Company Specification For Fixed and Floating Offshore Platforms Decommissioning and Relevant Sea Bed Reclamation

Eni S.p.A.
Exploration & Production Division
COMPANY SPECIFICATION
COMPANY SPECIFICATION FOR FIXED AND

FLOATING OFFSHORE PLATFORMS
DECOMMISSIONING AND RELEVANT SEA BED
RECLAMATION
20537.VOF.GEN.SDS
September 2005
2
1 Final Issue TECNOMARE TEIC TEIC 09/2005
0 Preliminary Issue for Comments TECNOMARE TEIC TEIC 11/2004
REV. DESCRIPTION COMP. VERIF. APPR. DATE
Eni S.p.A. 20537.VOF.GEN.SDS
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FOREWARD
Considering that several production and or process facilities are close to the end of
their commercial life, the process of plants decommissioning and abandonment
begin to be a serious issue for all Oil Companies.
ENI policy requests to deal with the matter of plant decommissioning and
abandonment in an environmentally and economically sustainable way.
In order to comply with ENI policy, the decommissioning activity shall be developed
and controlled as a development project.
In this respect, the following steps are foreseen:

A. Residual value Study
B. Contact with authorities
C. Preparation of a decommissioning plan
D. Basic engineering, preparation if ITB documentation and selecting of a
suitable contractor
E. Detailed engineering and offshore / onshore activities
F. Project closure: lessons learned and feed back to new plants
design / construction
Particularly steps from “B” to “D” are of strategic importance to keep the costs of the
project at the lowest possible level and, in the same time, to reduce the impact of
the E&P activities on the environment.
The present specification is to be intended as a support for the ENI E&P department
and / or for the Contractor in charge of the steps C and D of the decommissioning
project, to produce a reliable ITB and / or basic documentation.
For this reason, the present document contains several general requirements
applicable to the decommissioning of a generic asset, abandoned in generic
conditions.
During the engineering phase of the project, the present document will be emended
to get it applicable to the specific plant decommissioning. Notwithstanding this, and
for the only purpose of basic or ITB documentation preparation, requirements of the
present document shall be considered as mandatory, hence any deviation shall be
authorized by ENI E&P representative.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWARD .......................................................................................................................................................... 2
1. SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT ................................................................................................................... 5
2. CONFLICTS AND DEVIATIONS .............................................................................................................. 6
3. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................... 7
4. DEFINITION OF TERMS............................................................................................................................ 9
5. GENERALITIES ......................................................................................................................................... 10
6. TENDER PHASE ......................................................................................................................................... 12

6.1 INVITATION TO TENDER .......................................................................................................................... 12
6.2 TENDER DOCUMENTATION ..................................................................................................................... 14
7. PROJECT MANAGEMENT...................................................................................................................... 16
7.1 CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 16
7.2 PROJECT MANAGEMENT TEAM............................................................................................................... 17
8. ENGINEERING STUDIES AND DOCUMENTATION (DURING EXECUTION PHASE)........... 19
8.1 GENERALITIES......................................................................................................................................... 19
9. DECOMMISSIONING SEQUENCE DEFINITION............................................................................... 21
9.1 GENERALITIES......................................................................................................................................... 21
10. SITE SURVEY ......................................................................................................................................... 22
10.1 GENERALITIES......................................................................................................................................... 22
11. OFFSHORE ACTIVITIES PLANNING .............................................................................................. 23
11.1 GENERALITIES......................................................................................................................................... 23
11.2 OFFSHORE ACTIVITIES STAFF ................................................................................................................. 23
12. PLATFORM CONDITIONS.................................................................................................................. 24
12.1 GENERALITIES......................................................................................................................................... 24
13. PLATFORM SECURING....................................................................................................................... 26
13.1 GENERALITIES......................................................................................................................................... 26
13.2 SAFETY VERIFICATIONS.......................................................................................................................... 26
13.3 H2S CONTAINING LINES AND EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................. 27
13.4 ASBESTOS CONTAINING MATERIALS (ACM)......................................................................................... 27
13.5 FIRE FIGHTING AND FIRE PREVENTION .................................................................................................. 27
14. TEMPORARY UTILITY SYSTEM...................................................................................................... 28
14.1 GENERALITIES......................................................................................................................................... 28
15. MECHANICAL / ELECTRICAL ISOLATION.................................................................................. 29
15.1 GENERALITIES......................................................................................................................................... 29
16. HEALTH AND SAFETY ENVIRONMENT........................................................................................ 30
16.1 GENERALITIES......................................................................................................................................... 30
16.2 WORK PERMIT PROCEDURE .................................................................................................................... 31
16.3 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ........................................................................................................................ 31
16.4 FIRE FIGHTING AND FIRE PROTECTION................................................................................................... 32
16.5 NORM MATERIALS .................................................................................................................................. 33
16.6 EQUIPMENT LIFTING ............................................................................................................................... 33
16.7 WORKS ON ELEVATED PLATFORMS ........................................................................................................ 34
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16.8 CONFINED SPACES .................................................................................................................................. 34

16.9 HAZARDS RELATED WITH H2S................................................................................................................ 35
16.10 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STORAGE ................................................................................................... 36
16.11 ASBESTOS CONTAINING MATERIAL (ACM) ...................................................................................... 36
16.12 FIRST AID ASSISTANCE ....................................................................................................................... 37
16.13 OTHER REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................................................... 37
17. DRAINING AND DEPRESSURISATION ........................................................................................... 38
17.1 GENERALITIES......................................................................................................................................... 38
17.2 H2S CONTAINING LINES AND EQUIPMENT.............................................................................................. 39
18. FLUSHING, CLEANING AND GAS DISPLACEMENT .................................................................. 40
18.1 GENERALITIES......................................................................................................................................... 40
18.2 TANK ENTERING AND CLEANING ........................................................................................................... 42
19. OFFSHORE DISMANTLING ............................................................................................................... 43
19.1 GENERALITIES......................................................................................................................................... 43
19.2 EQUIPMENT AND LINES DISMANTLING ................................................................................................... 44
19.3 TANK DISMANTLING ............................................................................................................................... 44
19.4 DECK OR MSF DISMANTLING ................................................................................................................. 44
19.5 JACKET REMOVAL .................................................................................................................................. 45
19.6 SUB SEA STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS .................................................................................................... 47
19.7 UMBILICAL, RISERS AND FLOWLINES ...................................................................................................... 48
19.8 FLOATING STRUCTURES MOORING SYSTEMS......................................................................................... 49
19.9 LOADING AND TRANSPORTATION ........................................................................................................... 49
20. OFFOSHORE STRUCTURES DISMANTLING AT TEMPORARY DISPOSAL AREA............ 51
20.1 GENERALITIES......................................................................................................................................... 51
20.2 MATERIAL DISPOSAL .............................................................................................................................. 52
20.3 TEMPORARY LAY-DOWN AREA RECLAMATION .................................................................................... 52
21. FINAL DISPOSAL AREAS.................................................................................................................... 53
21.1 GENERALITIES......................................................................................................................................... 53
22. SEABED RECLAMATION.................................................................................................................... 54
22.1 GENERALITIES......................................................................................................................................... 54
23. END OF WORKS APPROVAL ............................................................................................................. 55
23.1 GENERALITIES......................................................................................................................................... 55
24. CERTIFICATION AND DOCUMENTATION................................................................................... 56
24.1 GENERALITIES......................................................................................................................................... 56
25. MATRIX OF RESPONSIBILITIES...................................................................................................... 57
APPENDIX I – TABLE EFFLUENT DISCHARGE LIMITATIONS.......................................................... 58
APPENDIX II – CRUDE OIL STORAGE TANKS – OVERVIEW OF THE MOST COMMONLY

USED CLEANING METHODS ......................................................................................................................... 61
APPENDIX III – FINAL DISPOSAL AREAS................................................................................................. 67
APPENDIX IV - A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE MOST COMMONLY USED METHODS FOR

JACKET PILES SEVERING ............................................................................................................................. 70
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1. SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT
1.1.1 This Company specification governs the decommissioning of ENI Offshore

