Professional Documents
Culture Documents
COVER
Shadowed
by
stigma Pathogens don’t distinguish
victims by race, class or other
identities, yet a pandemic
always brings out people’s
worst social prejudices p3
Sayonara Tokyo
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OPEN PAGE
THE HINDU Magazine
02 DELHI
*
Cover story
The parallels
between the
I
t was September 1939, and the plague of
British government had offi cial 1348 and the
ly declared war against Nazi coronavirus
Germany. I was eight and my pandemic
father the Resident Magistrate (‘The
of Batala in Gurdaspur district of Decameron
Punjab. As a Provincial Civil Service and the
offi cer, he was expected to keep Corona’;
abreast of the daytoday develop Mar. 29)
ments in the war. Hence he was keen provided
on listening to news broadcasts by great insights
All India Radio and BBC London and into these
other foreign stations. two
In those days, radio sets were a cataclysmic
status symbol, owned only by offi events
cials or privileged citizens after ob separated by
taining a licence from the govern about 700
ment. So after careful evaluation of years. The
available brands and discussions stark
with his colleagues, my father or diff erence in
dered the latest model of an HMV communication facilities
(His Master’s Voice) radio set import in the 14th century and
ed from Holland. now has made a huge incubation period of
diff erence to the number many pathogens.
Aerial display of deaths. But these T.N. Venugopalan
We were all excited on the day the advances can only do so
radio was delivered at our bungalow. much without a real ■ The cover story was a
ILLUSTRATION: J.A. PREMKUMAR
It looked like a large wooden box cure. Interestingly, even wonderful chronicle.
with a big rectangular screen and with a green light which fl ickered wave. The broadcast began with a attend the live broadcast of the pro the great leaps made in Even though Yersinia
several knobs. As I watched the elab around as the tuning needle slowly time signal of three beeps, followed gramme. medicine in the last pestis, the deadly
orate process of setting up the radio, moved over the marked metre band, by the sound of the Big Ben striking Right from that age, I was fasci century have not bacterium that causes
I was fascinated by the installation of making queer noises. And as soon as fi ve in the evening in London. nated by the magic world of radio changed the way the the plague, has surfaced
the aerial on the rooftop. A bamboo any station got tuned in, the magic During summer, when we slept broadcasts, which in many ways in coronavirus has to be many times through
pole was fi xed at either end of the eye suddenly turned green, and we out in the open backyard of the bun fl uenced me later in my forays into fought: by adopting history, COVID19 is not
roof and a long wire was tied bet could hear clear sound from the galow, the radio was brought out and creative writing. “social distancing” and in the same league. No
ween them, with round crystals on speaker on the left side of the radio connected by a long wire to a plug The grand old HMV radio set re “lockdown”, the same doubt COVID19 has
each side. Then a lead wire was set. point in the veranda. Father had got mained an inseparable member of way the bubonic plague vitiated the entire world
drawn from one end of the wire and While the main broadcasting sta a table of the exact size made for the our household and shared our tra was fought seven and dented the global
the other end was taken down tion of All India Radio was in New radio. Sometimes, under the starry vails even during Partition. When centuries ago. And it may economy severely, but
through the ventilator into father’s Delhi, the most popular station co night, we would all listen in rapt at father was confi ned to bed after a not change in future the damage it creates is
The bedroom, where it was connected at vering North India was in Lahore. tention to some radio plays by emi stroke, he continued listening to the either, because medicine unlikely to be lasting. By
broadcast the back of the radio set. It’s Urdu and Punjabi programmes nent writers like Imitiaz Ali Taj and news till he passed away in 1967. By can never be ready for a contrast, the plague of
After father returned home in the were a hit. But for father, the main Rajendra Singh Bedi broadcast from that time, the radio had become ir new virus. However, 134751 changed Europe’s
began with reparable and had to be given away basic human emotions economy forever. It
evening, everybody gathered focus was news. After dinner every Lahore.
three beeps, around the radio with bated breath night, he would fi rst listen to the AIR for nothing. and follies, the killed around 90% of the
followed by for listening to the inaugural broad English news bulletin at 9 p.m. Even Sunday specials Now as I grow old, trying to ad callousness of the rich, infected. On current
the sound of cast. As father switched the set on, today, I can hear the deep resonant On Sunday mornings, I eagerly just to the hightech life of instant the suff ering of the poor, estimates, COVID19’s
the Big Ben the rectangular dial lit up, showing voice which we all heard with rapt looked forward to listening to the connectivity, I am often reminded of and the human drama claims are somewhere
four wave bands to be selected by attention: “This is All India Radio. children’s programme from AIR, those days when we waited for the during such events between the normal fl u
striking five
moving an arrow shaped needle up Here is the news read by Melville de Delhi. I vividly remember the day magic eye to get connected to the remain the same down and about 3% of those
in the and down. But the most attractive Mello.” This was followed by the BBC when, during one of our occasional world beyond time and space. the ages, irrespective of affl icted. This is nowhere
evening in and intriguing feature of the dial was news bulletin at 9.30 p.m. which re visits to Delhi, father took me to the ........................................................................ material progress. close to the plague, nor
London a circular magic eye at the centre quired careful tuning into the short AIR studios on Parliament Street to madanmathur@gmail.com Kosaraju Chandramouli will its consequences be,
however much we panic.
■ COVID19 is fast Ranganathan Sivakumar
spreading its tentacles
click-clack struggling to contain
the pandemic, social
startling and striking
similarities between the
How a lover of forests and wildlife instilled the passion in his children distancing and two pandemics, the
Subramanian Nagarajan selfquarantine seem to plague of 1348 and the
Vijaya Bharat nurtured. The animals that be the best control coronavirus of 2020.
Recently, I visited a typewriting institute we looked after ranged from measures. In this The most astonishing
A
that still exists on the main road of busy nna, as we used to call a baby elephant and a bear context, it is interesting factor is that the plague
Pondy Bazaar at T. Nagar in Chennai. It’s the our father, was a six cub to a giant squirrel and a to recall some traditional prevailed from March
same place where I did my course and footer and loved na mouse deer. practices followed in to July and the
passed the lower grade examination in En ture. He chased his dream of Apart from giving lessons Kerala. Whenever a coronavirus also became
glish and Tamil in April 1963. The institute studying botany and zoology in wildlife and forests, Anna death used to occur, severe in March, but let’s
established in 1951 is being run by its foun and secured admission in used to show fi lms in the immediate family pray it does not extend
der’s heirs. The present owner felt immen the prestigious Forest Re schools, conduct expedi members of the up to July.
sely happy to fi nd an old student remem search Institute, Dehradun. tions and display forest pro deceased had to go D. Sethuraman
bering it after 57 years. In the 1940s, it was a bold de due in exhibitions. The Wil through a period of
I well remember the day of examination cision for the young man dlife Week in the fi rst week mourning which
held in the nearby Ramakrishna Mission from a traditional family in of October used to be fully lasted 16 days called Model state
High School (Main) near Panagal Park on a Kerala to go that far. packed with activities for my Pula. During this time, ■ I read the ‘Field Notes’
heavy rainy day. My seat was near a win A.S. Monie, as his name father, with full family invol the relatives of the dead piece (‘State of
dow, and my fi ngers were shivering in the was, joined the Kerala Forest vement. When our neigh were not allowed to leave effi ciency’, Mar. 29) with
cold. Anyway, god was by my side, and I was Department, worked in va bours chided him for coming the house nor were a little pride. The way
ILLUSTRATION: SREEJITH R. KUMAR outsiders encouraged the little State of Kerala
called for the mechanism test. During this rious places in the State, and home only on the weekends,
technical interview, when the examiner became the Chief Conserva kend visits, fi nishing all fi sh fl oating by. He would tell he would say, “Forest is call to visit. Family members overcomes calamities is
asked me the name of a particular part of tor of Forests, Kerala. We home work and getting rea us about the puff er fi sh lying ing me and house is asking were given only frugal a model to the whole
the machine, I honestly told him that I knew children stayed with our dy for “nature bonding”. An on their backs and crabs me to go away.” vegetarian food. The world. The presence of
the name but forgot then. The examiner re mother, grandparents, un na would take us to the zoo scrambling on the sands. Father got transferred to practice was an a courageous, humane
peatedly asked me whether I knew the cles and aunts in Trivan and make us pet tiger cubs in Trivandrum when we joined excellent example of chief minister sets Kerala
name or not, but my answer was fi rm. He drum, now Thiruvananthap the nursery and to the aqua Ghat drive college. His long walks and social distancing, as in apart. His instinctive
could not control his laughter and patted uram. Our grandparents rium to marvel at fi sh and Weekend drives through the varied interests helped him those days many deaths crisis management skills
me for my innocent reply. were Appa and Ammai for us corals. We would come Western Ghats got etched in live up to 83. In the last two were from infectious are evident. During this
Later, when I got selected as an offi ce — only that my youngest home with black mollies, red our minds with his narra years, his brain used to falter diseases like cholera, lockdown, he ensured
clerk in Southern Railway that year, the brother wanted to know why swordtail and guppies. Visits tives of the tall Arjun trees, and he seemed to remember smallpox and plague. that even street animals
dealing clerk advised me to develop my typ his Appa had white hair but to the beaches of Shangu tree ferns, butterfl ies and the the scientifi c names of trees Pula enabled the do not starve. Migrant
ing skills to help my career. This helped me those of his friends had it mughom and Kovalam used gurgling streams. He would better than those of his chil possible containment of workers were renamed
a lot in my offi cial life for nearly four de black. to be refreshing and educa sometimes surprise us by dren. the disease. As we know as guest workers. Yes,
cades. We used to look forward tive as we would see Portu bringing home abandoned ......................................................... today, the 16 days Kerala is leading the way.
