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Science
Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Carbon Compounds
General Classes and Its Uses
Science – 9
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 2 – Module 4: Carbon Compounds
First Edition, 2020

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Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as
you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This
will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module, or if you need to ask
your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson.
At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will
be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided
to the facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help
you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this
SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Read the
instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks
in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here
to help you master the Learning Competency for Quarter 2, Week 6. The competency
is to recognize the general classes and uses of carbon compounds.

The main topic is on the general classes of carbon compounds and its uses.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons
are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which
you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into four lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 General Classes of Carbon Compounds

• Lesson 2 Uses of Carbon Compounds
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Recognize the general classes of carbon compounds;

2. Identify the functional group of each classes;
3. Name simple carbon compounds according to their classes;
4. Identify common uses of carbon compounds.

What I Know

Direction: Read each statement and choose the best answer. Write the letter of your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is formed when carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol and usually used as
artificial flavorings and fragrances.
a. alcohols
b. amines
c. esters
d. ethers
2. One of the functional groups involve only carbon-carbon double bonds. What
is this group called?
a. aldehydes
b. alkanes
c. alkenes
d. alkynes
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3. Which element may appear in hydrocarbons?
a. chlorine
b. nitrogen
c. oxygen
d. none of these
4. A solvent used mainly to clean glassware since it dissolves things that soap
and water cannot. It is sometimes used as an active ingredient in nail polish
remover.
a. acetone
b. butane
c. formalin
d. methanol
5. Which of the following contains triple bond?
a. butane
b. ethene
c. methyl
d. propanol
6. Which of the following functional groups do not have a carbonyl group?
a. amines
b. aldehydes
c. carboxylic acids
d. hydrocarbons
7. This is a polar solvent and also the intoxicating chemical compound in vodka,
rum wine and beer.
a. ethanol
b. isopropanol
c. methanol
d. propanol
8. A molecule containing the unit R-O-R is known as:
a. amide
b. ester
c. ether
d. ketone
9. Which of the following group of compounds is hydrocarbon?
a. methyl, butane, ethene
b. decane, glycerol, formic acid
c. methanoic acid, acetone, propane
d. acetaldehyde, propanol, methylamine
10. In order to stay away from catching diseases, Daniel always brings with him
alcohol for disinfectant. Which type of alcohol should he use?
a. Butanol
b. Ethanol
c. Isopropanol
d. Methanol

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 General Classes and Uses of Carbon
Compounds

This module presents general classes organic compounds. It also includes the
uses of each class to our day-to-day activity.

What’s In

Carbon, a nonmetal and belongs to Family IVA has four valence electrons that
are capable to bind with other elements, forming a covalent bond. Aside from that,
Carbon has the ability to make many types of arrangement: single bond, double bond
and triple bond.
Natural carbon compounds refer to those that are produced by plants and
animals. On the other hand, synthetic carbon compounds are artificially made and
produced in laboratories.
Let us now review the lessons on identifying carbon compounds commonly
found in your home in Activity 1.
Activity 1: Identifying products with carbon compounds
In this activity, you will identify if the given product has a carbon compound or
not. Write Yes if it has and No if not.

Product Contains Carbon Product Contains

Compound Carbon
Compound
(Yes or No)
(Yes or No)
1. Salt 6. Ethyl alcohol

2. Sugar 7. Muriatic acid

3. Water 8. Liquefied Petroleum Gas

4. Kerosene 9. Vitamins

5. Baking 10. Rice

Powder

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 What’s New

Carbon compounds have specific classes that depends on their

structure and components. The next activity will help you recognize the different
general classes.

Activity 1: Hydrocarbons
Study the Table 1 to 3 then answer the questions that follow.

Table 1. Alkanes
Name Phase Condensed Structural Formula Boiling
Point (0C)
Methane Gas CH4 -162
Ethane Gas CH3 CH3 -89
Propane Gas CH3 CH2 CH3 -42
Butane Gas CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 -0.5
Pentane Liquid CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 36
Hexane Liquid CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 69
Heptane Liquid CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 98
Octane Liquid CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 126
Source: Science Grade 9 Learner's Module First Edition

Table 2. Alkenes
Name Phase Condensed Structural Boiling
Formula Point (0C)

Ethene Gas CH2 = CH2 -104

Propene Gas CH2 = CH CH3 -47
1- Butene Gas CH2 = CH CH2 CH3 -6
1- Pentene Liquid CH2 = CH CH2 CH2 CH3 30
1- Hexene Liquid CH2 = CH CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 63
Source: Science Grade 9 Learner's Module First Edition