Fixed Assets. It does not apply to Onshore Installations, to wellheads and
relevant conductors decommissioning and to plant mothballing.
1.1.2 The scope of this document is to give the minimum mandatory general
requirements governing the ENI Offshore Fixed Assets decommissioning.
To determine how to carry out a specific plant decommissioning, the
Company shall issue a Technical specification referred to the specific plant
activity.
1.1.3 The decommissioning matter is regulated by International Convention,
Regional Convention and National/Local Legislation (reported in Chapter 3).
It is Contractor responsibility to apply the above categorization, including
also EPSA and Company’s standards.
It is Contractor responsibility to apply the above categorization including
also EPSA.
1.1.4 Compliance of the job to be performed with the requirements of this
specification does not relieve the Contractor from his responsibility to
provide a reliable job in accordance with the good engineering practices.
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2. CONFLICTS AND DEVIATIONS
2.1.1 Any conflicts between this specification and other applicable ENI Standards,
project documentation, applicable regional, international and local
regulations, industry standards, codes and forms shall be communicated in
a written form by Contractor to the Company.
2.1.2 It will be Company responsibility to solve in writing any conflict highlighted
by Contractor between this Company Specification and other applicable
documentation. No job can be executed before all the highlighted conflicts
have been solved.
2.1.3 All Bidders’ requests deviating from this Company Specification shall be
directed in a written form to the Company before contract award date.
Any request submitted after contract award date will be rejected. No job can
be carried out before all requests for deviation have been accepted
and / or clarified.
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3. REFERENCES
The decommissioning project in all its phases, shall comply (where applicable),
with the latest revision of the following standards, international regulations and
guidelines (that are to be considered as integral part of this Company specification):
ENI HSE Technical Guideline for Decommissioning Activities
(Doc. N. 1.3.1.61 Rev. 0)
Specifica Tecnica – Servizi rimozione piattaforme offshore – ENI doc.
N. 040000 BOST 40901 – REV 2 – Giugno 1997
E&P forum report N. 2.58/196 dated Sept/1993 – “Waste Management
Guidelines”
API publ. 7102 – Methods for Measuring Naturally Occurring Radioactive
Materials (NORM) in Petroleum Production Equipment
API publ. 7103 – Management and disposal alternatives for Naturally
Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) Wastes in Oil Production and Gas
Plant Equipment
API Bull E3 Management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material in Oil and
Gas Production
API RP 2015 – Safe Entry and cleaning of Petroleum Storage Tanks, planning
and management Tank entry from Decommissioning to Re-commissioning
API RP 2016 – Guidelines and procedures for entering and cleaning Petroleum
Storage Tanks
API RP 2202 – Dismantling and disposing of steel from aboveground Leaded
Gasoline Storage Tank
OSHA Safety and Health Regulation for Construction – Part 1926 – Subpart Z
- Toxic and Hazardous Substances – Std. n. 1926.1101 – Asbestos
EPA Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) number 2003-40-CFR-763 – Asbestos
– Subpart M – National Emission Standard for Asbestos
SICI document number 1.6.3.2 – Rev. 0 August – 1994 – Linee guida per la
sicurezza durante la costruzione
IMO – International Maritime Organization - Guidelines and Standards for the
Removal of Offshore Installations and Structures on the Continental Shelf and
in the Exclusive Economic Zone
Convention for the protection of the marine environment of the north-east
Atlantic, 1992 (OSPAR Convention)
1972 Oslo Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment by
Dumping from Ships and Aircraft
1974 Paris Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Land-Based
Sources
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982 (UNCLOS)
Convention on the Protection of Marine Environment and the Costal Regions
of Mediterranean (Barcelona Convention)
ENI E&P Division - Decommissioning of Offshore Structure
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International Convention for Prevention of Pollution from Ships 1973

(MARPOL)
Helsinki Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic
Sea Area, 1974
Protocol of 1978 relating to the International Convention for Prevention of
Pollution from Ships 1973 (MARPOL Protocol)
Protocol for the protection of Mediterranean Sea against Pollution Resulting
from Exploration and Exploitation of the Continental Shelf and the Sea Bed
and its sub-soil, 1994
Exploration and Production (E&P) – Disposal of Disused Offshore Concrete
Gravity Platforms in the OSPAR Maritime Area. - E&P Forum. Feb 2003.
Report n. 338
DNV-RP-H102 – Marine Operations During Removal of Offshore Installations –
April 2004
API RP2A – Recommended practice for Planning Designing and Constructing
of Fixed Offshore Platforms – WSD – 19Th edition – 1989
A guide to risk assessment and to risk management for environmental
protection. HMSO. London 1995
The removal of Offshore Installation: a compilation of International rules,
Guidelines and Standards. E&P Forum Report n. 10.11/193. June 1993
Decommissioning Offshore Oil and Gas Installations: Finding the Right
Balance. A discussion papier. E&P Forum 1995
UNEP – IE publication: Storage of Hazardous Materials: A Technical Guide for
Safe Warehousing of Hazardous Materials (TR3). 1990
Any applicable National and international regulations, guidelines and standard
mentioned within the specific plant decommissioning order documentation
E&P Forum offshore Pipeline
SICI Doc. n° 1.6.3.6 Rev. Febbraio 1994 – Procedure e Norme di sicurezza
durante il normale esercizio in piattaforma – Volume 6
Europec ’96 Conferene – “Offshore Facility Removal: how to save cost and
resources” – Della Greca, A. – 1996
ISOPE ’96 Conference – “Decommissioning and Removal Options: which
choice?” – Della Greca, A. - 1996
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4. DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following terms will be used throughout the document:

Company: Owner of the Plant
Contractor: Entity named by Company to carry out execution phase of the
decommissioning project
Decommissioning: Facility closure activity followed by removal of
equipments, vessels and structures (including deck, jacket, SPM, Floating
Structures).
This activity includes the plugging and abandonment of wells
Decommissioning Project – Engineering Phase: Design phase of the
project. It includes: preparation of a decommissioning plan, basic engineering /
ITB docs preparation and selecting of a suitable Contractor for the execution
phase of the project
Decommissioning Project – Execution Phase: Active phase of the project. It
includes: detailed engineering (if any), offshore activities, and final disposal
May: Indicates a possible course of action
Reclamation: Actions required to return a site to a pre-determinated land use
that meets Company, government, and/or local requirements
Remediation: Management of contaminated soil, surface water and
groundwater in order to prevent, minimize or mitigate risks to public health and
safety or to the environment
Shall: Indicates a mandatory course of action
Should: Indicates a preferred course of action
ACM: Asbestos Containing Material
ALARP: As Low As Reasonably Possible
EPSA: Engineering and Production Sharing Agreement
FM: Factory Mutual
LEL: Lowest Explosive Limit
LSTK: Lump Sum Turn Key
NORM: Naturally Occurred Radioactive Material
OEL: Occupational Exposure Limit
ROV: Remote Operated Vehicles
SPM: Single Point Mooring
STEL: Short Term Exposure Limit
TWA: Time Weight Average
UL: Underwriters Laboratories
UFR: Umbilical, Flowline, Riser
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5. GENERALITIES
5.1.1 The execution phase of the decommissioning project shall be developed by

a Contractor qualified by experience in handling such a kind of projects.
Documentation substantiating the Contractor prior experience shall be
included in the bid documentation and reviewed by Company.
The Contractor shall provide Company contact names at the User's location,
in order to allow verification of satisfactory results of referenced project.
At least previous experience in the following activities (as applicable) should
be stated:
Mechanical / Structural dismantling (equipments, vessels and
deck / jacket structures, UFR)
Offshore Marine operation
Crude oil storage tank cleaning
ACM removal – Disposal activities
Seabed remediation / reclamation
Commentary note
Above requirement is not to be intended in the sense that the main Contractor shall have previous experience in
all of the above activities, but that his subcontractor, in charge of one of the above job, shall have experience in
the job itself.
5.1.2 Offshore activities shall be carried out by a Contractor having experience in