By god’s grace, at this age of 75, my fi n eagerly to our father’s wee guese man o’ war and jelly baby animals that had to be vijayacardio@gmail.com coincide with the Shibli Saddam
gers are strong enough to use both compu
ter and typewriter. Much before the advent
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COVER STORY
THE HINDU Magazine
03
*
DELHI
Epidemic orientalism
Researcher Alexandre White in 2018 referred
to such incidents of colonial construction as
“epidemic orientalism” in his thesis. This of
ten shaped the way diseases were named —
BEING HUMAN Asiatic cholera (1826), Asiatic plague (1846),
Asiatic fl u (1956), Rift Valley fever (the 1900s),
Middle East respiratory syndrome (2012),
Pandemics
Hong Kong fl u (1968), to cite a few. Now, the
World Health Organisation has guidelines to
name infectious diseases in neutral, generic
terms.
Socially, however, epidemics and diseases
continue to be pinned to race, gender, sexual
preference and geography. The Trump admi
nistration has repeatedly called COVID19 the
and
‘Chinese virus’, and some refer to it as ‘Kung
Flu’. Naming reinforces prejudice. The origi
Amitangshu Acharya restricting the movement of Zingaris (a pejo nal term for HIV/ AIDS was the acronym GRID
rative term for Romas). Such laws were driven — Gay Related Immunodefi ciency. Though
I
n the early 1900s in New York, a strange partly by the prejudiced view that the Roma shortlived, it worked to boost what American
event took place in the upscale enclaves people caused and spread epidemics. televangelists were already calling it in the
of Long Island. Many of its denizens be In medieval Europe, outbreaks of plague 80s: “gay plague” — divine punishment for
prejudice
gan to mysteriously contract typhoid. were blamed on people who practised tradi sexual deviance. The belief that HIV/ AIDS has
The emergence of a disease associated tional medicine. They were branded ‘witches’ a preference for gay men now lives on in legis
with fi lth and poverty in a slick and affl uent and persecuted. Historian Brian Levack lation in various countries, prohibiting men
quarter deeply unsettled the city’s medical (2006) estimated that 90,000 people were who have sex with men (MSMs) from donat
establishment. punished for witchcraft in Europe. Though ing blood or organs.
A sanitary engineer named George Soper we don’t have exact fi gures, the brunt of it ❋❋❋
was asked to investigate the phenomenon. He seems to have been borne by women. If history tells us one thing, it is that we
discovered that a cook named Mary Mallon, a ❋❋❋ have managed to deal with diseasecausing
middleaged Irishwoman, had worked for at The medieval belief in plague spreaders pathogens signifi cantly better than with our
least eight of the families that had been at was dispelled with the arrival of germ theory. entrenched prejudices. Pandemics don’t pro
tacked by typhoid. Mallon, herself perfectly Diseases don’t care for race or class. But whenever there is Diseases were spread not by people but by duce hate, but they do serve to amplify it.
healthy, would leave her employment each microorganisms or pathogens. They could The Trump administration would like to
time a case broke out and move to another fa
a pandemic, deep-rooted social prejudices resurface travel through air, water or physical contact believe that the Chinese government’s mis
mily. Soper set off on a hunt. He traced Mal between humans and nonhumans. We learnt management and attempts to cover up the in
lon’s whereabouts, stalked her to fi nd where York City, but Mallon had been singled out as poisoning wells to spread the disease, Jews that germs had no regard for social categorisa cidence and spread of COVID19 is a conspira
she lived, and fi nally confronted her, accusing a public enemy, more deadly than the disease were subjected to horrifi c torture and forced tions. One assumed that the discovery of this cy aimed at destabilising America. It recalls
her of being a carrier of typhoid. When Mal itself. Her true crime, perhaps, was remind to make false confessions. Soon, the mephitic apolitical and amoral ‘germ’ would lead to the Catholic Church’s invocation of the notion
lon refused to cooperate and undergo medi ing the rich and powerful that pathogens had smell of the burning fl esh of thousands of epidemics being seen through the clear lens of pestis manufacta (diabolically produced
cal tests, Soper convinced the police to arrest little respect for the class divide that separat Jews lingered in the air of Strasbourg, Co of a microscope and not by glasses tinted with disease) to accuse Jews of trying to sabotage
her. ed Long Island from the Bronx. logne, Basel and Mainz. prejudice. Christianity. Similarly, European politicians
Incarcerated purely on a hypothesis, Mal ❋❋❋ The Roma of Europe faced similar perse But the microscope was not only an instru Le Pen and Salvini’s racist invectives against
lon’s blood, urine and faecal samples were The story of people and pathogens is that cution. Giorgio Viaggio, in his book Storia De- ment of discovery; it was a tool of the Empire. migrants and refugees as carriers of the coro
then collected against her will. When the re of a diffi cult evolutionary marriage. Patho gli Zingari in Italia (1997), has documented 121 The tropics were teeming with diseases, detri navirus intersects with Trump’s rhetoric. Dur
sults came back, they showed the presence of gens want to live and prosper. Killing off hu laws framed in Italy between 1493 and 1785, mental to the health of AngloEuropean admi ing his campaign for the U.S. presidency four
Salmonella typhi, the bacterium that causes mans — the hosts — would become a selfde nistrators. Mosquitoes, it seemed, were far years ago, Trump revived the medieval Euro
typhoid, and the noose of public disapproval feating exercise. Both parties, therefore, try more insurgent than colonial subjects. It was pean idea of ‘plague spreaders’ by claiming,
quickly fell around her neck. to work towards mutual survival. After a cer the microscope that shaped the colonial un “Tremendous infectious disease is pouring
Soper was celebrated for having esta tain point in time, the two declare an uneasy derstanding of “tropical disease”. The out across the border” carried by Mexican immi
blished the existence of ‘healthy carriers’ — truce and humans start to live with the patho break of ‘Asiatic cholera’ in 1817 — a pandemic grants. Ironically, it is Mexico today that’s
people who carry and spread diseasecausing gen. We have done so many times before, and named because it was believed to be endemic guarding its borders from carriers entering
pathogens but stay unaff ected. Mallon was we will do so with the novel coronavirus. to India’s Gangetic region — soon spread to from the U.S.
disgraced and went down in history as ‘Ty The biological coexistence that emerges Europe and sparked fears of an invasion of India’s latent prejudices have similarly ri
phoid Mary’. out of a pandemic is in stark contrast to its so diseases originating in the colonies. sen in tandem with COVID19. Building own
For decades, that unkind moniker normal cial eff ects. Diseases don’t have a social prefe This prompted intense scientifi c enquiry. ers have barred entry of medical staff into
ised the violence and vilifi cation of a poor, il rence, and pathogens don’t distinguish vic In his nuanced account of the attempt of 19th their own homes. People speak of social dis
literate, immigrant woman, who was also a tims by race, class, religion, gender or other century medical science to localise diseases, tancing using the terminology of caste and
passionate and gifted cook. Mallon was demo identities. However, history shows that each historian Pratik Chakrabarti writes in 2010 of untouchability. People from Northeast India
nised by the medical establishment and the time there is a pandemic, deeprooted social how Robert Koch’s discovery of Vibrio chole- are facing racist comments and threats of ev
press as a ‘superspreader’, akin to a mass prejudice resurfaces, often with horrifying re rae — the commashaped cholera pathogen — iction. The same government that sent planes
murderer. She was believed to have infected sults. was pinned to the tropical environment and to ferry Indians back from foreign countries
51 people, three of whom died, but exact During the Great Bubonic Plague in Eu body. Specifi cally, the intestine and biliary failed to house its poor migrant labourers or
numbers were diffi cult to establish. rope in 1348, the Catholic Church was con tract of the colonial subject. to send them safely home. The ongoing lock
vinced that the Black Death was a Jewish con Then there was leprosy, so stigmatised down has seen a mass exodus of workers,
Finding the enemy spiracy to undermine Christianity. Accused of that the word ‘leper’ became synonymous trekking hundreds of kilometres to get home,
During the
Mallon was sent into quarantine for 26 years, sleeping on streets, struggling for food and
Great Bubonic next to the Riverside Hospital on North Broth water. Some 20 have died so far. As this goes
Plague in er Island, where she fi nally died in 1938. An to press, governments are scrambling to set
Europe in impassioned exoneration came 63 years later, up relief camps for those persuaded to stay
1348, the from an unexpected yet unsurprising quarter. back, and transport those who insist on leav
In Typhoid Mary: An Urban Historical (2001), ing. And in U.P., returning workers are hosed
Catholic
the late Anthony Bourdain wrote with great down with surface disinfectants as if they
Church was empathy for his fellow chef: “Cooks work were the pathogens. Added to this, commu
convinced sick. They always have. Most jobs, you don’t nal prejudice has found new viral spread, rid
that the work, you don’t get paid. You wake up with a ing piggyback on the Tablighi Jamaat conclave
Black Death sniffl e and a runny nose, a sore throat? You in New Delhi’s Nizamuddin area.
was a Jewish soldier on. You put in your hours. You wrap a ❋❋❋
towel around your neck, and you do your best Science was supposed to liberate people
conspiracy to to get through. It’s a point of pride, working from irrational beliefs by proving that patho
undermine through pain and illness.” gens don’t look for a particular race or place —
Christianity Typhoid outbreaks were not new to New all they need is a human body, warm, moist
and nutrientrich. Unfortunately, even the
scientifi c understanding of hosts, vectors and
carriers has been appropriated to reinforce
social prejudices.
