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Proposed relationships between dynamic and static Young modulus of a weak

carbonate reservoir using laboratory tests

Conference Paper · May 2017

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Javad Sharifi Marzieh Mirzakhanian

Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad University of Tehran
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Nazmul Haque Mondol Mohammad Reza Saberi

University of Oslo CGG
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Proposed relationships between dynamic and static Young
modulus of a weak carbonate reservoir using laboratory tests
Javad Sharifi a, Marzieh Mirzakhanian b, Nazmul Haque Mondol c, Mohammad Reza Saberi d
a
University of Oslo, Norway & Ferdowsi University of Mashad, Iran; b NIOC, Iran; c University of
Oslo, Norway; d CGG, Nederland
Contact email: javad.sharifi@geo.uio.no

Introduction

Rock moduli are more common tools than velocities to express rock properties and can be calculated
either through a combination of seismic velocities and bulk density or laboratory experiments (i.e.
loading) on core samples. These two approaches for measuring rock moduli are referred to as dynamic
and static tests and their results are also called as dynamic and static modulus, respectively. The dynamic
modulus is calculated from velocities and density while static modulus is calculated from deformational
experiments in the laboratory, and the derived values can be very different using either of these two
methods. In this regards dynamic Young’s modulus (Edyn) value is always higher than the static Young’s
modulus (Esta). The value of Edyn can also varies with the signal frequency (f). This means that dynamic
Young’s modulus determined using ultrasonic velocities (f=100-1000 kHz) could be higher than
dynamic Young’s modulus derived using well logging data (f=10-20 kHz) which in turn is higher than
static modulus. This fact has already been investigated and documented by other researchers (i.e. Mavko
et al., 1998). In this research, Young’s modulus of some of the core samples from an Iranian oil field
were measured using static and dynamic approaches. The dynamic modulus was calculated using in-
situ well logging and ultrasonic measurements with conventional pulse transmission technique while
the static test carried out in a triaxial cell in laboratory simulating reservoir conditions. Then, the
relationship between static and dynamic Young modulus was investigated in more details. These
relationships on Young modulus can have more practical applications on the similar fields for the
purpose of field development.

Experimentation and data collection

13 core plugs from a shale and carbonate reservoir (Sarvak and Ilam formations) were provided for the
purpose of this study. These core plugs were first cut along the original cores with a length ranging from
10 to 12 cm and diameter of 50 mm. Then, they were dried in a vacuum oven for about 24 hours at a
temperature of about 80°C and then were kept in desiccators before velocity measurement. For the
purpose of this study, dynamic modulus is calculated using two methods: well logs data (f=10-20 kHz)
and ultrasonic measurements (f ~500 ~ 1000 kHz). The selected apparatus test, limited the final system
to a maximum operating temperature of 80°C and a maximum operating pressure of 70 MPa (Wolf,
2010). Once the sample located in the pressure vessel, then measurements at each temperature step were
made for different effective pressures of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 MPa. In order to carry out static tests on
the samples, a Multi-stage triaxial compression test were performed on vertical plugs extracted from

1
 4th International Workshop on Rock Physics 29 May – 2 June 2017, Trondheim Norway

conventional cores taken at the selected depths. Specimens were tested at saturated conditions and
reservoir pressure and temperature of 80 ºC (Kim and Ko, 1979). Then, the samples were tested at a
strain rate of 0.005 mm/min with the designed pore pressure (brine with 220000 ppm). Fig. 1a shows
the relationship between the saturated static Young’s modulus calculated from triaxial tests and the
dynamic Young’s modulus derived from rock physics test and well logging. In the same manner,
correlation between Vp and the Vs on core samples and well logging is shown in Fig. 1b. These figures
confirm a higher correlation on dry samples (no fluid inside the pores) for Young modulus compared
with the saturated and log scenarios. This, furthermore, may indicate that a part of the nonlinear
difference between static and dynamic properties could come from poroelasticity effects and removing
fluid from pores can improve toward a more linear correlation between the results of these two
approaches.

a 3200
y = 0.5462x + 156.38
b
R² = 0.8899
2800
Vs (m/s)
2400
y = 0.6845x - 809.69
R² = 0.9362
2000 y = 0.4879x + 208.5 Log
R² = 0.8921
Core_Saturated
Core_Dry
1600
3500 4000 4500 5000 5500
Vp (m/s)
Figure 1 (a) Correlation between static and dynamic Young’s modulus on core samples. (b) The
empirical relationship between Vp and Vs of laboratory tested core samples and data from well logging.

Conclusions

This study reveals that ultrasonic measurements give a higher correlation with static measurement
compared with the well logging data. The lower accuracy for well logging (compared with the ultrasonic
measurement) can be related to the environmental effects on the well logs (borehole effects). The
relationships given in this study can be used to convert dynamic modulus into static ones which normally
are more useful for reservoir studies.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), Tehran, Iran.

References

Kim, M. and Ko, H. (1979) Multistage Triaxial Testing of Rocks, Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol. 2,
No. 2, 98-105.

Mavko, G., Tapan M. and Jack, D. (1998) The Rock Physics Handbook: Tools for Seismic Analysis in
Porous Media. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Tools for Seismic Analysis of Porous Media.

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