0508 - CS Crossover L Structural Analysis 2016 11 18

büro für leichtbau Tritthardt + Richter
lightweight design Tel.: + 49 (0)7732 - 94089 00
Structural Analysis
Project: 0508 CS Crossover L
Client: Creative Structures B.V.

Gewenten 43 A NL - 4704 RE Roosendaal
Tel.:+31 (0) 16551 - 0777 www.creativestructures.nl
Analysis: büro für leichtbau - Tritthardt + Richter

Westendstr. 3 78315 Radolfzell - Germany
Tel.: +49 - (0) 7732 - 94089-11 www.bfl-tr.com
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0 Content
1. Preface
1.1 Construction
1.2 Computermodel
1.3 Software
1.4 Structural analysis
1.5 Codes
2. Overview Systemgeometry
3. Materials and Members
3.1 Primary structure

3.2 Membrane cover
4. Loads
4.1 General
4.2 Permanent Actions
4.3 Stability
4.4 Installations
4.5 Windloads
4.6 Loadcombinations
5. Discretization and Computermodel
5.1 Discretization computermodel

5.2 Materialparameters
5.3 Cross sections and element stiffness
6. Systemresponse
6.1 Deformations
6.2 Membraneforces
6.3 Forces in cables
6.4 Forces in struts
7. Sectional Forces - Extrema
8. Supportloads
8.1 Pointnumbers of Supportpoints

8.2 Supportloads
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9. Dimensioning
9.1 Aluminium tubes and steel node tubes

9.2 Steelnodes - weldingseams
9.3 Cables
9.4 Bolted joints
9.5 Membrane
9.6 Earth anchoring
9.7 Global equilibrium of structure
9.8 Ballast - systems
10. Signature Page - not included
Appendices - Listings of sectional forces and stresses
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1. Preface
1.1 Construction
Subject of this analysis is a tentstructure suitable for repeated installation and deinstallation
at different places.
A primary structure including aluminiumtubes and steelnodes is stabilized with additional

cables. The basic structure is covered by textile membrane.
The structure has a square footprint but has basically the shape of a cupola
At the sides there are four half-circular openings which have to be closed during upcoming
strong wind. The closing elements have to be always prepared for immediate use.
In time closing of the openings during upcoming strong wind must be guaranteed
Construction: Tent with primary structure
Primary structure: Aluminiumtubes with additional cables
Use: Temporary structure
1.2 Computermodel
The textile membrane cover is repesented by a low-tensioned cable net in the 3D computer
model. Including struts, beam elements and cables the entire structure works as a so called
hybrid structure.
For precise modeling of windloads the membrane surface is subdivided into smaller loadareas
which can be charged with different loadvalues.
All numerical calculations are based on theory III. order considering arbitrary large deformations.
1.3 Software
1.) TECHNET Easy F S C V BM - Release 2016 refer to: www.technet-gmbh.de
Non-linear analysis of forces and deformations in structures
2.) DLUBAL Rstab 8.07 refer to: www.dlubal.de
Postprocessor for calculation and evaluation of stresses and utilization of members
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1.4 Structural Analysis
Subject of analysis:
Primary structure x
Textile membrane covering x
Ground anchoring and ballast for global equilibrium of structure x
1.5 Codes (this structural analysis is based on german standards - incl. Eurocode)
1.5.1 Technical Building Regulations
DIBT : Verzeichnis Eingeführte Technische Baubestimmungen Stand 02/2015
1.5.2 Codes of practise for design, dimensioning and construction [german]
DIN EN 13782 - 2006-05 Fliegende Bauten - Zelte - Sicherheit

(Temporary structures - tents - safety)
Normenausschuss Bauwesen (NABau) - Auslegungen/Erläuterungen zu DIN-EN 13782

"Fliegende Bauten - Zelte - Sicherheit" Stand: Mai 2012
EC 0 DIN-EN 1990:2010-12 + NA Grundlagen der Tragwerksplanung

EC 1 DIN-EN 1991:2010-12 + NA Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke
EC 2 DIN-EN 1992:2010-12 + NA Stahlbetonbauten
EC 3 DIN-EN 1993:2010-12 + NA Stahlbauten
EC 4 DIN-EN 1994:2010-12 + NA Stahl-Beton Verbundbauten
EC 5 DIN-EN 1995:2010-12 + NA Holzbauten
EC 6 DIN-EN 1996:2010-12 + NA Mauerwerksbauten
EC 7 DIN-EN 1997:2010-12 + NA Geotechnik
EC 8 DIN-EN 1998:2010-12 + NA Erdbeben
EC 9 DIN-EN 1999:2010-12 + NA Aluminiumkonstruktionen
1.5.3 Building materials and members
DIN EN 10025 Warmgewalzte Erzeugnisse aus Baustählen

(hot rolled products of mild steel)
1.5.4 Execution
EN 1090 Ausführung von Stahltragwerken und Aluminiumtragwerken

(Execution of steel- and aluminiumstructures)
1090 - 1 Konformitätsnachweisverfahren für tragende Bauteile
1090 - 2 Technische Regeln für die Ausführung von Stahltragwerken
1090 - 3 Technische Regeln für die Ausführung von Aluminiumtragwerken
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2. Overview Systemgeometry
8,3 m
8,3 m
Topview
4,95 m
View B Shown here with non-closed openings at sides
Total height of structure H,max ca. 4,95 [m]
Membranesurface A,mem ca. 156 [m²]

Covered footprint A,proj, ca. 69 [m²]
Selfweight of structure according to manufacturer G ca. 430 [kg]
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11,6 m
View A Shown here with non-closed openings at sides
Isometry
all openings can be closed by add. membrane flaps
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3. Building materials and members also refer to shop drawings
3.1 Primary structure
Tubes Aluminium EN-AW 6082 T6
Nodes Mild steel hot-dip galvanized S 235 JR u. H

S 355 JR u. H
Lugs (special elements) Stainless steel AISI 304 1.4301
Cables round-strand ropes refer to shop drawings
Nuts and bolts refer to shop drawings
3.2 Membrane cover
PVC-coated polyesterfabric Mehler - Valmex Airtex Magic FR
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4. Loads
4.1 General
All actions and loads according to DIN - EN 13782 - chapter 6 " actions on temporary structures"
4.2 Permanent actions
For tentstructures it is possible to evaluate the permanent actions e.g. deadload very precisely
Deadload of members according to manufacturers specifications used as characteristic values
4.2.1 Deadload
Textile membrane covering made of polyester fabric gk = 0,005 [KN/m²]
Primary structure made of aluminium and steel gk = automatically
Deadload is evaluated accurately enough by software
Total selfweight according to manufacturer G = 430 [kg]
4.2.2 Pretension
For analysis purpose a low and homogenous pretension in pk = 0,10 [KN/lfm]

the membrane is considered. warp and weft direction (1:1)
4.3 Stabilityload
For check of structural integrity and stability one loadcase with dummy-load according to
DIN - EN 13782 is considered. This load ist superimposed with deadload only.
Dummy load for check of stability q,st. = 0,10 [KN/m²]
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4.4 Installation loads
For this structure additional loads due to additional rigging installations need to be considered.
On 4 steelnodes at the apex additional pointloads of each 100 kg are considered.
Suitable rigging system have to be used to prevent from asymmetrical loading.
Pointloads due to installations of each 100 kg (equal, symetrical loading mandatory)
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4.5 Windloads
This structure is allowed to be erected at places with v_ref < 28 m/s (acc. EN 1991-1-4)
If the structure should be used at places with higher windvelocity than v_ref = 28 m/s additional
investigations according to local situation have to be executed.
4.5.1 Velocitypressure
According to EN-EN 13782 6.4.2.2 for tens with a span lower than 10m and height < 5m a reduced
velocitypressure of 300 N/m² can be taken into account.
Velocitypressure, reduced h < 5m q,w1 = 0,30 [KN/m²]
4.5.2 Pressure coefficients
The surface of the tent cupola are subdivided into different loadareas for 2 winddirections.
Aerodynamic coefficients are estimated on basis of standard bodies found in literature.
see DIN-EN 1991-1-1 + NA - External Pressure Coefficients for cupolas and roofs (German Eurocode)
Due to tensile membrane loadbearing behaviour local loads are homogenised
In the analysis two wind directions are investigated with cp-values accoring tables next page.
1.) wind 0° orthogonal to one of the closed sidepanels
2.) wind 45° into direcition of axis between two arcbeams
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4.5.3 Windloads
Wind 0°
1 2 3 4
Loadarea Vel-Pressure cp,a Windload