Stigma produced in the churn of a pan
demic has a long afterlife. No one understood
that better than Mary Mallon. Quarantined for
more than a quarter of her life, her name is
still synonymous with disease.
The same aggressive hounding of the af
fl icted persists today. Desperate to maintain
quarantine, governments are publishing pa
tient names and addresses, affi xing door
stickers, stamping their skin with indelible
ink, all of which violate medical ethics and
could lead to social ostracism.
And we stand today facing the same ques
tion a poor, immigrant woman asked of socie
ty at the beginning of the 20th century. Is it
Stigma (Clockwise from above) Chennai Corporation workers paste stickers necessary to forego humanity in order to save
outside homes of quarantined patients; the vandalised door of a Chinese human life?
restaurant in Glasgow; a train passenger is stamped for home quarantine in ...........................................................................................
Guwahati; a poster made by Chinese students of Southampton University; a The writer is a Leverhulme Trust Ph.D
solitary man eats at a park in NYC’s deserted Chinatown; and migrant workers Scholar at University of Edinburgh, U.K., and
in Chennai queue up for food at a relief centre. R. RAVINDRAN, AFP & PTI
*
a Fellow at Konrad Lorenz Institute, Austria.
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04
Literary Review
DELHI THE HINDU Magazine *
THRILLER
Delightfully meandering mystery
As this latest novel proves, Mukherjee has made quite a mark renderNot’ Banerjee, who becomes
a sidekicklike fi xture. This was fol
in his chosen retro genre of the Christiesque murder mystery lowed by A Necessary Evil; set a year
later, it takes readers to the exotic
world of maharajahs and sordid feu
*
GETTY IMAGES/ ISTOCK dal oppression.
The energetic novelist needed
only another year to bring out Smoke
and Ashes, in which Wyndham is a
fullblown addict (which prefi gures
the novel under review) and its plot
is woven around Calcutta’s opium
dens. This literary project clearly has
epic dimensions as well as important
sociohistorical relevance — analys
ing the lateRaj era — and has attract
ed multiple awards, shortlistings and ‘‘Happy city” A cover of one of the French editions of the book. * SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT
longlistings, while instalment #5 is
already in the works.
It’s interesting that Mukherjee REPRISE
makes his mark in such a retro genre
La Peste by Albert Camus
— but then again not surprising, con
sidering how Sherlock Holmes and
Miss Marple remain bestsellers in In
dia and have been mined for ideas
by the likes of Satyajit Ray and Kal
pish Ratna, respectively. Mukherjee Sudipta Datta matches the reaction of the ma vailing among the Arab popula
opens with an epigraph from Conan jority of the people, as the narra tion, is cut off from his wife in Pa
W
Doyle’s His Last Bow and ends by hen La Peste (The tor notes: “Everybody knows that ris, and tries to leave the
hoping that his latest off ering con Plague ) was pu pestilences have a way of recur quarantined city by hook or by
tains “a means of murder that might blished in 1947, it ring in the world; yet somehow crook. He is so taken up with his
have made Agatha Christie proud”; was read in part we fi nd it hard to believe in ones loss that he doesn’t report the un
and, as in those English penny as an allegory of that crash down on our heads folding tragedy and the hundreds
dreadfuls of yore (in marked diff e France’s plight under Nazi occu from the blue sky. There have dead. But eventually, he realises
rence from the American noir that pation during the Second World been as many plagues as wars in that though he doesn’t belong to
developed as its counterweight), War. The fable, set in the North history; yet always plagues and Oran, the city’s fate is tied to him
death largely happens off stage, the African coastal city of Oran in wars take people equally by and he joins the band of “health
Zac O’Yeah suicide…” Now, in a remote colonial murder methods are contrived, and 194, leads people — doctor, surprise.” workers.” Courage, fear, anxiety,
outpost in India’s northeast, he fi nds the scarce dramatic set pieces tend priest, magistrate, journalist, The people “wrapped up in selfl essness, deprivation, selfi sh
A
ssam, 1922. Sam Wynd an opportunity to redeem himself — towards melodramatic slapstick. rich, poor, man, woman, insider, themselves” are convinced that it ness — all aspects of human na
ham is on leave from his or die. Maybe this is attributable to outsider — to react individually can’t be happening to them. Only ture are acutely observed in the
job with the Calcutta pol He meets a new femme fatale in Christie’s preferred dainty approach and collectively in diff erent ways when the gates are shut, and no time of great despair.
ice to recuperate in the Jatinga — “We might all be created in to hardboiled stuff and Sherlock’s to an epidemic of plague. Seven body can arrive or leave, reality In his introduction to a new
quaint Khasi hill station the image of the Divine, but some of armchairdetecting: they simply left tyodd years later, the novel dawns: “…the fi rst thing that the translation, Tony Judt writes that
of Jatinga; not in its posh clubhouse us were clearly closer to the original no template for epigones to emulate seems startlingly real in the con plague brought to our fellow citi for Camus, as for Rieux, resis
but in an ashram treating addicts than others.” Naturally, what follows when it comes to writing action text of the global spread of the co tance was not about heroism at
through the tough regime of a week is a new lockedroommurder echo scenes. In Mukherjee’s bygone ronavirus, and the human trage all — or, if it was, then it was the
long vomiting cure. The monks sug ing the one in 1905. This makes for a world, the rookie bobby out chasing dy that is unfolding across the Courage, fear, anxiety, heroism of goodness: “...the only
gest he pass time with books. “Read delightfully meandering novel with a suspects crawls into a bathhouse world. means of righting a plague is by
ing broadens the mind.” To which classic plot symmetry, very unlike through a window at night only to selfl essness, selfi shness — all common decency.” Judt argues
the stiff upperlipped Wyndham the bluntly purposeful thrillers of to fall fl at on his face, lose his revolver Moral pestilence aspects of human nature are that in the novel, “it was not ‘fas
wryly responds, “So does opium.” day that off er little linguistic joy or in the dark, and stumble about like a The story begins on a spring acutely observed in the time cism’ that Camus was aiming at —
existential nourishment. lunatic playing hideandseek with morning with Dr. Bernard Rieux of great despair an easy target, after all, especially
Death in Do or die Or as Wyndham broods: “They himself, until he gets caught by vil feeling something soft under his in 1947 — but dogma, com
the East But then a ghost from the past — 1905 say the human mind seeks to make lains with Germanic accents who wa foot while leaving his surgery — zens was exile,” and being sepa pliance, and cowardice in all
Abir Mukherjee — appears in this novel that’s skilfully sense out of chaos. How much easier terboard him. Another time, other it’s a dead rat lying in the middle rated from loved ones was the their intersecting public forms.”
Harvill Secker woven around fl ashbacks of an in it was to simply ascribe these things villains cosh him and he wakes up of the landing. Soon on his “greatest agony of that long pe When he got the Nobel Prize
₹ 599 conclusive, botched lockedroom to the fates or the gods than to face tied to a chair… Fun, but it does shat rounds he sees rats everywhere, riod of exile.” in 1957, the Academy said Camus’
murder investigation (involving the truth: that the universe was a cal ter the realism. some dead, others alive, and one Rieux also suff ers from a sepa work “illuminates the problems
Wyndham’s fi rst love Bessie as its lous, capricious place, where bad Yet there’s a greater artistic pur of his patients who has asthma ration as his ailing wife is away at of the human conscience of our
victim). The crime scene: London’s things happened to good people be pose behind Mukherjee’s dishing up wryly comments: “they’re com a sanatorium. He may have been times.” In La Peste, when people
East End, a milieu of dingy White cause there was no good reason why rosetinted nostalgia for an India in ing out, have you noticed?” Peo sick and tired of the world he erupt in joy as the disease wanes,
chapel public houses and once squa they shouldn’t.” which curried haggis once featured ple start dying, local authorities lived in, but he goes about tend Rieux wishes they knew better:
lid streets like Brick Lane (now hep on menus. The preference for Cha reluctantly announce it’s a plague ing the sick as if he “had much lik “that the plague bacillus never
destination for curry outings), forms Period details plinesque violence apart, Mukherjee and the “intrinsically ugly” city is ing for his fellow men and had re dies or disappears for good; that
The monks an extremely evocative backdrop to Abir Mukherjee has had a meteoric has a rarely faltering ear for genuine quarantined. The coming of the solved… to have no truck with it can lie dormant for years and
suggest he pass a highstakes drama. rise, with four books over the last sounding dialogue, period details rats may be taken to echo any of injustice and compromises with years in furniture and linen
time with It would be an understatement to four years, translated into 15 lan feel authentic, and I’d say his prose the moral or literal pestilences the truth.” The priest, Father Pa chests; that it bides its time in be
books. ‘Reading say that the oncepromising consta guages. His multilaurelled debut in ups Christie’s. And, unlike her, he that visits the world from time to neloux, initially sits on judge drooms, cellars, trunks, and
ble Wyndham, now Captain of the 2016 — aptly called A Rising Man — displays a morally guided political time: “It was as though the very ment: “My brethren, you have de bookshelves, and that perhaps
broadens the
CID, ended up in India in 1919 be was set in Calcutta in 1919, a city of conscience that her ilk lacked (be soil on which our houses were served it,” but later joins the fi ght the day would come when, for
mind.’ To
cause he was at a loose end and enormous riches where Wyndham, cause no such notions existed then built was purging itself of an ex against the plague. the bane and the enlightening of
which the scarred by the Great War. He admits India greenhorn, is tasked with a in British drawing rooms). No doubt cess of bile, that it was letting men, it would rouse up its rats
stiff-upper- to himself at a central moment, “My politically sensitive investigation at a he’s going to be one of the most suc boils and abscesses rise to the sur Common decency again and send them forth to die
lipped wife was dead, as were my family, tumultuous time when calls for inde cessful Indian writers of the 2020s. face which up to then had been The journalist, Raymond Ram in a happy city.”