Table 3. Alkynes
Name Phase Condensed Structural Formula Boiling
Point (0C)
Ethyne Gas C2H2 -84
Pentyne Liquid HC = C CH2 CH2 CH3 40.2
Source: Science Grade 9 Learner's Module First Edition
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Questions:

1. What are the types of bonds present in:

a. Alkanes? __________________________________________________________
b. Alkenes? ___________________________________________________________
c. Alkynes? ___________________________________________________________

2. Using the table 1 to 3, what pattern do you observe in terms of the phase,
number of carbon atoms, structure and boiling point of alkanes, alkenes and
alkynes? Explain the patterns you observe.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Why do you think some hydrocarbons are liquid and others are gases?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2: Carbon compounds containing Hydroxyl group

Look for a product that contains alcohol in your home. Read the labels of each
product. Complete the table below by writing the names of the products, alcohol
compounds found in the product, percentage or amount of alcohol and its uses.

Table 4: Alcohol and Uses

Name of Name of Percent or Uses Potable Flammable
Products Alcohol/s amount of or not or not
present in alcohol in
the product the
product

Questions:

1. What are the common products that contain alcohol?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Why some alcohols are potable, some are not?

_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

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 3. What makes alcohol flammable?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4. Why are these alcohols important?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Activity 3: Amines and Amides

Below are some of the structural formula of amines and amides. Study it carefully
and answer the questions that follow.

Questions:

1. What are the common elements found in both amine and amide?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Based on the example given, how these two elements were name?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Cite the differences of methylamine and Ethanamide?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 What is It

In this section, the general classes of carbon compounds will be introduced as well
as what its functional groups, how to name it and its uses.

Hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen
only. Hydrocarbons are group into alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.

Hydrocarbon Suffix Formula Type

Example

Name Formula

Alkanes -ane CnH2n+2 Ethane CH3 - CH3

Alkenes -ene CnH2n Ethene CH2 = CH2

Alkynes -yne CnH2n-2 Ethyne HC ≡ HC

A. Alkanes
Alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain a single bond. Alkanes have the
general formula of CnH2n+2, where n is the number of carbon atoms.

Example:
Ethane has 2 Carbon atoms
C2H2(2)+2 = CH6
Therefore, Ethane has the
molecular formula of CH6

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 In naming alkanes, the following prefixes are used plus –ane at the end of the parent
chain.

Number of Carbon Atoms Prefixes

1 Meth-
2 Eth-
3 Prop-
4 But-
5 Pent-
6 Hex-
7 Hept-
8 Oct-
9 Non-
10 Dec-

B. Alkenes
Alkenes are hydrocarbons that have double bonds. It has a general formula
of CnH2n. To name an alkene, suffixed -ene to the name of the parent chain.

Examples:
Ethene has 2 Carbon atoms

C2H 2(2) = C 2H4

So Ethene has the molecular
formula of C2H4

C. Alkynes
Alkynes are hydrocarbons that have triple bonds. It has a general formula of
CnH2n-2. To name an alkyne, suffixed -yne to the name of the parent chain.

Example:

Ethyne has 2 Carbon atoms

C2H2(2)-2 = C2H2
Therefore, Ethyne has the
molecular formula of C2H4

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Compounds Containing Oxygen

A. Alcohols
Alcohols are group of organic compounds that contain hydroxyl group (-OH)
bonded to a carbon atom. Its general formula is R-OH where R is an alkyl group.
Alcohols get their names by appending the suffix –ol to the hydrocarbon. For
example, ethane becomes ethanol.

They are mainly used as disinfectant, fuel and main component of liquor and
other alcoholic drinks.
B. Ethers
Ethers are organic compounds in which two hydrocarbons groups are bonded
to the same atom of oxygen. The general formula of ether is R-O-R where R may
be the same hydrocarbon group as R or a different one.
Ethers are named by counting and identifying the organic groups (R), then
adding the word -ether. For example, diethyl ether, diethyl accounts for the two
ethyl groups.

C. Esters
Esters are derived from carboxylic acids in which hydrogen of hydroxyl group
has been replaced by an alkyl group. General formula of ester is R-COO-R, where
R can be hydrogen or hydrocarbon group.
In naming esters, give first the name of the alkyl group attached to oxygen, then
identify the carboxylic acid. So, the –ic end of acid is replaced by –ate.

Esters are responsible of the sweet smells of fruits. That is the reason why it is
commonly used as flavoring of foods and beverages.