[ # ] [KN/m²] [ / ] [KN/m²]
1 0,3 0,80 0,24
2 0,3 0,47 0,14
3 0,3 -0,80 -0,24
4 0,3 -0,40 -0,12
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1 3 5 6
2
1
Wind 45°
Loadarea Vel-Pressure cp,a Windload

[ # ] [KN/m²] [ / ] [KN/m²]
1 0,3 0,56 0,17
2 0,3 0,80 0,24
3 0,3 0,33 0,10
4 0,3 0,47 0,14
5 0,3 -0,80 -0,24
6 0,3 -0,28 -0,08
7 0,3 -0,40 -0,12
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4.6 Loadcombinations
Basic loadcases are combined according to DIN EN 13782 - temporary structures
Distinction between loadcombinations for investigation of ultimate limit state and

loadcombinations for investigation of global equilibrium (earth anchoring or ballast)
Ultimate Limit State ULS
LS 1 1,35 EG + 1,00 Pretension
LS 2 1,35 EG + 1,00 Pretension + 1,50 Dummy Load
LS 3 1,35 EG + 1,00 Pretension + 1,50 Installationloads
LS 4 1,00 EG + 1,00 Pretension + 1,50 Wind 0°
LS 5 1,00 EG + 1,00 Pretension + 1,50 Wind 30 °
Global Equilibrium (Tilting, Sliding, Uplift)
LS 6 1,00 EG + 1,00 Pretension + 1,20 Wind 0°
LS 7 1,00 EG + 1,00 Pretension + 1,20 Wind 30 °
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5. Discretisation and Computermodel
5.1 Discretisation - Graphics
EASY-BEAM Modell
CHS Ø 90 x 3 EN-AW 6082 T6
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CHS Ø 70 x 3 EN-AW 6082 T6
CHS Ø 82 x 2.6 S 355 JR (Steelnode - Joints for Aluminiumtubes Ø 90 x 3)
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CHS Ø 63 x 2,6 S 355 JR (Steelnode - Joints for Aluminiumtubes Ø 70 x 3)
Cables Ø 5 1x19 1.4401 (Dummy Cross section Ø 4 with A ~ Am)
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5.2 Materialparameters
Mat. Material E‐modul Shearmodul Poissonrat. Spec. Weigth Temp. Coeff. Safety Material

Nr. E [kN/cm2] G [kN/cm2]  [‐]  [kN/m3]  [1/°C] M [‐] Model
1 Aluminium EN‐AW 6082 T6 7000,00 2700,00 0,296 27,00 2,30E‐05 1,100 Standard
2 Mild steel S 355 21000,00 8076,92 0,300 78,50 1,20E‐05 1,000 Standard
3 Membrane 1000 0,05 0,00 0,000 0,01 0,00E+00 1,100 Standard
4 Membrane 2000 0,04 0,00 0,000 0,01 0,00E+00 1,100 Standard
5.3 Cross sections and elementstiffness
QS. Querschnitt Material Trägheitsmomente [cm4] Querschnittsflächen [cm2]

Nr. Bezeichnung [mm] Nr. Torsion IT Biegung Iy Biegung Iz Axial A Schub Ay Schub Az
1 Tube 70/3 1 71,01 35,50 35,50 6,31 3,13 3,13
2 Tube 62/2.6 2 42,88 21,44 21,44 4,85 2,41 2,41
3 Tube 82/2.6 2 102,33 51,16 51,16 6,49 3,22 3,22
4 Tube 90/3 1 155,34 77,67 77,67 8,20 4,07 4,07
5 Cross Section 5 4 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
6 Cross Section 6 3 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
7 Round Bar Ø 4 2 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,13 0,11 0,11
8 Round Bar Ø 4 2 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,13 0,11 0,11
9 Dummy Boundarycable 2 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,11 0,11
Y
X
Rstab - Model for evaluation of calculation results
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6. Graphical illustration of systemresponse
Graphical illustration are suitable to get at quick overview of stress and loadpaths of the
entire structural system.
Display.
6.1 Deformations of primary tube structure.
6.2 Membraneforces (represented by cablenet, see chap. 01)
6.3 Tensile forces in cables
6.4 Compressive forces in struts
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6.1 Deformations
global deformations
LF1: LF_01
Globale Verformungen u
63.3
Y
X
Max u: 63.3, Min u: 0.4 mm

Faktor für Verformungen: 5.00
LF2: LF_02
63.1
Y
X
Max u: 63.1, Min u: 0.3 mm

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LF3: LF_03
Globale deformations
global Verformungen u
68.6
Y
X
Max u: 68.6, Min u: 0.3 mm

LF4: LF_04
63.8
Y
X
Max u: 63.8, Min u: 1.8 mm

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LF5: LF_05
Globale deformations
global Verformungen u
68.5
Y
X
Max u: 68.5, Min u: 0.3 mm

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6.2 Membraneforces
LS 1 1,35 Deadload + 1,0 Pretension
LS_01 describes the basic state after erection - in FEM simulation a membrane with low pretension
LS 2 1,35 Deadload + 1,0 Pretension + 1,5 Dummy load 0,1 KN/m²
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LS 3 1,35 Deadload + 1,0 Pretension + 1,5 Installationloads 4 x 100 kg
LS 4 1,0 Deadload + 1,0 Pretension + 1,5 Wind 0°
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LS 5 1,0 Deadload + 1,0 Pretension + 1,5 Wind 45°
Max. relevant charakteristic membraneforces ca. 8,5 [KN/lfm]
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6.3 Cable forces Loadscenario: LS 1 - 5
EK1: LF6 oder bis LF10

Schnittgrößen N
Ergebniskombinationen: Max- und Min-Werte
Schnittgrößen
N [kN]
14.04
6.50
7.36
12.76 9.59
11.13 6.14 4.34
11.49 7.37 5.91
14.03 4.33
10.21 5.49 5.49
8.93 14.04 4.61 6.50 5.49

5.49
0.06 6.10 5.89 5.35
5.47
7.94 6.39 5.83
8.15
7.66 0.32 6.95 6.06
0.22 0.24
7.70 4.60
6.34
6.38 0.07 0.48
8.13
6.85 4.60
0.11 0.51
5.11 8.13 3.89
7.28
7.36 0.51 3.68
7.94 7.50
3.83 7.37 5.92 5.49 5.38
3.88 7.28
0.45 6.15 5.44 8.02
6.44 4.02 7.50 4.76
2.55 11.129.58
7.00 6.00 4.20
0.69
7.79 6.14 7.44
6.31 Z 4.60
1.28 0.77 4.52 4.68
8.20 6.77 7.20
0.000.77 Y 4.75 4.29
8.20 7.16
7.94 X
Max : 14.04 7.48 4.75
Min : 0.00 7.16
14.04 7.48 4.73
4.38
7.11
4.57
7.93 4.37
8.14
Max N: 14.04, Min N: 0.00 kN
6.4 Sectional Forces Beams - Min/Max Loadscenario: LS 1 - 5

Schnittgrößen N
Schnittgrößen
N [kN]
1.48
-0.58
-2.64
-4.69
-6.75 -21.16
-8.81
1.48
-10.87
-12.93
-14.98
-17.04
-19.10 Z
-21.16
Y
Max : 1.48 X
Min : -21.16
Max N: 1.48, Min N: -21.16 kN
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Schnittgrößen V-y
Schnittgrößen
V y [kN]
1.48
-0.58 1.92
-1.87
-2.64
-4.69
-6.75
-8.81
-10.87
-12.93
-14.98
-17.04
-19.10 Z
-21.16
Y
Max : 1.48 X
Min : -21.16
Max V-y: 1.92, Min V-y: -1.87 kN

