (mm2)

Ratio:  = 1.13 %

5.6 Reinforcement:
Main bars:
 4 T 12 l = 3.25 (m)

Transversal reinforcement:
stirrups: 21 R 8 l = 0.61 (m)

pins 21 R 8 l = 0.61 (m)

 5.7 Material survey:
3
 Concrete volume = 0.12 (m )
 Formwork = 2.34 (m2)

 Steel T
 Total weight = 11.53 (kG)
3
 Density = 98.53 (kG/m )
 Average diameter = 12.0 (mm)
 Reinforcement survey:

Diameter Length Weight Number Total weight

(m) (kG) (No.) (kG)
12 3.25 2.88 4 11.53

 Steel R
 Total weight = 5.02 (kG)
 Density = 42.87 (kG/m3)
 Average diameter = 8.0 (mm)
 Reinforcement survey:

Diameter Length Weight Number Total weight

(m) (kG) (No.) (kG)
8 0.61 0.24 21 5.02

TWAGIRIMANA
7. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF FOUNDATION

7.1 Basic data

7.1.1 Assumptions

 Geotechnic calculations according to : BS 8004

 Concrete calculations according to : BS 8110
 Shape selection : without limits

7.1.2 Geometry:

A = 0.90 (m) a = 0.20 (m)

B = 0.90 (m) b = 0.20 (m)
h1 = 0.30 (m) ex = 0.00 (m)
h2 = 0.60 (m) ey = 0.00 (m)
h4 = 0.05 (m)

a' = 20 (cm) b'

= 20 (cm) c1 =5
(cm) c2 =5
(cm)

7.1.3 Materials

 Concrete : C25; Characteristic strength = 25000.00 kPa

Unit weight = 2501.36 (kG/m3)
 Longitudinal reinforcement : type T Characteristic strength =
460000.00 kPa
 Transversal reinforcement : type R Characteristic strength =
250000.00 kPa

7.1.4 Loads:

Foundation loads:
Case Nature Group N Fx Fy Mx My
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kN*m) (kN*m)
COMB1 design ---- 257.38 -1.96 -1.63 1.05 1.39

Backfill loads:
Case Nature Q1
24
 25
(kN/m2)

7.1.5 Combination list

1/ ULS : COMB1 N=257.38 Mx=1.05 My=1.39 Fx=-1.96 Fy=-1.63
2/* ULS : COMB1 N=257.38 Mx=1.05 My=1.39 Fx=-1.96 Fy=-1.63

7.2 Geotechnical design

7.2.1 Assumptions

Foundation design for:

• Capacity
• Rotation

7.2.2 Soil:

Soil level: N1 = 0.00 (m)

Column pier level: Na = 0.00 (m)
Minimum reference level: Nf = -0.50 (m)

well graded gravels

• Soil level: 0.00 (m)
3
Unit weight: 2000 (kG/m )
3
• Unit weight of solid: 2502.25 (kG/m )
• Internal friction angle: 42.0 (Deg)
• Cohesion: 0.00 (kPa)

7.2.3 Limit states

7.3 RC design

7.3.1 Assumptions

 Exposure : mild

7.3.2 Analysis of punching and shear

Shear

Design combination ULS : COMB1 N=257.38 Mx=1.05 My=1.39 Fx=-1.96 Fy=-1.63

Load factors: 1.00 * Foundation weight
1.00 * Soil weight
Design load:
Nr = 274.09 (kN) Mx = 2.52 (kN*m) My = -0.38 (kN*m)
Length of critical circumference: 0.90 (m)
Shear force: 33.19 (kN)
Section effective height heff = 0.24 (m)
Shear area: A = 0.22 (m2)
Reinforcement ratio:  = 0.16 %
Shear stress: 153.67 (kPa)
Admissible shear stress: 391.86 (kPa)
Safety factor: 2.55 > 1
 26

7.3.3 Required reinforcement

Spread footing:

bottom:

ULS : COMB1 N=257.38 Mx=1.05 My=1.39 Fx=-1.96 Fy=-1.63

My = 17.65 (kN*m) Asx = 390 (mm2/m)

ULS : COMB1 N=257.38 Mx=1.05 My=1.39 Fx=-1.96 Fy=-1.63

Mx = 18.37 (kN*m) Asy = 390 (mm2/m)

As min = 390 (mm2/m)

 27

top:
A'sx = 0 (mm2/m)
A'sy = 0 (mm2/m)

As min = 0 (mm2/m)

Column pier:
Longitudinal reinforcement A = 160 (mm2) A min. = 160
(mm2)
A = 2 * (Asx + Asy)
Asx = 30 (mm2) Asy = 50 (mm2)

7.3.4 Provided reinforcement

2.3.1 Spread footing:

Bottom:
Along X axis:
4 T 12 l = 0.80 (m) e = 1*-0.40
Along Y axis:
4 T 12 l = 0.80 (m) e = 0.24
Top:

2.3.2 Pier
Longitudinal reinforcement
Along X axis:
2 T 12 l = 1.76 (m) e = 1*-0.02 + 1*0.03
Along Y axis:
2 T 12 l = 1.80 (m) e = 1*-0.05
Transversal reinforcement
5 R8 l = 0.45 (m) e = 1*0.05

7.4Material survey:
 Concrete volume = 0.27 (m3)
 Formwork = 1.56 (m2)

 Steel T
  Total weight = 5.68 (kG)
 Density = 21.29 (kG/m3)
 Average diameter = 12.0 (mm)
 Survey according to diameters:

Diameter Length Number:

(m)
12 0.80 8

 Steel R
 Total weight = 7.20 (kG)
 Density = 26.97 (kG/m3)
 Average diameter = 11.0 (mm)
 Survey according to diameters:

Diameter Length Number:

(m)
8 0.45 5
12 1.76 2
12 1.80 2

TWAGIRIMANA
8. FOUNDATION ANALYSIS & DESIGN DOUBLE COLUMN (F2)

8.1 Basic data

8.1.1 Assumptions

 Geotechnic calculations according to : BS 8004

 Concrete calculations according to : BS 8110
 Shape selection : without limits

8.1.2 Geometry:

A = 1.20 (m) a1 = 0.20 (m) a2 = 0.20 (m)

B = 1.20 (m) b1 = 0.20 (m) b2 = 0.20 (m)
h1 = 0.30 (m) e1 = 0.40 (m)
h2 = 0.60 (m) e2 = 0.20 (m) ey = 0.20 (m)
h4 = 0.05 (m)

a1' = 20 (cm) a2' = 20 (cm)

b1' = 20 (cm) b2' = 20 (cm)

c1 = 5 (cm)
c2 = 5 (cm)

8.1.3 Materials

 Concrete : C25; Characteristic strength = 25000.00 kPa

Unit weight = 2501.36 (kG/m3)
 Longitudinal reinforcement : type T Characteristic strength =
460000.00 kPa
 Transversal reinforcement : type R Characteristic strength =
250000.00 kPa

8.1.4 Loads:

Foundation loads:
Case Nature Group Pier N Fx Fy Mx My
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kN*m) (kN*m)
COMB1 design ---- 1 -44.57 -5.05 0.24 -0.25 -5.35
2 185.26 -5.62 0.02 -0.01 -5.95
 Backfill loads:
Case Nature Q1
(kN/m2)

8.1.5 Combination list

1/ ULS : COMB1 N=140.69 Mx=-0.26 My=11.68 Fx=-10.67 Fy=0.25
2/* ULS : COMB1 N=140.69 Mx=-0.26 My=11.68 Fx=-10.67 Fy=0.25

8.2 Geotechnical design

8.2.1 Assumptions

Foundation design for:

• Capacity
• Rotation

8.2.2 Soil:

Soil level: N1 = 0.00 (m)

Column pier level: Na = 0.00 (m)
Minimum reference level: Nf = -0.50 (m)

Silty sand
• Soil level: 0.00 (m)
3
• Unit weight:2000 (kG/m )
3
• Unit weight of solid: 2502.25 (kG/m )
• Internal friction angle: 42.0 (Deg)
• Cohesion: 0.00 (kPa)

8.2.3 Limit states

8.3 RC design

8.3.1 Assumptions

 Exposure : mild

8.3.2 Analysis of punching and shear

Shear

Design combination ULS : COMB1 N=140.69 Mx=-0.26 My=11.68 Fx=-10.67 Fy=0.25

Load factors: 1.00 * Foundation weight
1.00 * Soil weight
Design load:
Nr = 170.41 (kN) Mx = -28.65 (kN*m) My = 2.08 (kN*m)
Length of critical circumference: 1.20 (m)
Shear force: 44.07 (kN)
Section effective height heff = 0.24 (m)
Shear area: A = 0.29 (m2)
Reinforcement ratio:  = 0.16 %
Shear stress: 153.02 (kPa)
 Admissible shear stress: 391.86 (kPa)
Safety factor: 2.561 > 1

8.3.3 Required reinforcement

Spread footing:

bottom:

ULS : COMB1 N=140.69 Mx=-0.26 My=11.68 Fx=-10.67 Fy=0.25

My = 37.10 (kN*m) Asx = 390 (mm2/m)

ULS : COMB1 N=140.69 Mx=-0.26 My=11.68 Fx=-10.67 Fy=0.25

Mx = 10.88 (kN*m) Asy = 390 (mm2/m)

As min = 390 (mm2/m)

top:

My = 0.00 (kN*m) A'sx = 390 (mm2/m)

A'sy = 0 (mm2/m)

As min = 0 (mm2/m)