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D. Aldehydes
Aldehydes have carboxyl functional group, C=O. The substituents of
aldehydes are R and H. Its general formula is R –CHO.
Aldehydes derive their name from dehydration of alcohol. They are named by
replacing the terminal –e of the corresponding alkane name with –al.

Some common odor and flavors came from aldehydes. It is also used in
starting polymer industry and preservation of animal specimen.

E. Ketones
Like aldehydes, ketones have also carboxyl functional group, C=O. The only
difference, ketones have substituents are both R groups. General formula is
RCO-R’.
Ketones take their names from their parent alkane chains. The ending –e is
removed and replaced with –one. For example, propane becomes propanone.

They are less reactive than aldehydes. Common example is acetone

(propanone), which is used in removing nail polish.
Aldehydes and Ketones known for their sweet and pungent odors, that is why
they are often found in perfumes.

F. Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic acids contain the carboxyl function group. The general formula is
R-COOH
Simple carboxylic acids are named by replacing the terminal –e of the alkane
name with –oic acid. Example is ethanoic acid (acid in vinegar).

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Compounds Containing Nitrogen

A. Amines
Amines have a general formula of R-NH2. It can be named by alphabetically
linking the names of alkyl bonded to the nitrogen and by attaching the suffix –amine.
Here are some of the examples.

B. Amides
Amides have a general formula of R-CONH2. The –OH part of a carboxylic acid
is replaced by –NH2 group.
Naming of amides can be done by changing the ending of a corresponding
carboxylic acid from –ic or –oic to -amide.
Examples are methanamide and ethanamide.

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 What’s More

Carbon compounds play a vital role in your daily activities. It is found in your
foods, flavors, fragrances, medicines, cosmetics, plastics, paints, glues, adhesives
and in your body.
In this section, you will identify different carbon compounds and its
application and uses.

Activity 1: Carbon compounds in my daily life.

Read each statement carefully and choose your answer from the choices given.
Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on your answer sheet.
Then, decode the statement below using the letter of your answer in each
number.

Choices

A. Acetic Acid J. Cortisone S. Methanol

B. Acetone K. Ethanol T. Methyl butanoate

C. Acetylene L. Ethene U. Morphine

D. Benzaldehyde M. Formaldehyde V. Petroleum

E. Butane N. Formic acid W. Polyesters

F. Butanone O. Isopropanol X. Progesterone

G. Caffeine P. Kevlar Y. Serotonin

H. Cinnamaldehyde Q. Lactic acid Z. Testosterone

I. Citral R. Liquefied Petroleum

Gas

________ 1. It is an alkene at the same time a plant hormone that is use to synthesize
plastics and commercial alcohols.
________ 2. A female sex hormone
________ 3. A hydrocarbon and commonly known as crude oil, formed through the
gradual decay of ocean-dwelling animals and plants.
________ 4. The only alcohol that human can safely drink and found mostly in beers
and wines.
________ 5. It is the chemical name for rubbing alcohol, which we use for cleaning
and disinfecting.
________ 6. This type of alcohol is a component in fuel of cars and boats and also
used to manufacture antifreeze, paint remover and many more products.
________ 7. An example of aldehyde that is used in preserving biological specimens.

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________ 8. Another example of aldehyde that is used in perfumes, cosmetic products
and also used as a bee repellent.
________ 9. Commonly used as nail remover and paint thinner.
________ 10.
A naturally occurring ketone produce by adrenals.
________ 11.
It is the male sex hormone.
________ 12.
A carboxylic acid found in milk products.
________ 13.
The simplest carboxylic acid that is used as disinfectant and can be an
acid reducing agent.
________ 14. An aldehyde found in lemongrass
________ 15. An alkane that is liquid at low pressure and primarily used as fuel in
small lighters.
________ 16. An example of esters that is used to make plastics.
________ 17. It is used in textile, varnishes and paint remover production. It is also
known as methyl ethyl ketone.
________ 18. An important amine that functions as one of primary neurotransmitters
for the brain. It controls feelings of hunger and regulates sleeping and
waking-up cycles.
________ 19. This chemical compound occurs naturally in tea and coffee and is
popular additive to soft drinks.
________ 20. Carboxylic acid found in vinegar
________ 21. Simplest and smallest alkyne used for welding and cutting.
________ 22. It is an ester that produces the smell and taste of apple and pineapples.
________ 23. Mixture of flammable hydrogen gases used as fuel for cooking.
________ 24. It is commonly used as analgesics or medicine that relieve pain.
________ 25. A super strong plastic than when used in a woven material, it is suitable
for bulletproof vests and underwater applications.
________ 26. An aldehyde found in cinnamon and used in the flavor and perfume
industry.