Schnittgrößen V-z
Schnittgrößen
V z [kN]
1.48
-0.58
-4.12
-2.64
-4.69
-6.75
-8.81
-10.87 4.12
-12.93
-14.98
-17.04
-19.10 Z
-21.16
Y
Max : 1.48 X
Min : -21.16
Max V-z: 4.12, Min V-z: -4.12 kN
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Schnittgrößen M-T
Schnittgrößen
M T [kN]
-0.40
1.48
-0.58
-2.64
-4.69
0.41
-6.75
-8.81
-10.87
-12.93
-14.98
-17.04
-19.10 Z
-21.16
Y
Max : 1.48 X
Min : -21.16
Max M-T: 0.41, Min M-T: -0.40 kNm

Schnittgrößen M-y
Schnittgrößen
M y [kN]
1.48
-0.58
-2.64 2.11
-4.69
-1.62
-6.75
-8.81
-10.87
-12.93
-14.98
-17.04
-19.10 Z
-21.16
Y
Max : 1.48 X
Min : -21.16
Max M-y: 2.11, Min M-y: -1.62 kNm
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Schnittgrößen
LF9: LS_04 M-z
Ergebniskombinationen:
Schnittgrößen N Max- und Min-Werte
Schnittgrößen
Schnittgrößen
M z[kN]
N [kN]
1.48
9.75
-0.58 1.23
8.87 -1.22
-2.64
7.98 9.75
-4.69
7.09
-6.75
6.21
-8.81
5.32
-10.87
4.43
-12.93
3.55
-14.98 Z
Y
2.66
-17.04
1.77
-19.10 X
Z
0.89
-21.16
Y
Max : 0.00
1.48 X
Min : -21.16
Max : 9.75
Min : 0.00
Max M-z: 1.23, Min M-z: -1.22 kNm

Max N: 9.75, Min N: 0.00 kN
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7. Sectional forces - Extremevalues
Member LS 1 LS 2 LS 3 LS 4 LS 5 relevant Tens./Comp.
Membrane:
Weft ca. 0,10 0,10 0,10 4,30 3,40 4,30 T

Warp ca. 0,10 0,10 0,10 4,30 3,40 4,30 T
Cables:
Boundarycables: 0,10 0,20 0,22 ca. 6 ca 2 0,22 T
Tension cables: 4,66 4,61 5,49 11,14 14,04 14,04 T
Arctubes: Normalforces
Ø 90 x 3 min. -9,12 -10,75 -11,20 -21,16 -6,07 -21,16 C

max. -4,64 -5,46 -4,49 -0,97 1,73 1,73 T
Ø 70 x 3 min. -0,55 -1,04 -0,65 -0,74 -2,06 -2,06 C

max. 0,02 -0,16 0,13 1,48 0,86 1,48 T
-21.16
1.48
Y
X
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8. Supportloads
8.1 Pointnumbers
4
378
Z 3
377
Y
1 X
375
2
376
Pointnumbers RSTAB 375 bis 378
For a more realistic distribution of support

load in loadcases 6 and 7 the horizontal
components Hx and Hy are calculated with
springs including a stiffness of 3000 KN/m
In loadcases 6 and 7 the horizontal forces

lead ot max displacement of 4,3 mm
1
375
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8.2 Supportloads Loadscenario LS 1
LF 6: LS_01
Schnittgrößen N
Lagerreaktionen[kN]
0.86
0.86
Z
0.85
1.44 Y
0.86
X 0.86
0.86
1.44
0.86
0.86
1.44
Max P-Z': -1.44, Min P-Z': -1.44 kN 1.44

Max P-Y': 0.86, Min P-Y': -0.86 kN
Max P-X': 0.86, Min P-X': -0.86 kN
Max N: -, Min N: -
Supportloads: LS_01 1,35 DL + 1,0 Pretension
Node Supportloads [KN] Supportmoments [KNm]

Nr. PX' PY' PZ' MX' MY' MZ'
375 0,86 0,86 ‐1,44 0,00 0,00 0,00
376 ‐0,86 0,86 ‐1,44 0,00 0,00 0,00
377 ‐0,85 ‐0,86 ‐1,44 0,00 0,00 0,00
378 0,86 ‐0,86 ‐1,44 0,00 0,00 0,00
 Forces 0,01 0,00 ‐5,76
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Loadscenario LS 2
LF 7: LS_02
Schnittgrößen N
Lagerreaktionen[kN]
0.34
0.34
Z
0.34
3.67 Y
0.34 0.34
X
0.33
3.67
0.34
0.34
3.67
Max P-Z': -3.67, Min P-Z': -3.67 kN 3.67

Max P-Y': 0.34, Min P-Y': -0.34 kN
Max P-X': 0.34, Min P-X': -0.34 kN
Max N: -, Min N: -
Supportloads: LS_02 1,35 DL + 1,0 Pretension + 1,5 Dummyload 0,1 KN/m²

375 0,41 0,41 ‐3,69 0,00 0,00 0,00
376 ‐0,42 0,42 ‐3,68 0,00 0,00 0,00
377 ‐0,42 ‐0,41 ‐3,69 0,00 0,00 0,00
378 0,42 ‐0,42 ‐3,68 0,00 0,00 0,00
 Forces ‐0,01 0,00 ‐14,74
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Loadscenario LS 3
LF 8: LS_03
Schnittgrößen N
Lagerreaktionen[kN]
0.09
0.10
Z
0.09
2.94 Y
0.09 0.09
X
0.09
2.94
0.09
0.09
2.94
Max P-Z': -2.94, Min P-Z': -2.94 kN 2.94

Max P-Y': 0.09, Min P-Y': -0.10 kN
Max P-X': 0.09, Min P-X': -0.09 kN
Max N: -, Min N: -
Supportloads: LS_03 1,35 DL + 1,0 Pretension. + 1,5 Installationloads 4 x 100kg

375 0,09 0,09 ‐2,94 0,00 0,00 0,00
376 ‐0,09 0,09 ‐2,94 0,00 0,00 0,00
377 ‐0,09 ‐0,09 ‐2,94 0,00 0,00 0,00
378 0,09 ‐0,10 ‐2,94 0,00 0,00 0,00
 Forces 0,00 ‐0,01 ‐11,76
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Loadscenario LS 4
LF 9: LS_04
Schnittgrößen N
Lagerreaktionen[kN]
2.40
13.68
1.41
6.19
Z
2.43
6.83
Y
6.22 4.03
X
13.69
1.37
4.01
6.79
Max P-Z': 2.43, Min P-Z': 1.37 kN

Max P-Y': 6.22, Min P-Y': -6.19 kN
Max P-X': 13.69, Min P-X': -6.83 kN
Max N: -, Min N: -
Supportloads: LS_04 1,0 DL + 1,0 Pretension + 1,5 Wind 0°

375 13,69 6,22 2,43 0,00 0,00 0,00
376 ‐6,79 4,01 1,37 0,00 0,00 0,00
377 ‐6,83 ‐4,03 1,41 0,00 0,00 0,00
378 13,68 ‐6,19 2,40 0,00 0,00 0,00
 Forces 13,75 0,01 7,61
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Loadscenario LS 5
LF 10: LS_05
Schnittgrößen N
Lagerreaktionen[kN]
2.06
8.10
5.14
Z
2.24
Y
9.62
2.23
X
9.63 1.89
2.06
8.09
0.36
5.15
Max P-Z': 2.06, Min P-Z': -1.89 kN

Max P-Y': 9.62, Min P-Y': -5.14 kN
Max P-X': 9.63, Min P-X': -5.15 kN
Max N: -, Min N: -
Supportloads: LS_05 1,0 DL + 1,0 Pretension. + 1,5 Wind 45°

375 9,63 9,62 ‐0,36 0,00 0,00 0,00
376 ‐5,15 8,09 2,06 0,00 0,00 0,00
377 ‐2,24 ‐2,23 ‐1,89 0,00 0,00 0,00
378 8,10 ‐5,14 2,06 0,00 0,00 0,00
 Forces 10,34 10,34 1,87
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Loadscenario LS 6
LF 11: LS_06
Schnittgrößen N
Lagerreaktionen[kN]
1.70
11.53
0.91
5.49
Z
1.73 6.05
Y
5.51 3.64
X
11.54
0.88
3.62
6.02
Max P-Z': 1.73, Min P-Z': 0.88 kN