Wyndham most of my friends and the better pendence were growing louder. He ......................................................................... devouring it inside.” bert, who had been commis ..................................................................
wryly responds, part of my soul. I’d come to Calcutta teams up with the only Indian detec The writer is a detective novelist The reluctance of the munici sioned by a leading Paris daily to The writer looks back at one
‘So does opium’ because it was a better option than tive in the colonial police force, ‘Sur based in Bengaluru. pality to call out the disease write on the living conditions pre classic every month.
MURDER MYSTERY
SOCIAL REALISM
Hungry yarns Mrs. Tweedy sniff s around
With its Rajera setting and characters, this one’s meant for the
In Radhakrishna’s descriptions of village life lie her strengths as a novelist oldfashioned whodunnit afi cionado
Navmi Krishna turning for their families. Of the two, Ponni with scant regard for closure. For instance, R. Krithika found dead right in the house of warnings of his superior, he conti
is handed the rough end of the stick. She Alamelu, the gorgeous — and starving — the Assistant Commissioner of nues to sniff around. Meanwhile,
T T
extile activist Sabita Radhakrish laments at one point that she, the wife of wife of one of the weavers and one of the he way Bulbul Sharma’s Shimla Hills, William Parker Mrs. Tweedy, who writes roman
na’s novel, The Looms of Arivoor, the master weaver, has to live off Sundari more memorable characters, gets less than latest book begins, the Smith. Nobody seems to know tic fi ction so that she can continue
is a compelling attempt to drive amma’s handmedowns, and her due. Khursheed, Tilak’s col last thing you would ex who the murdered woman is. She to stay on in India, is also on the
home the current predicament you cannot help but feel for lege fl ame, gets a parallel story pect is murder and had walked in during dinner the job, chatting with members of the
of traditional weavers. Retired her. line with a lot of potential but it mayhem. It opens with previous evening bearing a note household and off ering Sen some
IAS offi cer and handloom afi cionado Tilak The Looms of Arivoor lays gets an unimaginative and pred a lyrical description of the heat in from a common friend. While leads. Am I the only one being re
doesn’t want the weavers to become part bare the contrast in priorities ictable ending. the plains, contrasting it most of the house minded of Miss Marple and In
of a government cooperative, which he be of the haves and havenots. For Radhakrishna’s descriptions with cool Shimla and moves guests are indiff erent spector Dermot Craddock here?
lieves will stymie their creativity. This all of Tilak’s talk about being of village life are a delight. He on to introduce Mrs. Twee to the death, it seems The only person in the house
starts a battle of will between him and his Kulasekhara’s lifelong friend, rein lies her strength as a nove dy and Inspector Ram Sen. to have a major im who cares enough to help the in
friend, master weaver Kulasekhara. For their relationship never rises list, as opposed to dialogue It is preIndependence era, pact on Parker spector is Mary, ParkerSmith’s
the weaver community, hunger is more ur above that of a benefactor and writing, which is laden with dra with World War II raging in Smith’s wife, Helen. niece. On a visit from England,
gent than artistic freedom, a fact that benefi ciary, defi ned by their so matic outbursts and feels more the larger world. That chaos Inspector Sen, who Mary fi nds the callousness with
seems to be lost on Tilak. How the two par cial realities. suitable for a play. In fact, the doesn’t seem to have is initially put in which the others in the house
ties deal with this dilemma unfolds in this The village of Arivoor is novel has been adapted from touched the lives of the Brit charge of the case, is treat the murder most upsetting.
short read. teeming with fascinating cha The Looms Radhakrishna’s play, Song of the ish citizens in Shimla, intrigued by the en Her unwitting probing leads her
Tilak and Kulasekhara may well be the racters, and it’s a shame that of Arivoor Loom. Her background as a food where tea and dinner par semble cast in the to the truth. Or shall we say,
protagonists, but it is mostly the women of we get to know so few of them. Sabita Radhakrishna researcher shines through as ties and gossip sessions con Murder in house and the fact truths?
Arivoor, a fi ctional village in the outskirts The ones we do meet rarely get Bigfoot Publications does her passion for the textile tinue unabated and the next Shimla that his head offi ce in The resolution, when it comes,
of Chennai, who drive the story. Sundari, a chance to reel us into their Pvt. Ltd. industry — combined, they light major excitement is the Vice Bulbul Sharma Delhi seems to want is highly satisfactory. This is a
Tilak’s wife, and Ponni keep the wheels lives, disappearing instead ₹ 225 up the most mundane scenes. roy’s Ball. Speaking Tiger this case shoved into mustread for fans of oldfash
Then a young woman is ₹ 399 the bin. Despite the ioned whodunnits.
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₹ 499 Biblio mystery meets thriller in A British journalist, Jannat Gill, is This is the story of Mary Bennet,
These short stories are of people this story of a bookseller being on an assignment to investigate the marginalised middle daughter
living ordinary lives in Assam in investigated by the FBI because a killer the increasing number of NRI from Pride and Prejudice , the plain
times of prolonged socio-political seems to be following his list of the murders in the heart of Punjab. Jane who takes refuge in books.
disturbance. The sketches by the most ingenious fictional murders. The There she encounters Rajveer, In true Austen fashion, Mary must
Sahitya Akademi winner deftly blend killer seems to know the bookseller the flamboyant son of the soil accept herself for what she is
social realism with magic realism intimately, even the secret he has managing the family business, before she can allow herself to
and folklore. kept hidden from everyone. and falls dangerously in love. acknowledge love.
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Literary Review
THE HINDU Magazine
05
*
DELHI
SOCIETY
EXPERIENCE
J
life at a tea garden in South India ohn Maynard Keynes, the we have than to pretend that we racter, advertised on the cover, the
founder of Keynesian eco Joining the dots know how to accelerate growth. book is a little short of clues on the
nomics, once said that “if eco The result is convincing in many Some chapters (notably on climate way forward. Instead, it ends with a
Indrani Dutta
nomists could manage to get ways. In fact, the book is a model of change) are a little inconclusive, but somewhat rhetorical ‘call to action’.
themselves thought of as a how economic reasoning and evi others end with a clear message,
A
t a time when the Indian tea industry is passing humble, competent people, on a le dence can shed light on realworld such as higher taxes on the super A little enigmatic
through a crisis which seems to be more struc vel with dentists, that would be issues. The authors excel at joining rich to reduce income inequality. Here we seem to encounter the li
tural than cyclical, An Elephant Kissed my Win- splendid.” Judging from re the dots from numerous The book ends with a long but mits of ‘plumbing’. To fi x a water
dow with its anecdotal narratives from tea cent opinion polls, econo theoretical and empirical not entirely convincing chapter on tap, informed poking around may be
lands provides as refreshing a break as does a mists still have a long way studies. The arguments social policy. For developing coun good enough. But to build a house,
steaming cup of the amber brew after a hard day’s work. to go. According to one fl ow like clear water. Writ tries, the authors support some sort you need to think hard about what
Born in the year India gained Independence, M. Ravin poll, cited in this book, ten in an engaging style, of ‘universal ultrabasic income’ sort of house you want. That is not
dran, one of the coauthors, joined a Britishowned plan 84% of people in the U.K. the book makes economics (UUBI). The basis of this recommen just a matter of technical knowledge,
tation company near Ooty, traversing through the tea would trust the profession accessible to a wide au dation, however, is not clear — one is but also of normative judgement as
growing regions of the Nilgiris, Anamalais and Meghama al advice of a nurse, but on dience. Who would have at a loss to understand the statement to what we are trying to achieve and
lai till the turn of the century. His coauthor Saaz Aggarwal ly 25% would trust an thought that the Stopler “we are in favour of a UUBI based on for whom. Banerjee and Dufl o re
whose own life was intertwined with plantation life, has economist. Samuelson theorem had so what we know so far” (p. 296). For main a little enigmatic in that res
woven in context, fl eshing out memories from Ravindran The aim of this book is much to off er? one thing, much would depend on pect. They certainly want the world
and others, while also including her own. partly to demonstrate the Good Economics The book is divided in how UUBI is to be fi nanced. The to be a better place, but it is not clear
value of ‘good economics’, for Hard Times: to nine thematic chapters authors note, apparently in approval what that place would look like, oth
Brown sahibs and partly to bring eco Better Answers on some of the leading is (p. 295), that in India 1.38% of GDP er than having less poverty and nas
The result is a 269page compendium of personal recollec nomic reasoning to bear to Our Biggest sues of today’s ‘hard could be mobilised for UUBI by re tiness. I am sure that they have an
tions, excerpts from gazetteers’ journals and photo on the critical issues of our Problems times’. On migration, the moving ‘the ten largest central wel answer, and I am hoping that we will
graphs. It documents how the brown sahibs stepped into times — poverty, inequali Abhjit Banerjee, authors dispute the alar fare schemes’, without mentioning hear it one day — perhaps in their
the shoes and the lifestyle of the British who started de ty, trade, migration, cli Esther Duflo mist narratives and argue what these are. As it happens, they next book.