jobs carried out in the area, where the field to be decommissioned is
located. Moreover, Contractor shall be fully aware of the work procedures,
laws, regulations and constrains enforced on the aforementioned area.
5.1.3 In case Contractor intends to make use of one or more sub-contractors to
carry out the execution phase of the decommissioning project, it is
mandatory to submit the sub-contractors qualification documentation to
Company attention. Company will evaluate Subcontractors’ experience in
those kind of jobs and reserves the right to disqualifies those
sub-contractors.
5.1.4 Contractor shall be the only responsible for the job carried out by his
sub-contractors; moreover, Contractor shall act as single contact point
between Company and decommissioning team. No direct contact between
Company and eventual sub-contractors shall be accepted.
5.1.5 Responsibility of the execution phase of the decommissioning project shall
be assigned to the Contractor.
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5.1.6 The following steps shall be completed in carrying out the whole
decommissioning project (engineering and execution phase):
Engineering phase
Evaluation of the plant’s AS BUILT engineering documents
Preparation of a preliminary project implementation plan
Applying for and obtaining authorities approval
Preparation of documentation for inquiry (Invitation to Tender)
Tender evaluation & selection of a suitable Contractor
Contract award
Execution phase
Detailed engineering
Site surveys
Work schedule
Mobilization / demobilization of marine spread
Site Preparation
Offshore activities
Onshore dismantling (if applicable) of offshore structures
(Modules, Decks, Equipment)
Means demobilization
Project closure
Decommissioned site periodic surveys (where requested by
applicable laws and regulations)
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6. TENDER PHASE
6.1 INVITATION TO TENDER
6.1.1 Company shall attach to the Invitation to Bid (ITB) the following
documentation:
Scope of work document (including list of
deliverables/documents/certifications to be submitted within the bid)
Commercial information regarding the contractual arrangement,
eventual penalties, bank guarantees and liabilities
Technical specification for the specific site decommissioning activity,
giving the minimum mandatory requirements for the following activities:
✓ Sites preparation (including minimum requirements for utilities and
accommodation systems)
✓ Transportation
✓ Flushing and cleaning
✓ Mechanical electro-instrumental dismantling
✓ Offshore structures dismantling
✓ Disposal of scraps or equipment selling
✓ Disposal of eventual hydrocarbons and chemicals
✓ Disposal of solid and liquid hazardous materials
✓ Seabed reclamation
Tables of expected quantities to be removed, at least for the following
kinds of material:
✓ Steel (split in jacket, deck, modules, URF structure and mechanical
equipment / modules)
✓ Concrete (when applicable)
✓ Copper
✓ Hydrocarbon fillings
✓ Chemical fillings
✓ ACM
✓ Plastic
List of laws, regulations, conventions, guidelines and Company
standards applicable to the specific decommissioning project.
Eventual request to interface “Certification Authority” shall be clearly
specified. Contract and contact with “Certification Authority” will be at
Company care. Contractor shall support the Company on interfacing
with Authorities and on preparing the necessary technical
documentation in order to obtain the authorities permits. Attendance to
meetings is included in Contractor scope of work
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Description of the boundary conditions (i.e. site’s conditions at the time

of hand over to decommissioning Contractor, list of eventual preparatory
works to be done before the decommissioning project execution phase
can be started, etc.)
Matrix of responsibilities / matrix of interfaces
Inspection data sheets (highlighting all required inspections with the
indication of inspection types: certified, witnessed and hold)
Final required seabed condition
Location of facilities to be decommissioned
The following plant documentation (if possible at the latest revision):
✓ Plant technical data book
✓ Plant general lay-out
✓ Site development plan showing all URF etc to be decommissioned
✓ Piping general arrangement drawing
✓ Deck module and jacket structural drawings
✓ Platform’s steel structures general arrangement drawing and
relevant detailed drawings
✓ Equipment list, including weights and dimensions
✓ General arrangement drawing and installation manual of the main
items (i.e. turbo-generators, turbo-compressors, separators, etc)
✓ P&IDs
✓ Electrical switchgear drawings
✓ Seabed profile
✓ Installation Manuals
✓ Lifting and Installation Procedures (steel structures, URF and
FLOATING STRUCTURES)
Site survey general report (including survey check list duly filled in)
Preliminary report on existing fillings (water, hydrocarbons, lube oil
packing, etc)
Preliminary report on possible existing NORMs (Naturally Occurred
Radioactive Material) and relevant procedure for NORMs material
disposal
Photographs of the sites object of the decommissioning project
Information, for decommissioning Contractor, highlighting all possible
risks of injuries for people and environment during the decommissioning
execution
Information relevant to marine environmental conditions with particular
reference to weather windows
HSE requirements
QA/QC requirements
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Upon Contractor request and in addition to the above listed documentation,

Company should provide Contractor with any other information helpful to define the
decommissioning project (i.e. structural calculation reports, installation manuals and
documentation, etc.).
Commentary note
The material quantities provided by Company shall be considered for information only. It shall be Bidders
responsibility to evaluate the actual amounts of the various materials to be removed, on the basis of the
available documentation and eventual site survey.
6.2 TENDER DOCUMENTATION
6.2.1 Bidder shall provide, within his tender, the following documents/information:
Endorsement of Company scope of work
List of deviations from Company specifications and requirements
Preliminary list of conflicts between Company requirements and
applicable national, international and regional laws and regulations
Breakdown of activities to be carried out, including general description
of procedure for the following activities:
✓ Mobilization of marine spread and vessels
✓ Offshore plant preparation
✓ Clean up (including sea-lines)
✓ Sea-lines removal or preparation for abandonment in situ
(as applicable)
✓ Mechanical dismantling: modules, equipment and vessels
disconnection from piping and deck structures
✓ Deck or MSF structural dismantling (if applicable)
✓ Jacket removal (if applicable)
✓ Offshore material loading
✓ Sea fastening for material transportation
✓ Disposal of solid or liquid hazardous materials
✓ Disposal of NORM materials (if any)
Preliminary decommissioning project schedule
Preliminary personnel employment plan for each activity
Preliminary list of equipment and tools to be used
Equipment and naval means list and main characteristics
Plan and characteristics of the areas used for disposal
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List of authorized transportation companies that will be used for the

project purposes
List of selected authorized disposal areas for each kind of material
anticipated to be present at site
QA/QC documentation
HSE plan
Reference list for analogue jobs
6.2.2 Upon Company request, Contractor shall also provide any other document
or drawing necessary to better define the decommissioning process.
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7. PROJECT MANAGEMENT
7.1 CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS
7.1.1 Company’s order of preference for contractual arrangement is the following:

LSTK contract (engineering, surveys, offshore activities and project
management)
Unit prices
Daily rates
Clarification note
The preferred contract arrangement is the LSTK, however it can be applied only in those cases when the scope
of work of the project has been clearly defined by Company (with particular reference to the facilities to be kept
in place and or refurbished to be reused for a purpose other then the Oil and Gas activities). In other cases,
when the scope of work is not so clear and a LSTK contract is difficult to be applied, a unit prices approach can
be applied.
In case of LSTK contract, in order to have the possibility to compare effectively the economic amounts of the
received proposals, it is advisable request the Bidders to quote, on unit cost basis, a certain amount of
extra-works and carry out the comparison considering the economic amounts derived adding to the lump sum
price, the price evaluated considering at least a 5% of extra-works. In fact likely they will be portions of plant
and/or activities not considered in the preliminary project implementation plan that can show up after contract
award phase.
A Daily rates approach is to be applied only for very small projects and it requires a tight control by Company of
the project progress.
7.1.2 Any information provided by Company in terms of concrete, steel, plastic

and other materials quantities is to be intended for information only. It will be
Contractor responsibility to evaluate the actual amount of the
above-mentioned quantities on the basis of the available documentation and
site surveys. Contractor will not be entitled for any claim related to eventual
incorrect information.
7.1.3 Company is entitled to request Contractor to re-execute any works
demonstrated to be defective or not in accordance with Contract provisions.
In no way Contractor can be entitled to claim for such a kind of requests.
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7.2 PROJECT MANAGEMENT TEAM
7.2.1 Contractor shall exercise an effective project management through a

dedicated project management team appointed to control the whole project,
both for engineering and Offshore activities phases.
7.2.2 Contractor project management team shall include at least the following key
figures (the number of people depends on the project complexity):
Project Manager
Project Engineer
Interface Manager
Planner and cost control Coordinator
QA / QC manager
Procurement / contracting Manager
Engineering HSE Manager
Offshore Manager
Offshore HSE Manager
Offshore activities Coordinator
Marine Operations Superintendent (divers superintendent / lifting
mean supervisor)
Site project Engineer
Site QA/QC Manager
Commentary note
Due to the project complexity, some of the above listed positions can be covered by a single person only
(i.e. the project manager can act as interface manager too).
7.2.3 Company shall approve the appointed Contractor’s project management