Max P-Y': 5.51, Min P-Y': -5.49 kN
Max P-X': 11.54, Min P-X': -6.05 kN
Max N: -, Min N: -
Supportloads: LS_06 1,0 EG + 1,0 Vorsp. + 1,2 Wind 0°

375 11,54 5,51 1,73 0,00 0,00 0,00
376 ‐6,02 3,62 0,88 0,00 0,00 0,00
377 ‐6,05 ‐3,64 0,91 0,00 0,00 0,00
378 11,53 ‐5,49 1,70 0,00 0,00 0,00
 Forces 11,00 0,00 5,22
R3 18/11/2016 37/72
Loadscenario LS 7
LF 12: LS_07
Schnittgrößen N
Lagerreaktionen[kN]
1.44
6.81
4.55
Z
2.11
Y
8.13
2.11
X
8.14
1.73
1.44
6.80
0.50
4.56
Max P-Z': 1.44, Min P-Z': -1.73 kN

Max P-Y': 8.13, Min P-Y': -4.55 kN
Max P-X': 8.14, Min P-X': -4.56 kN
Max N: -, Min N: -
Supportloads: LS_07 1,0 EG + 1,0 Vorsp. + 1,2 Wind 45°

375 8,14 8,13 ‐0,50 0,00 0,00 0,00
376 ‐4,56 6,80 1,44 0,00 0,00 0,00
377 ‐2,11 ‐2,11 ‐1,73 0,00 0,00 0,00
378 6,81 ‐4,55 1,44 0,00 0,00 0,00
 Forces 8,28 8,27 0,65
R3 18/11/2016 38/72
9. Dimensioning
9.1 Utilization of aluminium tubes Ø 90 x 3 mm EN-AW 6082 T6
Utilization of aluminium tubes Ø 70 x 3 mm EN-AW 6082 T6
9.2 Steelnodes
Utilization of steel tubes and check of welding seams
9.3 Cables
9.4 Bolted joints
9.5 Membrane
9.6 Pegs
9.7 Ballast
R3 18/11/2016 39/72
9.1 Dimensioning - Utilization Aluminium Tubes EN - AW 6082 T6
ALUMINIUMFA1 Is
Tragfähigkeit: Querschnittsnachweis, Stabilitätsnachweis
Max
Nachweis [-]
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.54
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00 Z
Max : 0.54 X
Min : 0.00
Max Nachweis: 0.54
Aluminiumtubes Ø 90 x 3 S/R 0,54 [ / ]
ALUMINIUMFA1 Is
Tragfähigkeit: Querschnittsnachweis, Stabilitätsnachweis
Max
Nachweis [-]
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.28
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00 Z
Max : 0.28 X
Min : 0.00
Max Nachweis: 0.28
Aluminiumtubes Ø 70 x 3 S/R 0,28 [ / ]
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9.2 Steel nodes steel nodes S 355
9.2.1 Utilization of node tubes
STAHL EC3FA1
Tragfähigkeit: Querschnittsnachweis, Stabilitätsnachweis, Schweißnahtbemessung, Druckbemessung
Max
Nachweis [-]
1.00 0.07
0.12 0.08 0.17
0.90 0.09 0.07
0.07 0.07
0.80 0.29
0.07 0.17
0.36 0.04
0.70 0.12
0.08
0.36
0.08
0.25
0.60 0.36 0.33
0.23 0.05 0.07
0.50 0.07 0.29 0.05
0.36
0.36 0.04
0.40
0.09 0.09 0.06 0.05
0.30
0.06 0.05
0.20 0.07 0.05
Z 0.06
0.10 0.05 0.07 0.04
0.04
0.00 Y 0.03
0.06 X
Max : 0.36 0.06

Min : 0.00
0.04 0.03
0.04 0.03
Max Nachweis: 0.36
steel tube Ø 82 x 6.2 S 355 S/R 0,36 [ / ]
STAHL EC3FA1
Tragfähigkeit: Querschnittsnachweis, Stabilitätsnachweis, Schweißnahtbemessung, Druckbemessung
Max
Nachweis [-]
1.00 0.07
0.09 0.12
0.90 0.03 0.07
0.07
0.12 0.04
0.80
0.01 0.05
0.70
0.01
0.60
0.22 0.04
0.50 0.25
0.02
0.03
0.40
0.32
0.01
0.30 0.01
0.20
Z
0.10 0.02
0.00 Y
0.24
X
Max : 0.32
Min : 0.00
Max Nachweis: 0.32

steel tube Ø 63 x 2.6 S 355 S/R 0,32 [ / ]
R3 18/11/2016 41/72
9.2.2 Welding seams at nodes
IV.
Z
III.
Y
II.
I.
Specification: Nodetype I. to IV. ( other nodes mirrored or equal)
Welding seams are fillet welds with L > Lmin and aw >= 3mm
Example: Welding seams at node IV
R3 18/11/2016 42/72
S 1 Node I. "Base / Footing "
S 1.1 Stress
STAHL EC3FA1
Tragfähigkeit: Querschnittsnachweis
Max
Nachweis [-]
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30 0.05
0.06
0.05
0.20 0.06
0.10 Z 0.04
0.04
0.00 Y 0.03
0.06 X 0.03
Max : 0.06 0.06

0.06
Min : 0.00
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.04
I.
Max Nachweis: 0.06
STAHL EC3FA1
Max
Nachweis [-]
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40 60
61
0.30
186 0.05
0.20
0.06
149
0.10
9 6
0.00
0.05
Max : 0.06 0.06

Min : 0.00
Max Nachweis: 0.06
Relevant Element EL 149 Kn. 9 util. 0,06 [ / ]
R3 18/11/2016 43/72
El Node Length Forces [kN] Moments [kNm]

Nr. Nr. x [m] N Vy Vz MT My Mz LF
149 9 0,000 max N 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
min N ‐12,77 ‐0,11 1,06 0,02 ‐0,24 ‐0,15 LF 9
max Vy ‐5,47 1,03 ‐0,65 ‐0,13 0,08 ‐0,02 LF 7
min Vy ‐12,77 ‐0,11 1,06 0,02 ‐0,24 ‐0,15 LF 9
max Vz ‐12,77 ‐0,11 1,06 0,02 ‐0,24 ‐0,15 LF 9
min Vz ‐5,47 1,03 ‐0,65 ‐0,13 0,08 ‐0,02 LF 7
max MT ‐12,77 ‐0,11 1,06 0,02 ‐0,24 ‐0,15 LF 9
min MT ‐5,47 1,03 ‐0,65 ‐0,13 0,08 ‐0,02 LF 7
max My ‐4,65 0,92 ‐0,63 ‐0,12 0,08 ‐0,03 LF 6
min My ‐12,77 ‐0,11 1,06 0,02 ‐0,24 ‐0,15 LF 9
max Mz 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
min Mz ‐8,92 0,03 0,79 ‐0,06 ‐0,05 ‐0,16 LF 10
61 0,337 max N 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
min N ‐12,75 ‐0,11 1,06 0,02 0,12 ‐0,12 LF 9
max Vy ‐5,44 1,03 ‐0,66 ‐0,13 ‐0,14 ‐0,37 LF 7
min Vy ‐12,75 ‐0,11 1,06 0,02 0,12 ‐0,12 LF 9
max Vz ‐12,75 ‐0,11 1,06 0,02 0,12 ‐0,12 LF 9
min Vz ‐5,44 1,03 ‐0,66 ‐0,13 ‐0,14 ‐0,37 LF 7
max MT ‐12,75 ‐0,11 1,06 0,02 0,12 ‐0,12 LF 9
min MT ‐5,44 1,03 ‐0,66 ‐0,13 ‐0,14 ‐0,37 LF 7
max My ‐8,90 0,03 0,79 ‐0,06 0,22 ‐0,17 LF 10
min My ‐5,44 1,03 ‐0,66 ‐0,13 ‐0,14 ‐0,37 LF 7
max Mz 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
min Mz ‐5,44 1,03 ‐0,66 ‐0,13 ‐0,14 ‐0,37 LF 7
On safe side the max. sectional forces at element boundary (systempoints) are used for check
of welding seams.
S 1.2 Geometry
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S 1.3 Simpilified check of welding seam at node
# circumferential planar welding seam is assumed
# Discontinuity and higher length are neglected
1.) Geometry and statical values of welding seam:
Diameter of tube d1 = 82,0 [mm]
Welding seam [ Filletweld aw = 3mm on tube t=3,3mm ] aw = 2,6 [mm]
Total Ärea of welding  * d1 * Aw Aw 670 [mm²]