parting from the tea industry which mate change, among oth Juggernaut that, far from being a ma include valuable programmes like Meanwhile, Good Economics for
they had started in the mid1830s. ers. Rather than dentists, ₹ 699 jor threat, migration school meals, the Integrated Child Hard Times has much to off er. It is al
“While the label brown sahib is Let it be Banerjee and Dufl o think should be welcome if not Development Services and the Na ways diffi cult to recommend good
not always considered a complimen Farmers of able economists as plumbers who encouraged. tional Rural Employment Guarantee books on economics to a layperson
tary one, it must be said that much of migrate with patiently “solve problems with a A fi ne chapter on international Scheme. There is a gap in the argu who wants to educate herself with
what we inherited was solid, value their families combination of intuition grounded trade reminds us that there are ment to say the least. out getting bored — this one is a safe
based and stood us in good stead,” from Madhya in science, some guesswork aided by ‘pains from trade’ (for some people bet.
he writes, mentioning a ‘user’s ma Pradesh to experience, and a bunch of pure at least), not just gains as many eco Clues to the future ........................................................................
nual — a handyman’s guide’ which Nagpur, in trial and error”. Sure enough, their nomists tend to think. At the end of the book, the reader The author is Visiting Professor at
off ered advice on agriculture and search of jobs. preferred tool of trial and error is the The chapter on economic growth certainly feels wiser, but not neces the Department of Economics,
pest management for the planter. A *
S. SUDARSHAN randomised controlled trial, but aptly sums up our ignorance and sarily clearer about what should be Ranchi University.
An Elephant thick calicobound book, it was too
Kissed my precious for borrowing to be permit
Window ted, he says.
M. Ravindran, This and many of the other writ
Saaz Aggarwal ings come from Ravindran who
B&W joined the plantations as a trainee as
₹ 500 sistant manager. He talks of the ‘ex
cruciating loneliness and homesick
ness’ he suff ered in an alien climate
and environ. He was at an estate called Prospect which
was then one of the most prestigious tea factories in South
India. His plight may ring a bell with many a planter of
yesteryears.
Through his almost diarylike entries we come to know
of the visit of Mada Gowda, the plantation inspector who
checked for compliance with provisions of the powerful
Plantation Labour Act. This sort of governance seems lack
ing now with many tea companies becoming recalcitrant
about labour welfare. As Ravindran learns his job, so does
the reader.
CULTURE
T
hink ‘isolated tribes’ of In but also particular to their circum overturn the notion of the tribes as calling a sower who was whipped by gabonds infamous as the dacoits of tive beings? Kundalia doesn’t speci
dia and the images that stances and history, one must read less civilised, recording how robust this sarpanch. This jangle of per yore, are so skilfully executed that fy. When the protagonists are
will present themselves Nidhi Dugar Kundalia’s White as Milk ly avantgarde some of their social spectives makes for a 360degree you start thinking like them, with powerfully imagined, the stories ac
will probably be of labour and Rice. Her ‘humble attempt to not customs are (the Marias of Bastar, for view. The only side that gets no sym them. quire authenticity and when they
hardened men and wo bring this margin to the centre, but instance, ‘believe in the primordial pathy is the state, which has always are not (as with the Khasis and Ko
men protesting with bows and ar to make the margin a place of reali authenticity of lust’); there are seem harmed the tribes, either by being Unsentimental portraits nyaks), a vagueness takes over, mak
rows; JCBs throwing up the red earth ty’ is a richly indepth study of tribal ingly innocuous vignettes of people paternalistic or by pushing them out And yet the portraits are unsenti ing the portraits tilt more on the side
of their homes; video clips of scanti life, not viewed from the outside, but in positions of power, like the haval of their lands for development’s mental: when a Kanjar bride is of fi ction than nonfi ction. White as Milk
lyclad Jarawa women dancing for felt from within. dar who ‘nods along, never looking sake. thought to have failed the virginity Cavils notwithstanding, White as and Rice:
the delectation of tourists — in short, up from the potatostuff ed kachoris’ test, they burn her alive; animals are Milk and Rice drew me in like that se Stories of
stereotypical images that frame Letting women speak when the sarpanch comes to lodge a Forest dwellers getting sparse in the forests around minal work of anthropology, Lévi India’s Isolated
them as ‘museum pieces’ (as one An Kundalia achieves this by employing complaint of robbery in his village. Kundalia’s stories are of the Halakkis the Konyak villages — ‘most of them Strauss’s Tristes Tropiques. Not the Tribes
damans’ MP memorably described that oldest of methods — storytell But there are counterchecks: the of north Karnataka; the Kanjars of already hanging as skulls on the least because of its language, which Nidhi Dugar
the Jarawas) and present their pro ing, which tunnels into the mind of narrators are women and men; Chambal; the Kurumbas of the Nilgi walls’ of the tribal homes. is as eff ortlessly lyrical: ‘In the Gondi Kundalia
blems in a suitably picturesque way the subject and sees the world some tribal customs, like that of ris; the Marias of Bastar; the Khasis That said, some of the portraits language of the Marias, there is no Ebury Press
for getting the sympathetic but safe through her eyes. Of course, it’s not headhunting among the Konyaks of of Shillong; the Konyaks of Naga (like those of the Kanjars and Marias) future tense because their lives func ₹ 399
ly distanced tch tch from the main a foolproof method for objectivity — Nagaland, are anachronistic and im land. A member of each tribe lets us are more convincing than the oth tion around the availability of the
stream. nothing is. permissible; if the havaladar is not into their lives: the narratives, ho ers. This disparity is a result of the natural resources around them:
To go behind the scenes and see One can guess Kundalia’s lean too attentive towards the sarpanch’s wever, are not representative of the narrative technique: who are the land, forests and water.’
Capital and Ideology The RSS and the Making Just Transferred My Girlhood
Thomas Piketty of the Deep Nation Bhavdeep Kang, Namita Kala Taslima Nasrin
HUV/HarperCollins Dinesh Narayanan HarperCollins Hamish Hamilton/Penguin
₹ 2,499 Penguin Random House ₹ 599 ₹ 599
In his follow-up book to Capital in the ₹ 599 Ashok Khemka has been in the IAS Set in the backdrop of the
Twenty-First Century , Piketty argues Relying on original research, for 27 years and during that time has Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971,
for a new ‘participatory’ socialism, a interviews and analysis of current faced 53 transfers. Throughout his this book recollects Taslima Nasrin’s
system founded on an ideology of events, Narayanan traces the RSS’s career, Khemka has suffered at the early years. Her memories alternate
equality, social property, education roots. It may have been banned thrice hands of his political masters for his between scenes of violence, her
and the sharing of knowledge and but with political power, the RSS is refusal to compromise. Two pious mother, the trauma of
power. It is a bold proposal for a new going all out to embed its ideology in journalists offer an insider’s view of harassment and a journey that
and fairer economic system. India’s genetic code. India’s administrative machinery. redefined her world.
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06 WIDE ANGLE
DELHI THE HINDU Magazine *
FIELD NOTES
The lockdown has made the aged and
those with mental illness especially vulnerable
to psychological stress
I am a rock,
I am an
island
Azera Parveen Rahman also acutely psychologically vulnera
ble at this time. “I miss talking to real
The calls have been increasing: last
Saturday, for instance, 7,000 calls
were made, and the government has
employed an army of over 700 coun
sellors. “People in quarantine grap
ple fi rst with stigma, then anxiety
about getting infected; then of
nected even via digital platforms be
comes vital at such times. The Ah
meds are not comfortable with video
calls or chats, but their son Rohan
calls them threefour times a day
from Bengaluru, asking if they’ve ea
ten, suggesting exercises for his dia
I
t is past noon and Mehtaj, 39, a people. I miss my walks,” she says. course with the stress of loneliness,” betic mother, and movies on TV for
teacher in Assam, is doing her says Kiran P. S., State nodal offi cer the evenings. “They are praying
“second round of disinfec Topsy-turvy times for the Mental Health Programme more; it’s their way of seeking so
tion”. Wiping her car keys with “These are strange times,” says Prati that runs the helpline. lace,” says Rohan, “But I worry.
antiseptic, she says, “I can’t ma Murthy, head of department, What if something goes wrong and I
stop thinking about coronavirus and psychiatry, at the National Institute Engaging socially cannot reach them on time?”