team prior to his commencement upon the work. Once approved, the
Project management team shall be exclusively dedicated to the project.
Removing of any member of the appointed Contractor’s project
management team from the project shall not be allowed without a prior
written approval from Company representative.
7.2.4 The appointed Project manager shall have the full authority to act in behalf
of the Contractor for all matters pertinent to the contract. Moreover, he shall
be the sole contact point between Company and Contractor.
7.2.5 For offshore activities, Contractor shall appoint an offshore resident
representative. The site resident representative can be either the project
manager (in case he will mobilize at site) or the offshore manager.
In the second case and for the offshore activities only, the appointed
offshore manager shall have full authority to act on behalf of the Contractor
for all matters pertinent to the contract. Moreover, he shall be the sole
contact point between Company and Contractor.
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7.2.6 For the offshore activities Contractor shall appoint a deputy offshore
resident representative to cover the back to back shift periods.
7.2.7 In case the contract is split in more than one package, a main Contractor
shall be nominated for the execution of the whole job. The responsibility of
the interfaces between the various Contractors is to be assigned to the main
Contactor.
7.2.8 After contract award date, the Contractor shall develop a Project execution
plan to be submitted for Company approval. The Project execution plan
shall be the Contractor’s plan for work execution and completion in
accordance with Company requested plan.
7.2.9 The Project execution plan shall include at least the following:
Contract scope of work
Contractor planning and scheduling information (bar chart) prepared on
the basis of three levels of details
Contractor Project Organization
Project Management
Document and Data Control
Design Control
Corrective and Preventive actions
Quality Assurance / Control
Safety and Environment
Milestone payment plan
Procedure for progress measurement
7.2.10 The project management team shall keep Company informed about project
progress by means of monthly report document; such report shall include at
least the following:
Narrative report of the whole project highlighting the activities carried
out during the last two weeks
Description of the main areas of concern
List of the activities performed (disregarding if completed or not) within
the last month
A monthly look ahead schedule (enlisting the activities scheduled for the
next two weeks of activities)
Schedule status report highlighting the actual progress against the
scheduled one (such report should include Contractor comments and
considerations regarding the actual progress and the reasons of
eventual delays)
Project bar chart showing, for each activity, the actual progress against
the scheduled one
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8. ENGINEERING STUDIES AND DOCUMENTATION

(DURING EXECUTION PHASE)
8.1 GENERALITIES
8.1.1 Contractor shall submit a Decommissioning Manual including all drawings,

procedures and documents in order to describe the modalities and the
schedule for carrying out the offshore plant decommissioning. At least the
following milestones shall be described in the manual.
Decommissioning procedures describing the detailed modalities for
carrying out the following activities:
✓ Plant Systems Shutdown (to be executed by Company)
✓ Yard Mobilization
✓ Offshore plant preparation
✓ Clean up (purging / flushing and liquid filling recovery)
✓ Mechanical dismantling: modules, vessels and equipment
disconnection from piping and deck structures
✓ Deck structural dismantling (if applicable)
✓ Jacket removal (if applicable)
✓ Heavy lifting and towing analysis
✓ Sea-lines / Risers removal or preparation for abandonment in situ
(as applicable)
✓ Material sea fastening
✓ Material transportation
✓ Onshore temporary lay-down areas features, locations and facilities
✓ Disposal of solid or liquid hazardous materials
✓ Disposal of NORM materials
Marine operations study
Drawings describing module and structures removal / cutting procedure
/ sequence (i.e. Diagrams for temporary and final lifting including
indication of the lifting points and relevant requested calculations and
certifications, diagrams for lines cutting, etc.)
Time schedule of the whole project
Risk assessment study and relevant emergency plan for all stages of
the works
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Schedule of HSE activities including induction and training content and

timing
Fire prevention / protection procedure
Description of field final configuration
Updated weight control report (only in case the platform will not be
entirely removed)
Safety procedures and work instructions (i.e. work permit
requirements, etc)
8.1.2 At the time of KOM a list of sensitive documents shall be defined.
All sensitive drawings shall be submitted to Company approval before
execute the relevant activities. Activities related to documents approved with
comments can be executed only providing that, all Company comments will
be accounted for during job execution.
8.1.3 Any request to deviate from the approved procedures shall be submitted in
writing for Company approval. The request shall clearly detail the new
procedures the Contractor wishes to follow and the reasons behind which
the agreed procedures cannot be applied anymore. No job can be executed
without obtaining Company approval of the request for deviation.
8.1.4 Eventual technical specifications or any other documentation to be
“issued for order” to eventual sub contractors shall be submitted for
Company approval before the relevant contract can be awarded.
8.1.5 At the end of activities, Contractor shall submit to Company a Final Quality
Book. Such book shall collect all certificates, test reports, verification
reports, daily data log. report, post decommissioning survey report
(containing also video recorder), certification of water deep clearance
(for artificial reef and toppling in situ) etc. All documents included in the
Final Quality Book shall bear Company signature for acceptance.
Commentary note
Plant facilities shut down sequence shall be provided by Company. However, It is advisable to define the shut
down sequence in cooperation with the decommissioning contractor in order to satisfy, as much as possible, his
requirements for a safe, reliable and economic decommissioning process.
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9. DECOMMISSIONING SEQUENCE DEFINITION
9.1 GENERALITIES
9.1.1 For the purpose of decommissioning project, the plant shall be split into
systems. Contractor shall study the most appropriate sequence for systems
shut down considering the requirements from paragraph 9.1.1 to 9.1.4 of
this Company Specification.
9.1.2 Shut down sequence of plant equipment shall be engineered taking into
consideration all applicable process requirements (i.e. any hot oil pump can
not be shut down until the oil has reached a fixed minimum
temperature, etc.).
9.1.3 The shut down sequence shall provide the following systems / structures to
be maintained in operation as long as possible in order to ensure a safe and
reliable decommissioning process:
Firefighting
Open and closed blow down systems and relevant waste water
treatment facilities
Flare and vent system
Helideck and relevant facilities
Instrument and plant Air
Decks, Bridges, Boat Landing etc
9.1.4 Removal sequence shall be deeply studied in order to avoid interferences
during equipment removal.
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10. SITE SURVEY
10.1 GENERALITIES
10.1.1 In case the Bidders will be requested to carry out a site survey to verify the
actual status of the field to be decommissioned before submit their proposal,
Company shall take the responsibility of ensuring plant safeness for the
survey visit.
10.1.2 In order to prepare the ITB documentation, a site survey visit shall be paid
to verify the actual status of the facilities. During such visit the verifications
requested by an applicable checklist shall be performed.
10.1.3 Contractor shall be requested to plan a survey visit to the plant to be
decommissioned within the first month after contract award date.
10.1.4 Contractor shall observe and comply with Company HSE procedures and
requirements during the site surveys.
10.1.5 Environmental conditions shall be assessed in order to evaluate whether the
design ones are still applicable or if new environmental data shall be
considered.
10.1.6 A side Scan Sonar Survey of the areas surrounding eventual sealines and
subsea systems shall be conducted during the engineering phase of the
project. During such survey lines general conditions shall be checked in
order to decide whether the lines can be abandoned in situ or shall be
mandatory removed; anyway the survey result and dismantling options shall
be submitted to the Authorities for approval. Survey results shall be
recorded and records shall be made available at any time for authorities’
verification.
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11. OFFSHORE ACTIVITIES PLANNING
11.1 GENERALITIES
11.1.1 Offshore activities shall be carried out following below sequence:

Process facilities and wells shut down
Plant securing
Set up of a temporary utility system
Electrical and mechanical equipment isolation
Equipment and lines depressurisation and or draining (as applicable)
Sealines and URF draining and flushing
Equipment and lines purging
Equipment and lines flushing
Equipment and lines final gas content verification
Topside installations removal
Deck structures removal (if applicable)
Jacket structures removal (if applicable)
Sea bed reclamation
11.2 OFFSHORE ACTIVITIES STAFF
11.2.1 Contractor staff shall be experienced in offshore activities carried out in

classified areas of oil and gas plants with possible presence of H2S.
11.2.2 Number of people presents should be kept to minimum.
Particularly attention to number of people and people location shall be paid
until the end of flushing/purging activities.
11.2.3 Contractor shall appoint one or more supervisors for each of the disciplines
involved in field decommissioning (mechanical, structural,
electro-instrumental and process).
11.2.4 Contractor shall appoint one or more supervisors for HSE disciplines.
HSE supervisors shall report to the HSE site manager who shall take the
responsibility to enforce the HSE procedures.
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12. PLATFORM CONDITIONS
12.1 GENERALITIES
12.1.1 During wells (floating structure) plug and abandonment, the operator shall
remain on board of the platform (with a reduced number of manpower) in
order to run and maintain the limited production and the safety systems.
12.1.2 The decommissioning Contractor may take over a certain plant system with
the remaining systems still operating.
12.1.3 Contractor shall take over the plant or a plant system, only after that all the
relevant process facilities (some utility systems may be still running)
have been shut in.
12.1.4 It shall be Company (as plant operator) responsibility and care to arrange
for equipment and lines draining, depressurisation and flushing before hand
over the plant to the decommissioning Contractor. Responsibility of the
relevant verifications and certifications shall be assigned to Contractor.
12.1.5 The following tables shall be used as plant hand over document.
EQUIPMENT / MODULES CHECK LIST
Functional Item Electrical Mechanical Final Gas Safety Ready for