Moment of inertia bending Iy/z 618806 [mm4]
Moment of inertia torsion It 1237611 [mm4]
Section modulus bending W y/z 14193 [mm³]
Section modulus torsion Wt 28386 [mm³]
Shear area Av 335 [mm²]
2.) Sectional forces - relative to systempoint
N Vy Vz Mt My Mz
[KN] [KN] [KN] [KNm] [KNm] [KNm]
12,77 1,03 1,06 0,13 0,24 0,16
3.) Stress in weldings
N/Aw + sqrt( My²+ Mz²)/W  = 39,39 [N/mm²]

sqrt(Vy² + Vz²) /Av + Mt/Wt  = 8,993 [N/mm²]
sqrt(² + 3 ²)  vgl. = 42 [N/mm²]
Correlationcoefficient S 235 H w = 0,9 [/]
Tensile strength fu = 470 [N/mm²]
Materialsafty  m2 = 1,25 [ / ]
allowable stress in welding fu / ( w *  m2)  r,d = 417,8 [N/mm²]
max. utilization  vgl. /  r,d = 0,10 < 1,0 OK
 / 0,9*fu/ m2 = 0,12 < 1,0 OK
R3 18/11/2016 45/72
S 2 Node II. " Lower T-connector left + right "
S 2.1 Stress
STAHL EC3FA1
Max
Nachweis [-]
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.22 0.25
0.60
0.50 0.02
0.03
0.40
0.01
0.30
0.01
0.20
0.10
Z 0.02 II.
0.00 0.24
Y
X
Max : 0.06
Min : 0.00
Max Nachweis: 0.25
STAHL EC3FA1
Max
Nachweis [-]
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
58
0.40 245
89
63
90
0.30 239
0.20
0.10
0.00
0.20
0.16
0.25
Max : 0.22 0.06
Min : 0.00
Max Nachweis: 0.25
R3 18/11/2016 46/72

89 245 0,000 max N 1,14 0,26 ‐0,24 0,11 ‐0,11 ‐0,06 LF 9
min N ‐0,16 ‐0,03 ‐0,03 0,00 0,00 ‐0,02 LF 7
max Vy 0,59 0,86 ‐0,60 0,16 ‐0,27 ‐0,34 LF 10
min Vy ‐0,16 ‐0,03 ‐0,03 0,00 0,00 ‐0,02 LF 7
max Vz 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
min Vz 0,59 0,86 ‐0,60 0,16 ‐0,27 ‐0,34 LF 10
max MT 0,59 0,86 ‐0,60 0,16 ‐0,27 ‐0,34 LF 10
min MT 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
max My ‐0,16 ‐0,03 ‐0,03 0,00 0,00 ‐0,02 LF 7
min My 0,59 0,86 ‐0,60 0,16 ‐0,27 ‐0,34 LF 10
max Mz 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
min Mz 0,59 0,86 ‐0,60 0,16 ‐0,27 ‐0,34 LF 10
58 0,144 max N 1,14 0,26 ‐0,25 0,11 ‐0,15 ‐0,10 LF 9
min N ‐0,16 ‐0,03 ‐0,04 0,00 0,00 ‐0,01 LF 7
max Vy 0,59 0,86 ‐0,60 0,16 ‐0,35 ‐0,47 LF 10
min Vy ‐0,16 ‐0,03 ‐0,04 0,00 0,00 ‐0,01 LF 7
max Vz 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
min Vz 0,59 0,86 ‐0,60 0,16 ‐0,35 ‐0,47 LF 10
max MT 0,59 0,86 ‐0,60 0,16 ‐0,35 ‐0,47 LF 10
min MT 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
max My 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
min My 0,59 0,86 ‐0,60 0,16 ‐0,35 ‐0,47 LF 10
max Mz 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
min Mz 0,59 0,86 ‐0,60 0,16 ‐0,35 ‐0,47 LF 10
of welding seams.
S 2.2 Geometry
R3 18/11/2016 47/72

N Vy Vz Mt My Mz
1,14 0,86 0,60 0,16 0,35 0,47

sqrt(² + 3 ²)  vgl. = 75 [N/mm²]
 / 0,9*fu/ m2 = 0,21 < 1,0 OK
R3 18/11/2016 48/72
S 3 Node III. " Upper T-connector left + right "
S 3.1 Stress
STAHL EC3FA1
Max
Nachweis [-]
1.00
0.90 0.04
0.03
0.80 0.04
0.70 0.01 0.05
0.60 0.01
0.50 0.04
0.32
0.40 III.
0.30
0.20
0.10 Z
0.00
Y
X
Max : 0.06
Min : 0.00
Max Nachweis: 0.32
STAHL EC3FA1
Max
Nachweis [-]
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50 32
0.40 258
87
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
0.27 0.32
Max : 0.06
Min : 0.00
Max Nachweis: 0.32
R3 18/11/2016 49/72

87 258 0,000 max N 1,28 ‐1,01 0,15 ‐0,15 ‐0,26 0,56 LF 9
min N ‐0,65 0,18 ‐0,26 0,00 ‐0,01 0,00 LF 7
max Vy ‐0,65 0,18 ‐0,26 0,00 ‐0,01 0,00 LF 7
min Vy 1,28 ‐1,01 0,15 ‐0,15 ‐0,26 0,56 LF 9
max Vz 1,28 ‐1,01 0,15 ‐0,15 ‐0,26 0,56 LF 9
min Vz ‐0,65 0,18 ‐0,26 0,00 ‐0,01 0,00 LF 7
max MT 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
min MT 1,28 ‐1,01 0,15 ‐0,15 ‐0,26 0,56 LF 9
max My 0,11 ‐0,02 0,02 ‐0,01 0,01 0,03 LF 8
min My 1,28 ‐1,01 0,15 ‐0,15 ‐0,26 0,56 LF 9
max Mz 1,28 ‐1,01 0,15 ‐0,15 ‐0,26 0,56 LF 9
min Mz ‐0,65 0,18 ‐0,26 0,00 ‐0,01 0,00 LF 7
32 0,140 max N 1,28 ‐1,01 0,14 ‐0,15 ‐0,24 0,70 LF 9
min N ‐0,65 0,18 ‐0,27 0,00 ‐0,05 ‐0,03 LF 7
max Vy ‐0,65 0,18 ‐0,27 0,00 ‐0,05 ‐0,03 LF 7
min Vy 1,28 ‐1,01 0,14 ‐0,15 ‐0,24 0,70 LF 9
max Vz 1,28 ‐1,01 0,14 ‐0,15 ‐0,24 0,70 LF 9
min Vz ‐0,65 0,18 ‐0,27 0,00 ‐0,05 ‐0,03 LF 7
max MT 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
min MT 1,28 ‐1,01 0,14 ‐0,15 ‐0,24 0,70 LF 9
max My 0,12 ‐0,02 0,01 ‐0,01 0,01 0,03 LF 8
min My 1,28 ‐1,01 0,14 ‐0,15 ‐0,24 0,70 LF 9
max Mz 1,28 ‐1,01 0,14 ‐0,15 ‐0,24 0,70 LF 9
min Mz ‐0,65 0,18 ‐0,27 0,00 ‐0,05 ‐0,03 LF 7
of welding seams.
S 3.2 Geometry
R3 18/11/2016 50/72