whether we’ve let it in by mistake. I of Mental Health and Neurosciences “What is important is to understand Staying close to family, however,
am petrifi ed.” (NIMHANS) in Bengaluru. “What we the diff erence between physical dis doesn’t mean the same for eve
The teacher and mother of one is generally prescribe for the elderly is tancing and social distancing,” says ryone. For people with dysfunction
not alone in her phobic reaction. social interaction for their emotional Dr. Jain. “Distancing should not be al family dynamics, such as an abu
The isolation and fear in this lock wellbeing. And now they’ve been interpreted as social or emotional sive partner or domineering
down era is driving an escalating told the opposite: to physically dis *
GETTY IMAGES/ ISTOCK disengagement. Fostering a sense of parents, staying at home is a trigger
nervousness among many people. tance themselves, even from their social togetherness — whether on for anxiety. “It has left many suscep
Not just those with preexisting con grandchildren.” ity, but an inability to do so is asso know,” she says. She has reached out the phone, or through acts of al tible to relapse of clinical depres
ditions like anxiety, depression and As you grow older, says Dr. Mur ciated not just with immediate to her counsellor to see her through. truism by helping people in the sion,” Kolkatabased psychologist
OCD (obsessive compulsive disor thy, a routine becomes important anxiety, but longerterm distress,” For those with anxiety disorder, neighbourhood — is essential at this Charvi Jain says.
der), but also the elderly who are and any disruption leads to anxiety. says the paper. Communicating, it might be worse. Bengalurubased time.” In such times of uncertainty, the
struggling with new levels of loneli In Hyderabad, Zubair Ahmed, 71, even remotely, with family and psychotherapist Natasha Vijay talks One doesn’t have to be ill to suff only way forward is to accept that
ness and helplessness. and his wife Rahima, 65, fi nd the friends, is “essential,” it adds. of one of her clients who is strug er during these stressful times. In Jai while we don’t have control over
“I try not to read all the WhatsApp comfort they drew from their daily gling to cope with the distress of fac pur, Rubina Shah, a homemaker, is everything, there are some things
forwards,” says Mehtaj, even as she walks and chatting with friends all Invisible enemy ing this ‘invisible enemy’. The pan physically and mentally drowning. we can do. Avoiding information
obsessively continues to disinfect but lost. “It’s been seven years since That’s what Bonoshree (name demic has been very hard on this With her children and husband at overload from social media, avoid
A review door knobs, furniture and kitchen our son left home; but it’s only now changed on request), 25, is trying to woman, the psychotherapist ex home all day, her chores have in ing speculation about the pandemic,
published appliances. “I wash my son’s toys in that we feel lonely,” says Ahmed. do. Diagnosed with depression two plains, because all she hears con creased manifold. “My children are keeping busy with activities, playing
recently Dettol; I put everything in the sun, A review published recently in years ago, Bonoshree works in a pu stantly are health warnings and fi ve and eight; keeping them busy all games, engaging with books, music,
in Lancet , even vegetables and groceries.” As Lancet, which studied literature on blishing house and lives alone in Del alerts. day while keeping the house in order dance and movies — all this helps.
which this goes to press, 16 people have the psychological impact of quaran hi. She used to walk or step out for Such paranoia can be prevented is exhausting,” she says. Shah’s hus Now is the time for those cat videos.
tested positive for coronavirus in tine — the separation and curtailed coff ee to keep her spirits up; now all by communicating the right infor band, a PR executive, works from WHO recommends focusing on posi
studied
Assam. movement of people potentially ex that’s stopped. mation about the pandemic, says home and does help, but the bulk of tive news, like news of people reco
literature In her apartment in east Bengalu posed to a contagious disease — dur Her worried parents videocall Sanjeev Jain, professor, psychiatry, it falls on Rubina. “I barely get any vering from the virus, to get hope.
on the ru, Saroja Chakravarty, 84, lives ing previous epidemics such as her three times a day. “I have to at NIMHANS. “There’s no mystery; break,” she says, “It’s making me “We can take this as an opportuni
psychological alone. She has kept herself busy with SARS, found proof of a range of create a facade to keep them from we must encourage people to be ra irritable.” ty,” says Dr. Poddar, “The earth is re
impact of cooking, cleaning and Netfl ix. She psychological conditions, from post worrying. But the truth is, I am ex tional in their response, rather than One of her blessings has been cuperating, and so can we.”
talks to her daughters over the traumatic stress symptoms to confu tremely lonely. I am hardly ever hun panic.” that her parents are within reach (With inputs from Divya Gandhi &
quarantine,
phone. “But I haven’t stepped out of sion, anger, depression, stress, in gry and I can’t sleep well.” Work While NIMHANS has set up a hel and she talks often to them. Others Shyama Rajagopal.)
found proof the front door in days,” she says. As somnia and emotional exhaustion. keeps her busy in the mornings and pline to reach out to patients, States don’t have this luxury. Yet, as Bom ........................................................................
of a range of susceptible as the elderly are to CO “Activating your social network, al a friend checks up on her, “but noth like Kerala have set up helplines to baybased mental health expert The writer is a Jodhpur-based
conditions VID19, people like Chakravarty are beit remotely, is not just a key prior ing replaces human connect, you telecounsel people in quarantine. Prakriti Poddar says, staying con freelance journalist.
When history rhymes
ers. All of this conjoined to create the
Great Bengal Famine.
The peak of the famine was bet
ween 1943 and 1944, but the after
shocks in the shape of cholera and ty
phoid that claimed the weakened
The sequence of disasters that hit Bengal in the 1940s off ers a warning for the present day survivors continued into 1945 and
beyond. The toll was close to three
million dead. And in mid1946 came
nine years of the war starting, Calcut the massive communal killings of Cal
ta was mutilated forever in a way that cutta that presaged the violence of
London, Paris, Rome and Moscow Partition in both Bengal and Punjab.
were not. And the province of Bengal
was scarred in a manner that was Domino effect
comparable to some of the worst de By 1948 the city was fi lled with a third
vastations in central and eastern Eu wave of refugees — Hindus from the
rope and in southeastern Asia. newly formed East Pakistan. From a
bad mixture of cruel administrative
Refugee wave edicts and natural disasters, the pop
The fi rst event that hit Calcutta, in the ulation of Calcutta had more than
summer of 1942, was the wave of In doubled and for the next several de
dian refugees who trekked all the way cades it would become a city associat
from a Burma being rapidly captured ed with poverty and deprivation. The
by the Japanese: migrant labourers, two Bengals would have intersecting
clerks, plantation managers, all try but distinct histories that would lead
ing to make their way home by foot to the second great cleavage in 1971,
on a horrendously diffi cult route. which would result in hundreds of
The second event was something thousands of deaths in genocide by
that spread over all of India: the prot the Pakistan Army, and lead to the
ests and upheavals that followed formation of Bangladesh.
Gandhi’s call for Quit India in early What this sequence teaches us is
August. When Gandhi and the Con that diff erent kinds of disasters often
gress leaders were arrested, the prot feed on each other, topple into each
ests, the violent police reactions to it, other like dominoes. Right now some
and the retaliatory arson and riots of us may have forgotten the massive
continued from August almost into bomb of demonetisation; the crimi
October. nal clampdown in Kashmir, the delib
Then, in October, the coast of un erate attacks on university students
ited Bengal and Orissa was battered and the fascist CAANRC ‘laws’ and
by a huge cyclone that killed many the huge protests against those may
thousands of people, destroyed most have receded from our minds; the
of the cattle and devastated crops. reckless crony capitalism for which
Beneath this, away from urban public this regime wilfully destroys environ
awareness, something else had be mental safeguards may not even be
gun: the government through its on our radar; nor might the offi cial
agents had bought up huge quantities skulduggery going on within the
I
Disaster t is rather interesting at this mo urban poverty and large sections of of rice from Bengali peasants for the banking sector; but all these are feed
compounded ment in time to look at a period Bengal’s peasantry were struggling war eff ort; such was the price being ing into what is happening now with
A painting on the in our history from about 70 to under iniquitous conditions created off ered that farmers had sold even the COVID19 pandemic and will be
Bengal Famine 80 years ago, specifi cally in the by the zamindari system and the their personal yearly stash, imagining come ‘force multipliers’ that will con
by Gobardhan region of Bengal, in undivided complicit British Raj that arched over that the next harvest would yield tinue to wreak havoc on our lives and
Ash. SPECIAL
* India. At the beginning of World War that system. enough to make up any shortfall. In our Republic.
ARRANGEMENT II in September 1939, India was deep The war that devastated so much the meantime, seeing how the Japa Just as the armed confl ict never
in the struggle for independence. The of the northern hemisphere never nese army had used local boats and touched Bengal, the actual pandemic
capital of the Raj had shifted to Delhi quite reached Calcutta in its typical bicycles in the Malayan peninsula, a by itself may — repeat may — only
but Calcutta was a thriving metropo form: there was no fi ghting around have a limited eff ect on our country,
lis of just under three million people, the city or anywhere in Bengal — the but coming as it does, right after this
and commercially, culturally and pol nearest battles took place on the Bur long sequence of calamities con
itically one of India’s two major ur mese border, 750 kilometres away. Yet, by 1948, within nine years structed by a cruel and uncar
ban centres. Around Calcutta spread The air bombing that devastated oth of the war starting, Calcutta was ing regime, it may be the
Bengal, with its huge riverine maze er places hardly touched Bengal — Ja last heavy straw that will
transformed for the worse,
feeding one of the most fertile re panese planes sporadically bombed break many backs.
gions of the world. Despite the city’s Calcutta between December 1942 and mutilated forever in a way that
commercial robustness and the re January 1943, but these caused only London, Paris, Rome and Ruchir Joshi is a
gion’s legendary fecundity, there was token damage. Yet, by 1948, within Moscow were not fi lmmaker and columnist.