Depressurised Drained Purged Flushed
Unit No. Isolation Isolation Content Verification Dismantling
URF CHECK LIST
Final
Functional Line Safety Ready for
Depressurised Drained Purged Flushed Gas
Unit No. Verification Dismantling
Content
12.1.6 All checks of above point 12.1.5 shall be witnessed by a Company

representative and endorsed by Contractor QA / QC inspector.
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12.1.7 Plant conditions before starting the dismantling activities, shall be as

follows:
Process equipment and piping
Plant has been shut down and production is cut
Equipment, modules and lines have been isolated by closing the
relevant isolation valves. Valves have been locked, and for re-opening a
work permit is required
Liquid hydrocarbons, rotating equipment lube oils and chemicals have
been recovered
All piping and equipment have been drained and flushed
All gas lines and equipment have been depressurised up to flare
pressure. Drain and vent valves have been closed
Any items of equipment and/or line containing gas have been purged or
filled with water or nitrogen in order to displace the gas through the flare
system
Isolation valves of lines connected with the plant have been closed and
locked. Lines have been blinded at plant battery limits
Electric circuits
Incomer circuit breakers have been opened and extracted at main
switchboard; local operation selector switches have been turned to “Off”
position
Electrical Distribution System upstream feeders/starters have been
opened and extracted; local operation selectors switches have been
turned to “Off” position
Electrical motor drawers have been extracted and local selector
switches have been turned to “Off” position
12.1.8 Dismantling activities cannot be started without previous completion of the
testing as described at point 12.1.5. In particular cases, it may be allowed
commencing of removal activities of certain systems with other systems still
operating. This possibility shall always be subjected to Company approval.
Relevant activities shall be deeply engineered and subjected to a work
permit procedure in case they shall take place in electrical or H2S classified
areas.
Commentary note
Once a certain system has been taken over by Contractor, all the activities needed to prepare the system for
dismantling can be commenced at any time (i.e. water draining, equipment internal aeration, etc). Generally,
removal activities with other systems still operating shall be avoided as far as practical. Commencing of removal
activities with the still operating fire fighting and open and closed drain systems shall be always encouraged.
12.1.9 A signed copy of the tables reported in point 12.1.5 shall be included in the
Final Certification Book of the decommissioning project.
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13. PLATFORM SECURING
13.1 GENERALITIES
13.1.1 After the plant hand over documentation has been signed, the responsibility
for plant safeness shall be assigned to the decommissioning Contractor.
It is also decommissioning Contractor responsibility to take all necessary
precautions to avoid any hazard to people and environment. At least the
requirements indicated in this chapter shall be satisfied.
13.1.2 Closed drain system operability shall be checked. If necessary, the system
shall be refurbished in a suitable way to get it operable and the operability
verification shall be repeated up to obtain satisfactory results.
13.1.3 A temporary wastewater treatment and relevant sea sump caisson facility
suitable to handle the wastewater produced by flushing and cleaning
activities should be provided. Sea sump caisson shall be provided with a
pump to handle the recovered oil.
Commentary note
In case the wastewater disposal into sea, the requirement for an operable waste water treatment shall be
considered mandatory. On the contrary, if Contractor intends to collect the wastewater and to dispose it at a
suitable onshore treatment plant, the above requirement can be withdrawn.
13.2 SAFETY VERIFICATIONS
13.2.1 Secondary structure, pipe racks, elevated platforms, gangways and

walkways shall be checked for structural stability. Eventual unstable
elements are to be rendered safe or removed. Eventual hanged loads are to
be secured or removed.
13.2.2 Elevated platforms, gangways and walkways shall be handrailed as
necessary. As alternative people access to the element shall be prevented.
13.2.3 Until the completion of flushing/purging activities, any dead end located on
platforms, walkways or gangways standing at an elevation higher then
2 meters shall be eliminated or, as alternative, access to the platform shall
be prohibited.
13.2.4 Eventual debris that can cause hazards to people and working means shall
be eliminated and disposed in a temporary lay-down area.
13.2.5 The possibility of gas pockets accumulation in open basins and in the
closed and open drain systems shall be deeply investigated. Eventual gas
pockets shall be eliminated.
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13.3 H2S CONTAINING LINES AND EQUIPMENT
13.3.1 Particular attention shall be paid to the possible accidental leaks from any
items of equipment or lines containing H2S. Measurement of the
concentration of H2S in the atmosphere is difficult; therefore H2S contents in
the atmosphere shall be based on the concentration of the H2S in the
process stream. The following table should be applied.
H2S concentration in Derived H2S
gaseous process concentration in air
stream (ppm) (ppm)
> 500 200 to 500
< 500 10 to 200
< 50 < 10
Commentary note
50 ppm in the process stream is the recommended level of H2S concentration below which any accidental leak
is unlikely to cause injuries to people’s health.
The unpleasant odour of H2S that can be even detected at a concentration of 0.02 ppm may not be detectable
at concentration above 100 ppm due to the rapid loss of the sense of smell.
13.4 ASBESTOS CONTAINING MATERIALS (ACM)
13.4.1 Eventual ACM (Asbestos Containing Materials) shall be verified for integrity.
Any damaged ACM shall be removed and segregated in compliance with
the requirements indicated in paragraph 16.12 of this Company
Specification.
13.5 FIRE FIGHTING AND FIRE PREVENTION
13.5.1 Firefighting system operability shall be checked. If necessary, the system

shall be refurbished in a suitable way to get it operable and the verifications
shall be repeated up to obtain satisfactory results. Test results shall be
certified and relevant certification shall be submitted to Company approval
before commencing any activity.
13.5.2 In case the firefighting system cannot be refurbished, the requirements of
the fire protection procedure shall be verified in order to determine whether
portable fire fighting equipment can be provided in lieu of a fixed system.
In case the use of portable firefighting equipment is allowed, the equipment
shall be provided and spread all around the plant; on the contrary,
the existing fire fighting system shall be replaced with a new one
(i.e. temporary diesel driven fire fighting pumps shall be provided, etc).
Commentary note
Requirements of point 13.5.2 are not to be intended in the sense that, if a fixed fire fighting means is available,
than portable fire extinguishers are not requested. In fact portable fire extinguishers are to be used for fire
watching purposes while fixed systems are to be used to fight large fires.
13.5.3 In case a new fire fighting system is provided, the new items shall be tested
to ensure its operability. Test results shall be certified and relevant
certification shall be submitted to Company approval before commencing
any activity. Any new fire fighting equipment shall be UL listed to certify its
suitability for fire fighting use.
13.5.4 Eventual obstructions and impediments to platform’s areas accessibility
shall be removed so that evacuation routes are freely accessible.
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14. TEMPORARY UTILITY SYSTEM
14.1 GENERALITIES
14.1.1 The existing plant utility system is not operable at the time of plan hand over
to decommissioning Contractor. It shall be Contractor responsibility to
arrange a suitable temporary utility system to allow a safe and reliable
decommissioning project development including also accommodation,
catering and transportation.
14.1.2 Company shall provide the Contractor with a document containing the
minimum required facilities to be provided and the description of the
relevant services (i.e. catering, accommodation vessels, etc); At least the
following facilities should be considered:
Fire prevention / protection
Temporary flaring system
Temporary blow down system
Temporary power generation system or, as alternative, an external
source of power
Temporary laboratory
Boat landing / helideck
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15. MECHANICAL / ELECTRICAL ISOLATION
15.1 GENERALITIES
15.1.1 At least the following actions shall be taken either by Company or by