It is also the other term for Carbon Compounds.

21 20 23 9 5 13 21 5 7 25 5 24 13 8 6

20 23 15 20 1 6 5 23 15 17 15 23 23 15 8 20 6

5 23 19 20 13 14 21 21 5 7 25 5 24 13 8 6

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 What I Have Learned
Now that you have learned a lot from the very start of our module,
let us summarize the lesson by completing the concept box.
. Organic Compound

are classified by functional groups

Hydrocarbon Compounds containing Compounds containing

oxygen nitrogen

What I Can Do

Job well done! You are close to the finish. It is time to put those learning into
application.
Illustrate specific scenario in your home that show how organic compounds /can be
beneficial and harmful to human.

Harmful
Beneficial

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 Assessment

Directions: Read each statement and choose the best answer. Write
the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Alkynes contain hydrogen and carbon atoms with which of the following
bonds connecting the carbon atoms together?
a. single
b. double
c. triple
d. all of the above
2. Which of these substances is a plant hormone that triggers fruit ripening?
a. benzene
b. ethane
c. ethylene
d. methane
3. Which pair of compounds contain carbonyl group?
a. Esters and Ethers
b. Amides and Alkanes
c. Aldehydes and Ketones
d. Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
4. Maria decided to change the color of her nail polish with the use of acetone.
Acetone is an example of?
a. aldehyde
b. ester
c. esther
d. ketone
5. Most well-known for its presence at parties, this functional group
consists of OH bonded to a R group.
a. alcohol
b. aldehyde
c. carboxylic acid
d. ester
6. Alkanes are hydrocarbons, as they only contain the elements hydrogen and
carbon. What is the name of simplest alkane?
a. butane
b. ethane
c. methane
d. propane
7. Which of the following alkenes doesn’t exist?
a. butene
b. methene
c. pentene
d. octene

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 8. Aldehydes are often use for fragrances and flavors. Which of the following is
the functional group of it?
a. ROH
b. ROR
c. RCHO
d. RCOR
9. Cigarette smoking is dangerous to one’s health. Which of the following is the
harmful carbon compound found in cigarettes?
a. caffeine
b. morphine
c. nicotine
d. thiamine
10. Testosterone and progesterone are hormones essential to human beings. In
what class do these sex hormones belong?
a. Alkynes
b. Esters
c. Carboxylic acids
d. Ketone

Additional Activities

Congratulations! You’ve come this far. I know you have learned about classes
of organic compounds and its uses. Let us do this activity.
Our lives is greatly affected by Covid-19 Pandemic. It killed many people and
brought so much fear to us. We are in the middle of our battle against it. The quest
of finding how to end this dreadful pandemic is still going on. Our health experts
always remind us of safety precautions on how to protect ourselves. One of that is
the frequent handwashing. Since then, there was a high demand of alcohol. How can
alcohol at the same time water and soap can protect us from COVID-19? Do you
think all alcohols have the same effect?

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Answer Key

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 21
City, Philippines. pp. 214
Pavico, Josefina Ma F. et.al (2018). Exploring Life Through Science Series. Quezon
Philippines. Department of Education, pp. 2-16
Alvarez et. al. (2014). Science Grade 9 Learner's Module First Edition. Pasig City,
References
What’s More
1. L. Ethene
2. X. Progesterone
3. V. Petroleum
4. K. Ethanol
5. O. Isopropanol
6. S. Methanol
7. M. Formaldehyde
8. D. Benzaldehyde
9. B. Acetone
10. J. Cortisone
11. Z. Testosterone
12. Q. Lactic acid
13. N. Formic acid
14. I. Citral
15. E. Butane
16. W. Polyesters
17. F. Butanone
18. Y. Serotonin
19. G. Caffeine
20. A. Acetic Acid
21. C. Acetylene
22. T. Methyl butanoate
23. R. Liquefied Petroleum Gas
24. U. Morphine
25. P. Kevlar
26. G. Cinnamaldehyde
Statement:
Carbon compounds are also referred as organic compounds.
 EDITOR’S NOTE

This Self -Learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd

SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing
the new normal. Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most
Essential Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used
by all learners of SOCCSKSARGEN Region in all public schools beginning SY
2020-2021. The process of LR development was observed in the production of
this module. This is Version 2.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments,
and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN
Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 228 8825 / (083) 228 1893
Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph

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