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F
York and London, Hong Kong irst of all whether spent two hours in store room
and Singapore, but travel to everybody is ok in the making one mountain of useless
any of these places is a distant offi ce or no? Please food items. One packet of kollu
dream. Closer home, even a walk to convey all the sentiments from Jambuvan era. Twothree
the neighbourhood bar or meeting from Mathrubootham packet masala powder with expiry
friends is out of the question. family to all colleagues and family date from 1985. One pickle bottle
But in this climate of uncertainty, members. that is falling behind gas cylinder. It
the natural world will not be reined Madam/ Sir, what and all is is Caico Tender Mango pickle that
in. On the terrace outside my fi fth happening in the world these days? is doing expiry before Indira
fl oor apartment, a peepal tree is Total confusion. Total panic. Gandhi is doing expiry. I fi lled one
kept at bay by fl imsy netting but the But you will say Mr. plastic bucket full and carried into
ecosystem it supports gives me a Mathrubootham why you are the kitchen.
sense of hope, calm and a reminder worried about world and all? You I said Kamalam, two hours I
that life does go on. The lockdown just sit and worry about India no? have collected every single useless
has helped me see something that Whether any panic and confusion item from the store. Can you
has literally been right in front of me is there? believe it or not? Did you know
all along. Madam/ Sir, what you are that we are having 23 diff erent
talking like fools. Prime Minister is types of sambar powder in this
Tree of life even opening mouth means peace house from 1955 to 2013? But what
Morning to night, the tree has visi of mind is gone. First time he is Kamalam doing? Kamalam is
tors: birds and bats come every day made one speech and sitting on iPad and reading and
to pick at the limesized fruits that people are beating reading like anything. I said
signal that Mumbai’s seasonal drop pressure cooker and Kamalam, what is it? Some
in temperature is behind us, and we frying pan. Next new novel?
have only humidity, heat and now, Skittish The coppersmith barbet. *
AATISH NATH
time he made one She said old man one
social distancing, to look forward to. more speech and website is there. It is giving
As I sit at the table on the terrace, Each has its own distinct personali have television and books and lap breeze and glisten as they catch the
police are beating nonstop breaking news of
pretending to work but in fact read ty: coppersmith barbets, for in tops but experiencing life through a light in an array of yellows and
people with frying coronavirus from all over
ing more about the coronavirus, the stance, are skittish when I get too screen is mediated and can some greens.
pan. Next one more the word. Oh my god, seven
music I am playing is interrupted by close to take a photograph; but the times feel even more isolating. It’s only when the bats fl y in at
speech means what is new cases in Bosnia! Oh no!
the chirps and calls of sparrows, crows just fi x you with a stare, part Instead, it’s the snippets of life I night to feast and roost upside down
beating what? People Total lockdown in
coppersmith barbets, redvented imperious and part mischievous, see on the peepal tree that ease my on the branches that I am reminded
will beat police? Slovenia! Old man,
bulbuls, roseringed parakeets, com daring you to come closer. days indoors. I track the coppers of why we’re trapped indoors in the
Frying pan will beat come! You also sit
mon mynas, koels, crows and kites. This natural community reminds mith barbet and I am dazzled by its fi rst place. Then my attention moves
people? Idli thattu and read with me.
me that although we struggle to colour — crimson and yellow and back to my many screens, to the
will beat dosa kallu? I said Kamalam, this
create a semblance of order under grass green — and its movements un news from faraway places, and to
the lockdown, the rhythms of nature encumbered and free. the other people who are also fi nd
Why when PM is virus or cricket match?
are unchanged by it all. Watching it peck on a fruit almost ing solace in the little things. making speech You please sit and do time
With humanity trapped in a immediately something wasting. I am going to take all
holding pattern, the symbiotic And now, with humanity trapped as big as its head is a vibrant inter ........................................................................
in a holding pattern, the symbiotic lude to the monotony. It’s a dash of The Mumbai-based food and travel
is beating something? these expired items and make
relationship between tree and relationship between tree and bird is colour that fi nds its way through the writer is rediscovering the world Any explanation? amazing foodstuff s.
bird is a source of joy and hope a source of joy and hope. Yes, we branches whose leaves dance in the around him as he works from home. Meanwhile, it is non For twothree hours I am
stop tension in house. cooking and cooking like
Mrs. M is talking as if we anything. One recipe for kollu
will never leave house for rasam is there in YouTube. So
GOREN BRIDGE next 35 years. Yesterday I I made it carefully with all
said Kamalam, let’s have expired stuff . I said Kamalam,
and ruff ed East’s ace. Know
T
oday’s deal was monds, where all weak two support for this particular the ace of hearts. This drew looked at Kamalam in slow motion
played recently in bids are opened with a bid use. all of the enemy trumps and like Rajini looking at bull J. Mathrubootham
China. South was of two diamonds, has the Gunga gave up on spades, there was still one trump
a Chinese expert world looking for other pos knowing that West had fi ve left in dummy. Gunga used
known by his sible uses for opening bids of them, and made the prac it to take a ruffi ng fi nesse
nickname — Gunga. As of two hearts and two tical bid of four hearts. He against West’s king of
we’ve said before, the popu spades. The result on this played the queen from dum spades and ended up taking
larity of Multi Two Dia deal is not likely to garner my on the opening club lead all 13 tricks! Nicely done! THE SUNDAY CROSSWORD NO. 3094
QUIZ
2 In ancient India, after abdominal
surgeries, when closing inci
sions, a certain entity would be used
Early 1950s The virus responsible for conjunctivitis was discovered
in Chennai. GETTY IMAGES
*
10 Melatonin is a hormone re
leased by the pineal gland that
Across
1 Pieces of legacy media: limp nerd finally is
getting thousands (6,5)
5 Hot air from 19th choice of squad? (5)
6 Spaced, Ideal, Taxi, Catastrophe,
Outnumbered, Miranda and Seinfeld
to hold the two ends of a wound to regulates sleep and wakefulness in 9 Berlioz finally ignored fussy sforzato, primarily? (7)
gether and then cut off , so that the part of the eye and the inner surface Egyptians fi rst recorded its symp the body. It has been proved that in a way (2,1,4) 7 See a guard’s job brought about level-
part that was holding the wound of the eyelid caused by infectious mi toms on papyrus more than 3000 light from a popular artifi cial device 10 Box with Her Majesty somewhere headedly (5,2,1,5)
closed would remain. Once the ex crobes. In the early 1950s the adeno years back. The very fi rst clinical test hampers the production of melato on the River Dee (7) 8 Under a dark sun, crazily strong cannabis
ternal incision was stitched up using virus responsible for it was sup for this disease was in India where nin and thereby interferes with the 11 Depreciate how Cockney cavalryman gets you stoned (5,2,1,5)
travelled (5) 13 Old cove coming before academic for
thread, the stomach juices would en posed to have been discovered at the ants were used for confi rming diag sleep cycle. Unfortunately nowadays
12 Pacify mad clown on the rampage (4,4) mighty battle (10)
sure that the entities holding the Government Ophthalmic Hospital in nosis. Even during the later centu people seem to spend more time on
14 That satire will be undisciplined if things 16 Everyman sent cog spinning in
wound together slowly dissolve, by Egmore, Chennai, which is the se ries European doctors used to taste this. What device is this? continue as they are (2,4,4) barroom device (3,5)
which time the wound would have cond oldest ophthalmic hospital in the urine of patients to confi rm this ........................................................................ 15 Last 40% of ‘mercy killings’: most of 18 Some member like 6, they say (7)
healed. What were these early forms the world. This led to this disease disease. What problem is this which A molecular biologist from Madurai, world’s population (4) 20 Crippling game in old America (7)
of ‘staples’? getting a particular term. What is the is one of the fastest growing diseas our quizmaster enjoys trivia and 17 Some impeached a persistently 22 Greek troops not willing to
common name for conjunctivitis? es, thanks to more people living se music, and is working on a rock dull pain (4) participate (5)
natural causes, rather than blaming
supernatural occurrences. He advo
cated patientcentred medicine and
tal health was aff ected by the
phases of the moon but various stu
dies have disproved this. But it was
7 Ernst Moro was an Austrian pae
diatrician who discovered that
breastfed children had stronger 10. Mobile phones
investigated (8)
23 Cheat with a set of playing cards (5)
25 Singer’s floral ornament (7)
Solution No. 3093
that healers should be clinicians, so prevalent that one of the words bactericidal activity in their blood
9. Smallpox 26 President that’s kind of green (7)
27 Word-botching and the like? (11)
8. Aspirin
making close observations and using we use to describe insanity is de than bottlefed ones. His biggest con 7. Diarrhoea
rational thinking processes. He also rived from the Latin word for moon. tribution was carrot soup. Known as 6. Diabetes Down
emphasised the moral and ethical What is this term that you’ve proba Moro’s carrot soup, he peeled and 5. Lunacy
1 Florida salesman using every effort (4,3)
dimensions of medical care. Who bly used to describe someone as be pureed carrots in water, added salt
4. Madras Eye
Hippocratic oath is named 2 Old, almost stately Italian love song (1,4,3)
was this pioneering healer? ing mad? and served it. This simple dish expo 3. Hippocrates, after whom the 3 Perhaps artisanal terrine eaten for
nentially decreased the death of ba 2. Ants starters? (4)
4 Conjunctivitis is infl ammation of
6 This disease has been plaguing bies off a then deadly (now simple) 4 Boots out Democrats: Biden’s finally im-
1. Listerine, Joseph Lister
the outermost layer of the white mankind for thousands of years. issue. What is it?