Contractor (responsibilities are defined in the matrix of responsibilities):
Isolation valves of lines connected with the plant shall be closed and
locked
Incoming and outgoing lines shall be blinded at plants’ battery limits
Wellhead valves shall be closed and the connection with relevant flow
lines blinded
Incomer circuit breakers shall be opened and extracted at main
switchboard
Local operation selector switches shall be turned to “Off” position
Electrical Distribution System upstream feeders/starters shall be opened
and extracted
Electrical motor drawers shall be extracted and local selector switches
shall be turned to “Off” position
15.1.2 Once the above actions have been taken, the decommissioning Contractor
cannot operate valves, blinds, switches and or circuit breakers without a
written authorization from safety manager.
15.1.3 Contractor shall be requested to prepare a checklist of the
isolations / verifications to be done. Check list shall be submitted for
Company approval before activities start up.
15.1.4 It shall be Contractor responsibility to verify the isolation of each item of
equipment. Performed verifications results shall be recorded in the checklist
that shall be duly signed by the technician, who makes the verification itself.
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16. HEALTH AND SAFETY ENVIRONMENT
16.1 GENERALITIES
16.1.1 The compliance with the requirements of this paragraph does not relieve the
Contractor from his responsibility in the safety issues related with the
decommissioning project.
16.1.2 Contractor shall appoint at least a HSE manager for the engineering phase
of the project. The HSE manager shall be responsible for the preparation of
HSE procedure for the execution phase of the project.
16.1.3 Contractor shall submit a HSE Plan. Such plan shall describe at least the
following topics (for all phase’s offshore activities, including material
transportation):
Project description
Project organization
Work description
People training for HSE related matters
Subcontractors references
Meeting for HSE related matters
Risk analysis and planning
Accident reports
Emergency procedures
Permit to work procedures and practices
16.1.4 Contractor shall submit a risk analysis and relevant emergency plans of the
decommissioning project including assessment of the risks for people and
environment. The risk assessment shall consider the phases of offshore
activities, transportation and final disposal.
16.1.5 Responsibility for the HSE related matters shall be assigned to the
Contractor site manager who shall be supported by HSE site team.
16.1.6 Contractor shall appoint at least an experienced site HSE manager who
shall be responsible for the application of the procedures prepared during
the engineering phase of the project. Contractor HSE site manager name
shall be approved by Company before his job’s commencement.
16.1.7 All verifications to be done to ensure the platform safeness shall be
witnessed by Company safety manager / yard supervisor or by an
authorized person. The results of the performed verifications shall be
reported in the checklist indicated in paragraph 12.1.5.
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16.2 WORK PERMIT PROCEDURE
16.2.1 Contractor shall submit to Company approval a work permit procedure.

For those systems not yet hand over to Contractor, the work permit shall be
issued by Company; for all other systems, the work permit (if needed) shall
be issued by Contractor.
The work permit procedure shall ensure the following scopes:
To verify that the activity has been evaluated and planned in order to
guarantee the safety of the whole units and personnel involved
To guarantee that all the personnel involved has been informed about
the works to be performed
To guarantee that the works obtained the necessary authorization by
the Safety Manager / Yard Supervisor
16.3 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
16.3.1 All electrical equipment, working tools and apparatus shall be certified for
suitability for the area classification where they are intended to be used.
16.3.2 Use of electrical equipment, tools and apparatus powered by a voltage
greater than 50 Volts shall be prohibited.
16.3.3 Electrical equipment powered by a voltage greater than 25 Volts shall have
the metallic case grounded.
16.3.4 Portable lights shall be powered at 25 Volts max. Relevant lamps shall be
protected by a metallic grid.
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16.4 FIRE FIGHTING AND FIRE PROTECTION
16.4.1 Contractor shall appoint a firefighting crew equipped with all necessary tools
and having the necessary skills to face all kinds of fire that may occur in
offshore hydrocarbons processing/storage plants.
16.4.2 Portable hand and/or wheeled cart or skid type extinguishing units shall be
provided for immediate use by operating personnel in all the areas of the
plant for combating fires in their early stages. All fire extinguishers shall be
"listed", i.e. approved by a testing authority such as Underwriters
Laboratories (UL) or Factory Mutual (FM) to certify the performance.
16.4.3 Contractor shall maintain the extinguishers operating and maintained for the
whole duration of the onsite activities.
16.4.4 Type of extinguisher to be used shall be selected on the basis of the
following considerations:
Dry Chemical, Type BC: For use in general refinery and plant areas
on Class B (flammable vapours and liquids) or on Class C
(electrical) fires specify the 12.2 kg (27 lb) hand type fire
extinguisher. The extinguishing agent is potassium bicarbonate,
commonly known as "Purple K"
Dry Chemical, Multipurpose: For extinguishing combustibles,
flammable liquid, or electrical (Class A, B, and C) fires, for use in
large (>930 m2) offices, schools, and other institutional type
buildings and in combustible yard storage areas (refer to Table 1).
The extinguishing agent is monoammonium phosphate
Carbon Dioxide, Type BC: For use in limited areas such as control
rooms, laboratories, electrical substations, and similar facilities.
CO2 extinguishers, should be used where residue accumulation or
cleanup may create a problem (e. g., in electrical/electronic
equipment rooms and laboratories)
Pressurized Water: For use primarily in offices, warehouses, and
other similar areas where only Class A (ordinary combustibles, i.e.
paper and wood) fires are most likely to happen
16.4.5 Extinguishers shall be located in an easy accessible position and at a
distance of 8 meters or more from equipment items that are to be protected
by the extinguisher itself.
16.4.6 Extinguishers shall be located on all sides of the equipment they are
intended to protect. Locations shall be selected so that extinguishers are
ready available and a possible fire does not create an obstruction for their
accessibility.
Commentary note
During the first phase of offshore activities, up to completion and acceptance of the equipment flushing, the use
of portable type fire extinguishers in lieu of fixed systems should be generally prohibited. In fact such portable
extinguishers do not allow an eventual operator to shut on fire standing at a sufficient distance from the fire
source. Portable fire extinguisher shall be provided together with fixed fire suppression means for fire watching
purposes.
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16.5 NORM MATERIALS
16.5.1 Management of NORM Materials shall comply with the requirements of the
following documentation:
API publ. 7102 – Methods for Measuring Naturally Occurring
Radioactive Materials (NORM) in Petroleum Production Equipment
API publ. 7103 – Management and disposal alternatives for
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) Wastes in Oil
Production and Gas Plant Equipment
API Bull E3 Management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive
Material in Oil and Gas Production
16.6 EQUIPMENT LIFTING
16.6.1 Contractor shall prepare the general Lifting Procedure to be submitted to

Company for approval.
16.6.2 Contractor shall duly maintain the lifting equipment and tools in such a way
to ensure a safe operation of the equipment itself; all the lifting means
(including slings, shackles and so on), shall be provided with the relevant
certificates. Certificates shall be available upon Company request.
16.6.3 In case contractor intends to make use of platform cranes, it will be
Contractor responsibility to certify the cranes suitability for the service.
Use of platform lifting facilities without previous certification shall be
prohibited. Moreover, after plant hand-over document has been signed,
maintenance of platform crane shall be carried-out by Contractor.
16.6.4 Equipment and modules structural stability shall be always assessed before
any lift is initiated. Contractor shall develop a suitable procedure to be
submitted to Company approval.
16.6.5 The use of the existing lifting lugs without previous certification by using a
suitable non-destructive examination shall be prohibited.
16.6.6 Lifting of heavy items of equipment and or modules weighting more than
50 Tons shall be deeply engineered. Weight and position of the centre of
gravity shall be assessed and controlled to avoid injuries to people and
environment.
16.6.7 Contractor shall prepare the general Lifting Procedure to be submitted for
Company approval.
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16.7 WORKS ON ELEVATED PLATFORMS
16.7.1 Working on existing elevated platforms without previous verification of the