N Vy Vz Mt My Mz
1,28 1,01 0,27 0,15 0,24 0,70

sqrt(² + 3 ²)  vgl. = 93 [N/mm²]
 / 0,9*fu/ m2 = 0,27 < 1,0 OK
R3 18/11/2016 51/72
S 4 Node IV. " X-connector "
S 4.1 Stress
STAHL EC3FA1
Max
Nachweis [-]
0.17
0.12
1.00
0.07 0.07
0.90
0.17 0.36
0.80
0.70 IV.
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
Z
0.00
Max : 0.06 X
Min : 0.00
Max Nachweis: 0.36
STAHL EC3FA1
87
53 52 84
110 203
Max 124
204
51
Nachweis
0.06 [-]
0.07 0.05
1.00
0.10
0.15
0.90
0.17 0.17
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
86
0.40
83 115
0.30 127
0.05 35
239 36
0.20 0.05
240 34
0.07
0.10
0.00
Max : 0.06
Min : 0.00
0.36 0.30
0.35
0.30
Max Nachweis: 0.36

R3 18/11/2016 52/72

239 35 0,000 max N 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
min N ‐10,23 ‐0,02 ‐1,86 0,13 1,57 ‐0,25 LF 7
max Vy ‐8,72 0,33 ‐1,96 0,14 1,91 0,15 LF 10
min Vy ‐7,45 ‐0,16 ‐1,15 0,41 1,32 ‐0,46 LF 9
max Vz 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
min Vz ‐9,60 0,25 ‐2,19 0,20 1,89 ‐0,07 LF 8
max MT ‐7,45 ‐0,16 ‐1,15 0,41 1,32 ‐0,46 LF 9
min MT 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
max My ‐8,72 0,33 ‐1,96 0,14 1,91 0,15 LF 10
min My 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
max Mz ‐8,72 0,33 ‐1,96 0,14 1,91 0,15 LF 10
min Mz ‐7,45 ‐0,16 ‐1,15 0,41 1,32 ‐0,46 LF 9
36 0,220 max N 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
min N ‐10,23 ‐0,02 ‐1,87 0,13 1,16 ‐0,25 LF 7
max Vy ‐8,72 0,33 ‐1,97 0,14 1,48 0,07 LF 10
min Vy ‐7,46 ‐0,16 ‐1,16 0,41 1,06 ‐0,42 LF 9
max Vz 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
min Vz ‐9,60 0,25 ‐2,21 0,20 1,41 ‐0,12 LF 8
max MT ‐7,46 ‐0,16 ‐1,16 0,41 1,06 ‐0,42 LF 9
min MT 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
max My ‐8,72 0,33 ‐1,97 0,14 1,48 0,07 LF 10
min My 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
max Mz ‐8,72 0,33 ‐1,97 0,14 1,48 0,07 LF 10
min Mz ‐7,46 ‐0,16 ‐1,16 0,41 1,06 ‐0,42 LF 9
of welding seams.
S 4.2 Geometry
R3 18/11/2016 53/72

N Vy Vz Mt My Mz
10,23 0,33 2,19 0,41 1,91 0,46

sqrt(² + 3 ²)  vgl. = 158 [N/mm²]
 / 0,9*fu/ m2 = 0,45 < 1,0 OK
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9.3 Cables
9.3.1 Tension Cables
EK 1: LF6 oder bis LF10

Schnittgrößen N
Ergebniskombinationen: Max-Werte
Schnittgrößen
N [kN]
6.54
7.44
14.22 10.71
11.46 6.14 4.32
13.32 7.46 5.52
14.20 4.39
12.42 5.50 5.49
11.52 14.22 4.68 6.54

5.49
10.62 8.04 8.71
5.49
9.72 4.60
4.60
8.82
7.44
7.92
7.45
7.02 11.45
6.11 Z 6.13
4.60
5.21 4.38
Y
4.31 X
Max : 14.22
14.21
Min : 4.31
8.03
8.70
Max N: 14.22, Min N: 4.31 kN
For the tension cables of the loadbearing tubestructure stainless steel strand ropes Ø 5 and 6 mm
1 x 19 with 3 different length are used.
Swaged fittings are used on both ends of the cable (Pelican-hooks)
Minimum breaking load of pelican hook M8 for Ø 5 accord. Manufact. MBL = 25 [KN]
Minimum breaking load of cable according Manufacturer Fmin = 29,7 [KN]
Safty coefficient for cables incl. Cable fittings m 2,0 [/]
Max. allowable tensile force in cable with swaged fittings Fmin /  m Rd 14,9 [KN]
Design value of tensile force in cable according to analysis Sd 14,2 [KN]
Check of utiilization of member according to DIN - EN 13782 Sd / Rd = 0,96 [ / ]
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9.3.3 Boundary Cables
EK 1: LF6 oder bis LF10

Schnittgrößen N
Ergebniskombinationen: Max-Werte
Schnittgrößen
N [kN]
10.13
9.21
8.30
7.38
6.06 5.65 5.51
6.35 5.63
6.47 6.77 6.00
0.34 0.11 7.57 6.31
0.24 0.34
5.55 8.69 6.71
0.08 0.63
9.61 7.49
4.64 0.14 0.67
3.91 4.34
0.24 0.67 10.13 3.91
3.72 9.77 8.93
6.09 5.65 5.54 4.14 8.29
0.53 6.41 5.60 10.13
2.81 6.82 4.34 9.17 5.77
0.81 7.62 6.26 4.62

1.89 Z 9.17
8.81 6.70
0.93 5.12 5.42
0.98 7.40 9.10
9.76 Y 5.54
0.93 5.42
0.06 8.12 X
9.75 8.90 5.76
0.91 8.12
Max : 10.13 9.54
Min : 0.06 8.90 5.76
5.54
8.81
5.70
8.77 5.54
Max N: 10.13, Min N: 0.06 kN
Design value of tensile force in cable with highest load at apex without tangential loading.
For the catenary openings of the textile covering round strand ropes Ø 4 mm 1x19 are used.
Fittings at both ends are timbles with swaged clampings
Minimum breaking load according manufacturer: Fmin = 13,2 [KN]
Safety factor for cables incl fittings m 2,0 [/]
Design resistance of cable incl swaged clampings Fmin /  m Rd 6,6 [KN]
Design value of tensile Force according to analysis: Sd ca. 5,5 [KN]
Check of utiilization of member according to DIN - EN 13782 Sd / Rd = 0,83 [ / ]
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9.4 Bolted Joints
At all joints of structural steel nodes bolts with safety (lock) rings are used for transmission of
tensile and torsional forces.
Bendingmoments and compressive forces are transmitted by contact of members.
Bolts used for connection of aluminium tubes Ø 90 x 3 with steel nodes
DIN 1444 Ø 10 [mm] L 100 [mm] S 235
incl. Safety ring against accidential loosening of connection
Bolts used for connection of aluminium tubes Ø 70 x 3 with steel nodes
DIN 1444 Ø 10 [mm] L 80 [mm] S 235
incl. Safety ring against accidential loosening of connection
Bolts are guided by tubular sleeve inside the tubes
Due to low action no detailed calculations and check of this member necessary here.
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9.5 Check of structural safety of technical textiles DIN-EN 13782
9.5.1 Textile
Manufacturer MEHLER
Product VALMEX AIRTEX magic FR
Type PVC coated polyester fabric
Selfweight Gk = 330 [g/m²]
Testresult according to manufacturers documentation (fabric failure at 23°)
Test 1 50 mm strip with 40 mm HF welding = 1389 [N/5cm]

mean value of n tests f tm = 1318 [N/5cm]
Statistical reduction factor due to low number of tests = 0,8 [/]
Characteristic tensile strength for short term monoaxial test at 23° f tk = 53 [KN/lfm]
9.5.2 Safety coefficients for materials and HF-welding seams Tab: 4 Prod. EN 10204:2004 2.2
Material Permanent load m,1 = 2,5 [/]

Short term load m,2 = 2,5 [/]
Snow m,3 = 2,5 [/]
Weldings Permanent load m,4 = 15 [/]

(2. Category) Short term load m,5 = 6 [/]
Snow m,6 = 6 [/]
9.5.3 Design value for resistance of textile and welding seams
Basematerial Permanent load fd,1 = 21,1 [KN/lfm]