Column pier: 1
Longitudinal reinforcement A = 672 (mm2) A min. = 320 (mm2)
A = 2 * (Asx1 + Asy1)
Asx1 = 223 (mm2) Asy1 = 113 (mm2)
Column pier: 2
Longitudinal reinforcement A = 160 (mm2) A min. = 160 (mm2)
A = 2 * (Asx2 + Asy2)
Asx2 = 30 (mm2) Asy2 = 50 (mm2)

8.3.4 Provided reinforcement

8.3.1 Spread footing:

Bottom:
Along X axis:
5 T 12 l = 1.10 (m) e = 1*-0.55
Along Y axis:
5 T 12 l = 1.10 (m) e = 0.25
Top:
Along X axis:
5 T 12 l = 1.10 (m) e = 1*-0.55
Along Y axis:
3 T 12 l = 1.10 (m) e = 0.45

8.3.2 Pier

Column pier: 1
Longitudinal reinforcement
Along X axis:
2 T 12 l = 1.76 (m) e = 1*-0.12 + 1*0.03
Along Y axis:
2 T 12 l = 1.80 (m) e = 1*-0.15
Transversal reinforcement
 5 R8 l = 0.45 (m) e = 1*-0.05

Column pier: 2
Longitudinal reinforcement
Along X axis:
2 T 12 l = 1.76 (m) e = 1*0.08 + 1*0.03
Along Y axis:
2 T 12 l = 1.80 (m) e = 1*0.05
Transversal reinforcement
5 R8 l = 0.45 (m) e = 1*0.15

8.4 Material survey:

 Concrete volume = 0.48 (m3)

 Formwork = 2.40 (m2)

 Steel T
 Total weight = 17.58 (kG)
 Density = 36.63 (kG/m3)
 Average diameter = 12.0 (mm)
 Survey according to diameters:

Diameter Length Number:

(m)
12 1.10 18

 Steel R
 Total weight = 14.40 (kG)
 Density = 30.00 (kG/m3)
 Average diameter = 11.0 (mm)
 Survey according to diameters:

Diameter Length Number:

(m)
8 0.45 10
12 1.76 4
12 1.80 4
12 1.80 4

TWAGIRIMANA
9. ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF STAIR

6. DESIGN OF STAIR CASE

The waist is dl = 15cm and riser is H1 = 14.6cm.

 dl 2 15 2 x14.6
Tread is h   H1    28.9cm
cos  3 0.7826 3

a) Load on stair:

- Self weight of slab : 1.4 x 0.289 x 1 x 1 x 25 = 10.115 KN/m

- Finishes = 1.4x1.6=2.24KN/m
- Live load : 1.6 x 5 = 8 KN/m
Total design load: P = 20.36 KN/m
o
tg = H /L = 175 /220 = 0.9 et  = 38.5

b) Shear forces and moment on stair

1. 40 2. 20 1. 40
SHEAR FOR CE V m a x = 3 8.1 kN @ 0 .00 m
40.0
35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0

.200

60
40

80
5.00

20

40

20

40

00

20

80

00

60

80
. 0
00

60

80

00

60

80

40

60

20

40

00
1.

1.

2.

2.

3.

3.

3.

4.

4.

4.
1.

1.

1.

2.

2.

2.

3.

3.

4.

4.

5.
-5.00

.
-10.0
-15.0
13.7 -20.0
13.7 17.3 13.7 -25.0
-30.0
-35.0
I = 10.0E-3 m^4 E = 206E6 kPa

DEFL ECTIONS D m a x = -.063 m m @

2 .50 m

.200
2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60
1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

2.80

3.00

3.20

3.40

3.60

3.80

BEN DIN G MOMEN T M m a x = 50 .5 kNm @ 2 .50 m

.600

.800

4.80

5.00

-.005

.400

.600

.800
.200

.400

1.40

2.40

3.40

3.60

4.60
-.010

1.60

2.60

4.80
1.00

1.20

1.80

2.00

2.20

2.80

3.00

3.20

3.80

4.00

4.20

4.40

5.00
5.00
-.015
10 .0
-.020
15 .0
-.025
-.030 20 .0
-.035 25 .0
-.040
30 .0
-.045
35 .0
-.050
-.055 40 .0
-.060 45 .0

Mmax= 50.5KNm
50 .0

Vmax =38.1KN

c) Reinforcement design
- Effective depth of tread: h – 2.5cm = 28.9-2.5 = 26.4cm
- Parameters corresponding on slab :
-
M max 50.5 x1000000
k 2  2  0.0289  0.05
b.d 1000x(264) x25
Fcu
Z  {0.5  (0.25  k / o.9)^1/ 2}d  0.95d

renforcementt section on top bars:

M max 50.5 x1000000 2
AS    460.77mm / m
0.95ZFy 0.95x0.95x264x460

2
Asmin=0.13xbxh/100=0.13x1000x264=375.7mm /m
2
We take 5Ф12/m and As provided is 565.2mm with spacing 150mm in principle direction and
2
We take 5Ø10/m and As provided is 392.5mm spacing 150mm in second direction.