platforms structural stability shall be prohibited. People working at elevated
levels shall always wear suitable safety harness.
16.7.2 Access to scaffolding structures without previous inspection and approval by
the HSE Contractor’s manager shall be prohibited; Scaffolding structures
shall always be suitability grounded.
16.7.3 Securing of scaffolding structures to the plant existing
equipment / structures shall not be done without previous verification of
plant equipment / structure structural stability.
16.7.4 Visible signs shall be posted under those locations where people are
working at elevated levels. Signs shall inform other workers of the possible
hazard.
16.8 CONFINED SPACES
16.8.1 Entrance into confined spaces shall be always subject to verification of the
oxygen residual fraction and of H2S concentration. Measurement of residual
Oxygen shall be always witnessed by Contractor site safety manager
(or by a Company authorized person) who shall endorse the relevant
certificate. Confined spaces are to be identified and suitable signs shall be
placed to warn people of the possible hazard.
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16.9 HAZARDS RELATED WITH H2S
16.9.1 All people working or entering a H2S classified area shall be duly trained on
works and activities to be carried out in H2S classified areas.
16.9.2 The threshold limit for H2S exposure shall be fixed in 10 ppm TWA
(Time weighted Average) 8 h and in 15 ppm STEL (Short-Term
Exposure Limit).
16.9.3 Any portable or fixed H2S detector shall be suitable to be used in electrically
hazardous area and shall be suitable to be used by a non-technical
operator. All detectors shall give a clear and audible alarm in case the
concentration exceeds a pre-selected limit. All detectors shall have a test
button facility.
16.9.4 Personnel at risk of H2S exposure shall be duly trained on the necessary
measures in case H2S is detected, or if an unconscious person has to be
rescued.
16.9.5 Works in H2S classified area shall be subjected to a work permit procedure.
Workers entering a H2S hazardous areas shall always be provided with a
suitable protective equipment.
16.9.6 Emergency recovery plan shall be prepared and applied to all works to be
done in H2S classified areas.
16.9.7 In case of H2S burning in the atmosphere, particular attention shall be paid
to the SO2 concentration level. Threshold limit shall be fixed in 2 ppm (TWA)
8 h, while, for 15 minutes Short Term Exposure a threshold of 5 ppm shall
be considered.
16.9.8 H2S area classification shall be based on the likelihood of H2S presence in
the area and the maximum concentration of H2S that can be present.
Likelihood of presence shall be defined according to a range of possibilities
between impossible (i.e. always below the OEL limit of 10 ppm) and
expected under expected operating conditions. The two levels of
significance in determining how the concentration contributes to area
classification shall be 10 ppm and 200 ppm.
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16.10 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STORAGE
16.10.1 Any hazardous solid or liquid material shall be packed in sealed containers.
On the containers, that shall be segregated and stored separately from
other materials, suitable signs, advising people of the possible hazard,
shall be posted next to the area where hazardous materials are stored.
16.10.2 Contractor shall verify the containers indicated in point 16.11.1 to detect any
leak at least on bi-weekly basis. Eventual failed containers shall be replaced
with new ones or, where feasible, shall be refurbished.
16.10.3 Spent iron sponge from gas processing operations will contain iron
sulphides prone to spontaneous oxidation. Combustion hazards may be
controlled by keeping the sponge wet, by limiting the thickness of sponge to
prevent heat build-up and to periodically raking the sponge to maximize the
exposure to the air. The sponge is safely oxidised when it takes a red-brown
colour.
16.10.4 Particular attention shall be paid to the pyrophoric iron sulphide that can be
formed on the internal surfaces of carbon steel equipment containing H2S.
Iron oxides present on the internal surface will react with the H2S and form
pyrophoric iron sulphide that, on exposure to oxygen can auto-ignite.
16.11 ASBESTOS CONTAINING MATERIAL (ACM)
16.11.1 Management of Asbestos and Asbestos containing materials shall comply

with the applicable local regulations and laws. In lack of applicable
regulations, the requirements of the following documents apply:
OSHA Safety and Health Regulation for Construction – Part 1926 –
Subpart Z – Toxic and Hazardous Substances – Std. n. 1926.1101
– Asbestos
EPA Code of federal Regulation (CFR) number 2003-40-CFR-763 -
Asbestos – Subpart M – National Emission Standard for Asbestos
16.11.2 Contractor or subcontractor in charge of the removal of ACM shall be
approved by Company.
16.11.3 Asbestos and asbestos containing materials shall be mandatory wet
(or protected by any other approved mean to reduce emission) and
collected in impermeable bags. Such bags shall be sealed and labelled
before be transported and disposed in special authorized landfill areas.
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16.11.4 Authorized landfill areas to receive ACM shall, at least, comply with the
following instructions:
At materials receipt, verify the proper containment of the delivered
materials
Daily operating and final cover the materials
Provide documentation specifying location, quantity and dept of the
buried asbestos waste (this documentation shall be recorder along
with a notice warning against excavation on the area).
Documentation shall be sent to the authorities
Fence all the area to prevent people entering
Post caution signs
Comply with all applicable regulations
16.12 FIRST AID ASSISTANCE
16.12.1 One or more male nurses experienced in first aids provided with first aid
medical apparatus and medicines shall be appointed; furthermore an
agreement with the nearest hospital for an emergency intervention at site of
a doctor with a hely-ambulance shall be stipulated.
16.12.2 Contractor shall duly maintain the platform helideck or, as alternative,
provide a temporary helideck facilities all over the offshore activities
execution.
16.13 OTHER REQUIREMENTS
16.13.1 Use of gloves, helmets and safety glasses shall be prescribed as mandatory
together with the use of safety harness for activities to be carried out on
elevated levels.
16.13.2 Signs shall be posted all over the platform’s areas, interested by
decommissioning activities, to warn people of possible hazards.
Safety signs are categorised under the following headings:
Mandatory (white on blue)
Prohibition (red on white)
Warning (black on yellow)
16.13.3 Contractor shall stipulate a contract with an authorized insurance Company
to cover all possible risks to people and environmental safety.
16.13.4 Local start / stop buttons of electric motor control stations shall be always
locked in “Off” position before any works on the relevant equipment can be
commenced.
16.13.5 Before entering any item of equipment or vessel, the relevant connections to
the process lines and to the drain system shall always be blinded by means
of blind flanges or by disconnecting the piece from the relevant lines.
Closing equipment isolation valves cannot be considered in lieu of blinding /
removing equipment connections.
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17. DRAINING AND DEPRESSURISATION
17.1 GENERALITIES
17.1.1 The following items shall be always drained, depressurised and flushed
before their dismantling activities can start:
All platform equipment and modules
All platform lines
URF belonging to the plant
Commentary note
In some cases the line conditions are so bad that using the plant pigging stations could result in pig blocking
inside the line itself. It is therefore advisable do not use the pig. Pigging can be performed by pumping clean
water inside the lines.
17.1.2 Before commencing the draining and depressurisation activities, the correct
functionality of the following systems shall always be checked:
Flaring system (for both HP and LP flares)
Closed drain system
17.1.3 Any connection to the closed drain system opened to the atmosphere shall
be duly blinded. Signs shall be posted next to the blind flange to notice
people that the flange shall not be removed till the end of flushing activities
of the whole plants.
Commentary note
Unplugging connections to the closed drain system may cause gaseous streams, coming form other plant
systems, flowing through the into areas previously declared as safe from electrical and from H2S content point of
views. It is therefore of vital importance to observe the prescription of point 17.1.3 especially in case of plants
where the presence H2S is anticipated.
17.1.4 The following verifications shall be done before opening the equipment drain
connection:
Equipment has been isolated from the line
Vent valves have been opened
Breathing valves (if any) are correctly working
For those items of equipment provided with blanket, the availability
of blanketing gas (i.e. nitrogen)
Drain connection has been connected to the plant closed drain
system or to the tank vessel hose
Commentary note
In those cases where the blanket gas is provided only to ensure the preservation of process fluid chemical
characteristics, it may be replaced by air (Company to verify first whether the collected drain is to be disposed as
waste or reused). Inert gas can be never replaced with air in those cases where its use is intended to prevent a
possible fire hazard.
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17.1.5 Draining of equipment and lines through the existing closed drain system
may be allowed only upon verification of closed drain system capability to
collect the relevant amount of product.
17.1.6 Draining of large amounts of chemicals through the closed drain system is
not allowed. Chemicals shall be always collected and disposed separately
from liquid hydrocarbons.
17.1.7 Once an item of equipment or line has been drained and flushed,
its connections to the closed drain system shall be safely blinded or
physically removed; closing the valve connections to the closed drain
system shall not be accepted in lieu of blinding the connections.
17.2 H2S CONTAINING LINES AND EQUIPMENT
17.2.1 Drain product of items of equipment or lines containing H2S shall be