Short term load fd,2 = 21,1 [KN/lfm]
Snow fd,3 = 21,1 [KN/lfm]
Weldings Permanent load fd,4 = 3,5 [KN/lfm]

Short term load fd,5 = 8,8 [KN/lfm]
Snow fd,6 = 8,8 [KN/lfm]
9.5.4 Check Basematerial and welding seams
Permanent K/S Sd 0,10 [KN/lfm] (DL+ PT.) Sd / fd,4 = 0,03 [ / ]
Short term K/S Sd 4,3 [KN/lfm] (DL + PT + Wind) Sd / fd,5 = 0,49 [ / ]
Snow -/-
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9.6 Analysis EN 13782:2005 Kap. 8 Earth anchors for temporary structures
9.6.1 Max. anchoring force Zres out of Rstab loadcombination (incl. G,f)
Node Nr. 375 LS 6 Fx,d = 11,5 [KN]

Fy,d = 5,5 [KN]
Horizontal component of anchoring force Zh,d = 12,7 [KN]
max. vertical component of anchoring force (up Positive value) Fv,d = 1,7 [KN]
Design value of anchoring force : sqrt(Fhoriz²+Fz²) = Z,d = 12,9 [KN]
Angle of resultant force against vertical  = 82,4 [ ° ]
9.6.2 Loadbearing capacity of standard earth anchors
Ø Length
Earth anchor d= 3,5 x 120 [cm]
Stick out of earth anchor t = 12 [cm]
Anchoring depth L' = 108 [cm]
Anchoring angle  = 90 [°]
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9.6.5 Suitable number of earth anchors
For compact noncohesive soils Zx() = ((17-6,5) / 45) *  + 6,5 = 17 [/]
Design value of capacity of each anchor Zd,1 = Zu/,m = Zx()*d*L' = 6,4 [KN]
Necessary number of anchors Zres < n * Zd,1 -- > n = 2 [Pcs.]
Remarks:
- soil consistency must be checked by responsible person before erection
- anchors need to have a min anchoring depth of 80 cm
- loads should act closest possible to soil surface
- anchoring angle should be 90° (orthogonal)
On soil with suitable loadbearing capacity use 2 anchors with L=120 cm Ø 35 mm at each basepoint
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9.7 Global Equilibrium Check of horizontal sliding accord. EN 13782:2005
9.7.1 Ballast
Instead of anchoring with earth anchors the global equilibrium can be provided by means of ballast
Relevant loadcombinations LS_06 and LS_07 are used for analysis in this case.
Safty factors according to DIN - EN 13782 Tab. 2
9.7.2 Coordinates of bearing points (World coordinate sytem)
378 377
Z X
375 376
Node Bezugs‐ Coord‐ Nodecoordinates Support or Spring [kN/m] Beam

Nr. knoten system X [m] Y [m] Z [m] uX' uY' uZ' Node ‐ Nr.
266 0 Kartesisch -4,01 -4,01 0,00 3000 3000 + 99000153
267 0 Kartesisch 4,01 -4,01 0,00 3000 3000 + 99000160
268 0 Kartesisch 4,01 4,01 0,00 3000 3000 + 99000164
269 0 Kartesisch -4,01 4,01 0,00 3000 3000 + 99000165
Ballast at each Basepoint: 590 [kg] Pz,i = ‐5,90 [KN]
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9.7.3 Check of sliding N > H
For check of sliding one can show that an equally distributed load on all six bearing points of the
structure can gain global equilibrium with horizontal wind action.
Hres = sgrt(Px²+ Py²) durch m * Pz,RES das
It is assumed that the membrane homogenizes local loads. The continous connection of membrane
and primary structure as inevitably used in the computer model is conservative.
Friction coefficient
To enhance friction EVERS RHM-08 anti-slip mats are used
Friction coefficient of anti slip mats according data sheet  >= 0,6 [/]
Node Supportloads [kN] Ballast

Nr. PX' PY' PZ' Pz,bal.
375 11,54 5,51 1,73 ‐5,90
376 -6,02 3,62 0,88 ‐5,90
LS_06 377 -6,05 -3,64 0,91 ‐5,90
378 11,53 -5,49 1,70 ‐5,90
 11,00 0,00 5,22 ‐23,60
Destabilising action Res H = sqrt(  Px ² +  Py²) 11,00 [KN]
Stabilising resistance  Pz +  Pz,bal) *  ‐11,03 [KN]
Check of sliding N > H Dest.+Stab < 0 ‐0,03 < 0 OK
Node Supportloads [kN] Ballast

Nr. PX' PY' PZ' Pz,bal.
375 8,14 8,13 -0,50 ‐5,90
376 -4,56 6,80 1,44 ‐5,90
LS_07 377 -2,11 -2,11 -1,73 ‐5,90
378 6,81 -4,55 1,44 ‐5,90
 8,28 8,27 0,65 ‐23,60
Destabilising action Res H = sqrt(  Px ² +  Py²) 11,70 [KN]
Stabilising resistance  Pz +  Pz,bal) *  ‐13,77 [KN]
Check of sliding N > H Dest.+Stab < 0 ‐2,07 < 0 OK
The vertical resultant Pz,RES of uplift, deadload and ballast can gain horizontal equilibrium of
max. Pz,RES * r
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9.7.5 Array of several Hexadome L structures
In case of arrays with more than one Crossover L like shown in the following scheme two, three
or four basepoints of adjacent structures share ballast loadings.
Due to a different aerodynamic situation a linear increase of ballast is too conservative.

For multiple basepoint 200 % ballast is used.
Used ballast for different situations like given:
A Single bearing Basic ballast according to detailed analysis 590 [kg]
B Double bearing Factor 2,0 (see remarks above) 1180 [kg]
C Triple bearing Factor 2,0 (see remarks above) 1180 [kg]
D Quadruple bearing Factor 2,0 (see remarks above) 1180 [kg]
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9.7.5 Combined Erection
If one or more Hexadome L structures in combination wiith Crossover L structures will be erected
according to the sceme below two or three basepoints of adjacent domes share ballast.
Crossover L Hexadome L
Basepoints Basepoints
1 0 (see Analysis X-over L) 590 [kg]
1 1 (1500 kg + 590 kg) 2090 [kg]
2 1 (1500 kg + 2 x 590 kg) 2680 [kg]
1 2 (see Analysis Hexadome L) 3000 [kg]
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9.8 Ballast-System
9.8.1 Concept
For ballasting purpose each basepoint can be equipped with a mountable steel-frame configuration
On each steel frame one can stack concrete slabs up to max. tonnage of 1000 kg
Baseplates of each structure are attached to a connector plate by means of a bolted connection.
Depending on type and number of structures there are various ballast configurations.
Ballast-System (1500 kg) Example: Configuration with one single HDL
Ballast-System (max. 3000 kg) Example: More than one structure
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9.8.2 Configurations
For different configurations the ballast systems are equipped with different connectors on which
the baseplates of each tent are mounted.
Ballastconfiguration for Crossover L/M und Hexadome M
Configuration 1 - single baseplate Crossover M, L or Hexadome M
Configuration 2 - more than one baseplates for Crossover M, L
Configuration 3 - combined structures with at least one Hexadome M baseplate
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Ballastconfiguration for Hexadome L
Configuration 4 - combined structures with more than one baseplate of Hexadome L
Configuration 5 - single baseplate of Hexadome L
For necessary amount of ballast (number of concrete slabs) refer to 9.7.4 and 9.7.5
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9.8.3 Members of ballast frames for different configurations
Configuration 1 - Single baseplate of Crossover M, L or Hexadome M
Configuration 2 - more than one baseplate for Crossover M, L
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Configuration 3 - combined structures with at least one Hexadome M baseplate
For configuration 4 and 5 the frames CS-0574 are used also but the baseplate connectors come with
additional stiffeners and reinforced members.
Reinforced connector elements CS 601 and 602 for configuration 4 and 5 with Hexadome L
For check of reinforced conntectors see strctural analysis Hexadome L
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9.8.4 Ballastframe CS 0574
90 x 50 x 5 S
235
50 x 30 x 3 S
235
Steelprofiles of ballastframe CS 0574
LF1: Nutzlast
Belastung [kN/m]
Lagerreaktionen[kN]
3.750
3.750
7.500
3.750 7.500
7.500
3.750
3.750
3.750 7.500 3.750
3.750 7.500 3.750
Z
7.500
Y
X
3.750
3.750
3.750
8.4 15.66
Max P-Z': -15.66, Min P-Z': -15.66 kN