Answers plicated (3,7)
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illustration: R. Rajesh
Anusua Mukherjee left the comfort of her home for Lon mail [Merchant] to each other in En
don, to join the Royal Academy of gland, we were all friends. The initial
I
had been fretting over the pros
pect of interviewing Madhur
Jaff rey at the Jaipur Literature ‘I am an 60 MINUTES WITH
MADHUR JAFFREY
Dramatic Art in 1955, everything
changed. “There is this peagreen
smog that comes in at 3 o’clock and
plan was that my exhusband, Saeed
Jaff rey, and I would go back to India
and start a touring theatrical compa
actress
Festival ( JLF) from even before you see nothing. This was just after ny there. Jim said that was a wonder
I boarded the fl ight early this The cookery legend the War, and the food was simply aw ful idea for a fi lm and we would sit
year. The reason is shameful: my ful. I was dreaming of hing jeere ki and discuss it in his apartment. Then
knowledge of cooking begins and who almost single- alu or bhara hua karela while having he went to India and met the Ken
ends with boiling Maggi noodles.
What could I possibly ask the
handedly some watery cabbage mess or tran
sparent roast beef at the canteen.”
dals, whom he wanted in his fi lm.
But what would happen to me? So
who
cookery legend who singlehandedly popularised Indian Out of desperation, she started writ Jhabvala [the story and screenplay
changed the way the West thinks ing letters to her mother, asking for writer] created the character of Man
about Indian cuisine with her BBC cuisine in the West recipes. Jaff rey tells me later: “I jula so that I could be in it as well.
plays the
show and cookbooks? But I had a talks about how she wasn’t taught cooking. I am self That’s the story. When Saeed and I
fallback ready: Shakespeare Wallah, taught through my mother’s hand were divorced, they were very angry
that deliciously decadent 1965 Mer taught herself written recipes. But I must have had with him, so they kicked him out.”
chantIvory fi lm about a British thea a good palate, although I didn’t
trical company in postIndepen cooking from her know the word ‘palate’ at the time. I Like a serpent
dence India for which Jaff rey won could instinctively translate a three Did she see the Silver Bear coming
mother’s notes and
the Silver Bear for Best Actress at the
Berlin International Film Festival
that year. I couldn’t wait to hear part of a how she was
shoehorned into
line recipe into a dish and through
trial and error I got it right.”
for her performance in Shakespeare
Wallah? “No, not at all. When the
award was announced, everybody
cook’
what she had to say about working Food memories was shocked since they expected
with James Ivory, Ismail Merchant, From 1973, when Jaff rey wrote her Felicity Kendal to win and not me. I
Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, and, above
Shakespeare Wallah fi rst cookbook, An Invitation to In- said, what can I do? Jim said, go apol
all, Satyajit Ray, who had composed dian Cooking, a lot of preconcep ogise to Felicity. I felt great but also
the fi lm’s music. tions and misconcep felt bad...,” she says,
When I see the petite lady walking tions about Indian food smiling mischievously.
towards me in the authors’ lounge at in the West have Then I get to the ques
Diggi Palace hotel, I have a déjà vu changed, so much so tion I was itching to
moment: this is Manjula from Sha- that chicken tikka masa My escort turned ask: how was Ray?
kespeare Wallah — the same danger la is now arguably the out to be Marlon “I interacted with
ous eyes, the same wicked halfsmile national dish of Britain. Brando, who was him later in funny
— only, this time, she is dressed in an What is Jaff rey’s take on my hero! Brando ways, but not during
everyday salwarkameez rather than this? “Some people have Shakespeare Wallah.
the chic attire of the Bollywood diva learnt nothing, but there and Ray sat on Jim conceptualised
she played in the fi lm. And she de are many others who either side of me, me as a serpent in the
clares cattily, if a bit wearily, that she have read my books and talking to each fi lm and, if you notice,
will keep the interview short with their attitude to Indian other across me. I Manjula’s entry is al
“chhota chhota” replies, defl ating food is a little diff erent tried to speak ways accompanied by
my enthusiasm. now. When I cooked on a serpentlike music —
but... I was so
TV in England, attitudes that’s what Ray did for
■ Her family was A performance started changing. En scared of them my character, that
actively The fi rst question I ask is how she gland is fi lled with peo much I know. Much la
involved in the would like to defi ne herself — as an ple with Indian blood ter, when Shakespeare
freedom actor, a writer, or cookery expert. who are hardly aware of it but I think Wallah was getting an award from
struggle. At 10,
Pat comes the reply: “I am an actress some memory, some historical con the President in Delhi, I was there
she would spin
spools of who acts the part of a cook.” So is nection, stays. The show just with my father, who was telling his
thread on there a distance between her ‘real’ brought back memories for them. friends disparagingly, ‘Iski toh hobby
the charkha self and her cooking persona? America doesn’t have this connec hain (acting is her hobby),’ as was his
“There’s no distance as such but I tion. The British never liked Indians wont. My supposed escort turned
■ In 2004, she am also watching myself. And it’s a but they liked Indian food.” She out to be Marlon Brando, who was
was named
kind of performance because I am adds, “I have three generations of my hero! Brando and Ray sat on eith
an honorary
Commander of really an actress.” And what about Westerners and Indians who learnt er side of me, talking to each other
the Order of her writerly self ( Jaff rey is the author to cook from my books and taught across me. I tried to speak but wha
the British not only of some 30 cookbooks but their children, and now those chil tever I tried to say was wrong. So I
Empire for her also of the delightful memoir, Climb- dren are cooking for their children told myself, chup baithi raho, inko
services to ing the Mango Trees, about growing from my books. It’s very gratifying.” baatein karne do (sit quietly, let them
cultural up in a sprawling, affl uent Delhi fa Does she relate to the term, ‘foo talk). I didn’t have much to say, I was
relations mily, surrounded by sumptuous die’, as it is used now, involving, for so scared of them.”
between India,
food in the fi nal years of the Raj, and the most part, Instagram posts on After such a long reply, Jaff rey
the U.K., and
the U.S.
Robi Dobi: The Marvellous Adven- the food one is having in fancy res looks visibly exhausted and I try to
tures of an Indian Elephant, a chil taurants? Jaff rey scoff s, “That I think wrap it up. “Do you still cook at
■ Her latest dren’s book, among others)? “Even is being obsessed with taking pic home,” I ask her. “Yes. Though I
celluloid outing while writing, I am trying to be as tures of food and showing off . The would rather somebody else did it
is as a badass honest as I can, which is also so younger generation is very much in now that I am 86. But they won’t
grandma in a
mething an actress does. Be honest to that little gadget you have there make it as well as I do.” She leaves
music video
for the and clean and clear, instinctive, in [pointing at my phone] and into me with an admonishment when I
New York- telligent — all the qualities you want sending around what they are doing confess my cooking prowess: “Kyun
based rapper in an actress, I bring to my writing to all their friends — it’s a new atti nehi sikhti ho? Ghar mein koi sikhane-
Mr. Cardamom too, I hope,” she says. tude that I don’t have. I don’t want to wala nahi hain or you don’t want to
Earlier that day, I had attended tell the world what I am eating, I just learn? (Why don’t you learn? Don’t
■ Her latest
Jaff rey’s session, ‘Climbing the Man want to enjoy it.” you have anybody to teach you at
book,
published go Trees: Food and Memory’, with While we are on changing home?) You have to learn to cook
last year, is of author Chandrahas Choudhury, worlds, I pop the question about her some basic things, even if it is one
recipes tailored where she had talked about how she Shakespeare Wallah days. Her eyes sabzi, chawal or roti — something
for the fi rst started cooking — out of necessi light up. She says, “I was very young, simple that you can enjoy. Somebo
Instant Pot ty rather than passion. Once she had I introduced James [Ivory] and Is dy teach her.”
O
ne of the greatest joys groan under the weight of Easter ‘Fat Tuesday’ when we gorged our idli’s convex contours. tion of that one constant even in
of childhood is that in goodies? The answer may be a re selves silly on white crêpelike pan Texturally, a sanna is spongier, the year of the pandemic.
toxicating cocktail of sounding No. But what’s the harm cakes, their portly bellies stuff ed with a glossy white fi nish unlike the .......................................................................
hope and anticipation. in a bit of vicarious feasting to get with a lurid pink sweet coconut fi ll more crumbly idli — although often The Mumbai-based writer and
In these days of social our mind off the gloom? ing. Little did we know then that the red Goan parboiled rice ren restaurant reviewer is passionate
distancing and Sunday masses that Growing up in a devoutly Cathol the white pancake signifi ed the bo ders a few tiny red fl ecks onto a san about food, travel and luxury, not
stream online, I can’t help but won ic household, hope and anticipa dy of Christ and the pink stuffi ng, na’s surface. Its accompaniments necessarily in that order.
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