Max P-Y': 0.00, Min P-Y': 0.00 kN
Max P-X': 0.00, Min P-X': 0.00 kN
Max u: 8.4, Min u: 0.0 mm
Max. Ballast 2 x 750 kg for configuration 1 with connector "Straight CS-0575"
STAHL EC3 FA1 Isometrie

0.01
0.04
Max
Nachweis [-]
0.01
0.05
1.00
0.90
0.40
0.04
0.80 0.63
0.26 0.36 0.84
0.70 0.42
0.60 0.01
0.63 0.05
0.50 Z
Y
0.01
0.40
0.04 0.36 0.04
0.30 0.01 X
0.26
0.20 0.05
0.01
0.10
0.42 0.04
0.00
100 x 60 x 4 0.40
Max : 0.84
Min : 0.00 S 235
0.05
0.01
0.04
0.01
Max Nachweis: 0.84
Utilization of Steelmembers
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LF 1: Nutzlast
Belastung [kN/m]
Lagerreaktionen[kN]
1.475
1.475
1.475
1.475 2.950
2.950 1.475 1.475
2.950
2.950
2.950
2.950 1.475
1.475 1.475
1.475 1.475
1.475 Z
Y 1.475
1.475 1.475
X
1.475 2.950 1.475
2.950
1.475 2.950
2.950
2.950
2.950
1.475 1.475
1.475
1.475
1.475
1.475
12.86
Max P-Z': -12.86, Min P-Z': -12.86 kN
Max. Ballast 4 x 295 kg for configuration 2 with connector "Perpendicular CS-0576"
STAHL EC3 FA1

Max
Nachweis [-]
1.00
0.02
0.90 0.02
0.17
0.80 0.02 0.02
0.17 0.02
0.70 0.02
0.17
0.17 0.11 0.15
0.60 0.11 0.02
0.26
0.02 0.15
0.50 Z 0.45
0.45 0.02
0.26
0.40 0.02 Y
0.30
X
0.02
0.20 0.02
0.26
0.45
0.45
0.10 0.02
0.15
0.10 0.26
0.02 0.15 0.11
0.00 0.17
0.17
0.02
0.02 0.02 0.17
Max : 0.45 0.02
0.17
Min : 0.00
0.02
0.02
100 x 60 x 4
Max Nachweis: 0.45
S 235
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LF 1: Nutzlast
Belastung [kN/m]
Lagerreaktionen[kN] 2.450
4.900
2.450
4.900 2.450
2.450
4.900 2.450
2.450
2.450
2.450
2.450 Z
Y
4.900
4.900 X
4.900
2.450
2.450
4.900
2.450
2.450 4.900
2.450
2.450
4.900
2.450
2.450
2.450
15.53
Max P-Z': -15.53, Min P-Z': -15.53 kN

Max P-Y': 0.00, Min P-Y': 0.00 kN
Max P-X': 0.00, Min P-X': 0.00 kN
Max. ballast 3 x 490 kg for configuration 3 with connector "Adjustable Angle CS-0577"
STAHL EC3 FA1

Max
Nachweis [-]
0.03 0.26
0.01
1.00
0.03 0.03
0.90 0.03 0.28 0.01
0.01
0.80
0.03
0.70 0.24 0.01
0.60 0.81
0.01 0.52
Z
0.50 0.01 0.03
0.52 Y
0.03
0.40 X
0.24
0.17
0.30 0.81
0.03
0.28
0.20 0.81
0.26 0.03
0.10 0.52
0.03
0.03 0.24 0.17
0.00 0.28
0.03 0.01
0.01
0.03
0.01 0.03 0.26
Max : 0.81
Min : 0.00
0.01 0.03
100 x 60 x 4
S 235
Max Nachweis: 0.81
Utilization of steelmembers
Each baseplate of a structure is mounted with 4 bolts M 12 grade 8.8 on the connector
Bolted connection 4 pcs. M 12 8.8 Total capacity with 4 bolts
M 12 8.8 Va,r,d = 36,8 [KN] Shear (horizontal) 147 [KN]
M 12 8.8 Nr,d = 49,0 [KN] Uplift (vertical) 196 [KN]
load application is approved - detailed check not shown here
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0508 - CS Crossover L Structural Analysis 2016 11 18

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büro für leichtbau Tritthardt + Richter

lightweight design Tel.: + 49 (0)7732 - 94089 00

Project: 0508 CS Crossover L

Client: Creative Structures B.V.

Analysis: büro für leichtbau - Tritthardt + Richter

3. Materials and Members

3.1 Primary structure

5. Discretization and Computermodel

5.1 Discretization computermodel

7. Sectional Forces - Extrema

8.1 Pointnumbers of Supportpoints

9.1 Aluminium tubes and steel node tubes

10. Signature Page - not included

Appendices - Listings of sectional forces and stresses

A primary structure including aluminiumtubes and steelnodes is stabilized with additional

Construction: Tent with primary structure

Primary structure: Aluminiumtubes with additional cables

Use: Temporary structure

1.) TECHNET Easy F S C V BM - Release 2016 refer to: www.technet-gmbh.de

Non-linear analysis of forces and deformations in structures

2.) DLUBAL Rstab 8.07 refer to: www.dlubal.de

Postprocessor for calculation and evaluation of stresses and utilization of members

1.4 Structural Analysis

1.5.1 Technical Building Regulations

DIBT : Verzeichnis Eingeführte Technische Baubestimmungen Stand 02/2015

1.5.2 Codes of practise for design, dimensioning and construction [german]

DIN EN 13782 - 2006-05 Fliegende Bauten - Zelte - Sicherheit

Normenausschuss Bauwesen (NABau) - Auslegungen/Erläuterungen zu DIN-EN 13782

EC 0 DIN-EN 1990:2010-12 + NA Grundlagen der Tragwerksplanung

1.5.3 Building materials and members

DIN EN 10025 Warmgewalzte Erzeugnisse aus Baustählen

EN 1090 Ausführung von Stahltragwerken und Aluminiumtragwerken

View B Shown here with non-closed openings at sides

Total height of structure H,max ca. 4,95 [m]

Membranesurface A,mem ca. 156 [m²]

Selfweight of structure according to manufacturer G ca. 430 [kg]

View A Shown here with non-closed openings at sides

3. Building materials and members also refer to shop drawings

3.1 Primary structure

Tubes Aluminium EN-AW 6082 T6

Nodes Mild steel hot-dip galvanized S 235 JR u. H

Lugs (special elements) Stainless steel AISI 304 1.4301

Cables round-strand ropes refer to shop drawings

Nuts and bolts refer to shop drawings

3.2 Membrane cover

PVC-coated polyesterfabric Mehler - Valmex Airtex Magic FR

4.2 Permanent actions

Deadload of members according to manufacturers specifications used as characteristic values

Textile membrane covering made of polyester fabric gk = 0,005 [KN/m²]

Primary structure made of aluminium and steel gk = automatically

Deadload is evaluated accurately enough by software

Total selfweight according to manufacturer G = 430 [kg]

For analysis purpose a low and homogenous pretension in pk = 0,10 [KN/lfm]

Dummy load for check of stability q,st. = 0,10 [KN/m²]

4.4 Installation loads

Pointloads due to installations of each 100 kg (equal, symetrical loading mandatory)

Velocitypressure, reduced h < 5m q,w1 = 0,30 [KN/m²]

4.5.2 Pressure coefficients

Due to tensile membrane loadbearing behaviour local loads are homogenised

1.) wind 0° orthogonal to one of the closed sidepanels

2.) wind 45° into direcition of axis between two arcbeams

Loadarea Vel-Pressure cp,a Windload

Loadarea Vel-Pressure cp,a Windload