segregated and disposed separately from non-hazardous products.
17.2.2 When items of equipment or lines containing H2S are drained, suitable signs
shall be placed at various strategic locations to warn other workers that H2S
bearing products is being drained. The drained product shall always be
diluted with large amounts of water.
17.2.3 Lines depressurisation shall always be done through an operating flaring
system. Particularly attention shall be paid in case of presence of H2S.
Preferably H2S containing lines and equipment should not be depressurised
in calm wind conditions.
Commentary note
For economic and ecologic reasons it is advisable that the drain and depressurisation will be done by plant
operator at the same time of plant shut in. In fact, the operator can use the plant facilities and the blow-down
systems that, at the time of plants shut down, are likely operable. Moreover, in this way, the operator can
recover as much oil as possible realizing, in the same time, the maximum profit with the minimum ecologic
impact.
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18. FLUSHING, CLEANING AND GAS DISPLACEMENT
18.1 GENERALITIES
18.1.1 Once lines and equipment have been drained / depressurised they shall be
purged with inert gas or air in order to displace the remaining gaseous
hydrocarbons to the flare system. During purging both vent and drain valves
shall be kept open.
18.1.2 If necessary, any vent connection seal welded after piping hydrotest shall be
unplugged to allow the gas to flow up to the highest point of any spool of
pipe and / or equipment; if practicable any re-opened vent connections
should be directed to the flaring system by means of temporary
connections. In case of presence of H2S with a concentration higher than
10 ppm, the connection to the flaring system shall be always provided.
18.1.3 For those items of equipment and lines to be disposed as scrap, purging
may be replaced by filling with water and subsequent draining. Water shall
be filled from the lowest connection of the equipment and the water flow
shall be maintained till to observe the water flowing up from the highest vent
connection.
18.1.4 Venting the system during purging operations shall be done from various
vent connections.
18.1.5 Atmosphere inside all items of equipment and lines shall be tested to less
than 10% of the lowest explosive limit and/or 10 ppm of H2S contents.
18.1.6 Filling with water and subsequent draining shall be repeated up to meet the
requirements of point 18.1.5.
18.1.7 Attention shall be paid to the explosive limit measurements taken during the
cool hours of the day (in the night or early in the morning). It shall be
considered that, eventual liquid hydrocarbon pockets that may be entrapped
in the equipment or line under test, may release gaseous hydrocarbons
when warmed up during the hot hours of the day. It is advisable avoiding
taking explosive measurement in such hot conditions.
18.1.8 Particularly attention shall be paid to equipment having dead legs. For such
equipment the purging shall be repeated a number of times necessary to
ensure the dead legs get sufficiently diluted with nitrogen up to reach the
requirements of 18.1.5.
Commentary note
Before filling with water any equipment and lines, especially for those containing gaseous hydrocarbons, it is
mandatory to assess its structural stability, the stability of the supporting structures.
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18.1.9 In order to reduce the water consumption, gas disposal should be preferably
done step by step, isolating a certain system or section of system and
carrying out the gas disposal. The drained water shall be recovered,
suitability treated and reused for other plant systems / sections.
18.1.10 Suitable demulsifying agent and chemical compounds should be injected in
the flushing water pumps suction line in order to facilitate the aggregation of
oil droplets and the removal of the thin layer of oil adherent to the piping
wall.
18.1.11 Water to be disposed to the sea shall be treated to meet the requirements of
the local waste management regulation. In absence of local applicable laws,
the requirements of the table included in appendix I shall be applied.
18.1.12 Dilution of a wastewater discharge shall not be used to meet effluent
discharge limitations (above table requirements).
18.1.13 If available and if allowed by local laws and regulations, wastewater may be
disposed into suitable injection wells.
18.1.14 Sludge is to be collected and disposed in suitable incinerators.
18.1.15 Flushing is considered satisfactory when the hydrocarbon content is less
than 1 % in volume (to be verified by Gas Analyser).
18.1.16 Dead lines, filters, API skimmer, metering stations, etc may be flushed by
means of flexible hose connections.
18.1.17 Gas turbo compressors and gas generators should have been purged
during the shutdown phase. On the contrary they may be purged with
nitrogen or with CO2 fire extinguishers.
18.1.18 Flares and flare headers shall be purged with nitrogen when purging of all
the plant vessel and circuits has been completed.
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18.2 TANK ENTERING AND CLEANING
18.2.1 Contractor in charge of tank cleaning shall have previous experience in

such a kind of works. A binded list of possible contractors shall be made
available since from the proposal stage, the relevant reference list shall be
provided as well.
18.2.2 Tank entering and cleaning shall be performed in accordance with the
following recommended practice:
API RP 2015 – Safe Entry and cleaning of Petroleum Storage
Tanks, planning and management Tank entry from
Decommissioning to Re-commissioning
API RP 2016 – Guidelines and procedures for entering and cleaning
Petroleum Storage Tanks
18.2.3 The suggested cleaning methods for oil storage tanks are the following:
Manual cleaning
Butterworthing models K, SK and SSK
Hydraulic scrapers
Butterworth P-43 Rotating submerged Jet Nozzle
Chemical cleaning
Commentary note
A brief description of the above methods can be found in appendix II of this Company specification.
It is strongly recommended that tank cleaning will be carried out by plant operator at the time of the shut down of
the tankage system. This is because during the plant operation sludge built up is prevented by mean of suitable
methods (periodic heat up and agitation, injection of chemicals, etc). Once the tankage system has been shut
down the sludge formation will not longer be prevented, hence the sludge would accumulate forming hard layers
difficult to be removed. As a result tank cleaning will be much costly in case is carried out by decommissioning
contractor then in case it is performed by Operator.
18.2.4 In case a washing machine is used to wash a tank the following precautions
shall be observed:
Only clean wash water shall be used (oily water may be used only in
non-flammable atmosphere)
The wash water may be heated, however the maximum temperature
shall not exceed 60 °C
In case washing water shall be heated above 60 °C or a chemical
mean shall be added, the tank should be washed first with plain
water below 60 °C and then ventilated to reduce the gas
concentration of the lower flammable limit. During subsequent
washing with water heated above 60 °C or added with chemicals,
the tank shall be continuously ventilated and the atmosphere
continuously monitored. Washing shall be suspended in case gas
concentration rise above 50 % of the lowest explosive limit until
further ventilation reduces the gas concentration to 20 % of the LEL
The above instructions shall be followed during the washing
activities and for five hours after washing completion
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19. OFFSHORE DISMANTLING
19.1 GENERALITIES
19.1.1 In order to minimize the extent of Offshore activities, the mechanical

dismantling of Topside facilities, Topside Structures, URF and Substructure
should be initiated at offshore and then further completed at a temporary
onshore lay down area.
As general, offshore dismantling shall be performed in reverse mode of
structures installations.
The offshore dismantling of modules and topside facilities shall be carried
out following, as much as possible, the reverse of the installation procedure.
Commentary note
It will be decommissioning contractor responsibility to define the best solution for Offshore dismantling.
However request for deviations from the above requirements shall be deeply investigated particularly in those
cases where narrow weather windows are to be considered.
19.1.2 Temporary lay-down area shall comply with the requirements of paragraph
20 of this Company specification.
19.1.3 Use of ROV (Remote Operated Vehicles) instead of divers and explosives
shall be deeply encouraged.
19.1.4 Extent of offshore dismantling shall be fixed by Contractor in such a way to
ensure compliance with the following requirements:
Safe offshore lifting and transportation
Safe sea transportation and sea-fastening
Possibility to unload and to store the heaviest or widest item of
equipment at the temporary shore lay down area
Reduce as much as possible the environmental impact in terms of
trouble on fishing and marine flora / fauna
Minimise the dismantling costs
19.1.5 The recommendations of document “DNV-RP-H102 – Marine Operations
During Removal of Offshore Installations – April 2004” shall apply.
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19.2 EQUIPMENT AND LINES DISMANTLING
19.2.1 The following verifications shall be performed before starting any

equipment / module or line dismantling activity:
Equipment / module or line has been declared ready for dismantling
as per checklist reported on paragraph 12.1.5
Any ACM material (piping and machinery insulation, etc) has been
removed and taken away
Eventual rotating parts have been secured
Lifting plan (if any) has been approved
Lifting lugs (if any) have been certified for the purpose
Suitable firefighting equipment is ready available in case of fire
Cutting machine (if any) is grounded
Dismantling drawings / manual (if any) of the subject equipment
have been fully approved or approved with comments
19.3 TANK DISMANTLING
19.3.1 Where applicable, tanks dismantling shall comply with API specification:
“API RP 2202 – Dismantling and disposing of steel from aboveground
Leaded Gasoline Storage Tank”.
19.3.2 Tank dismantling shall consider the use of TIRFOR to brace the tank shell
before cutting the shell portions.
19.4 DECK OR MSF DISMANTLING
19.4.1 The following verifications shall be performed before starting any deck
portion dismantling activity:
All topside installed equipment and lines have been removed
(with exception of those installations that contractor intends to
remove together with the deck portion)
Wellhead conductors have been removed (not covered by this
specification)
Cutting machine (if any) is grounded
Dismantling drawings / manual have been approved or approved
with comments
Lifting plan and relevant documentation has been approved
Lifting lugs / pad eyes have been certified for the purpose
Marine conditions for a safe transfer of the structure to the
transportation vessel are met
Structural verification of the part to be dismantled and lifted has
been performed with satisfactory results
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19.5 JACKET REMOVAL
19.5.1 The main theoretical options for jacket removal and disposal are the
following:
Removal and disposal at land bringing the installation onshore,
cleaning, braking into scrap, recycling in the steel industry or
disposal in licensed sites
Leaving on site, making the installation safe and maintaining it
Reuse as artificial reef cleaning the installation, placing it on the sea
bed to form an artificial reef to improve marine life productivity
Reuse as artificial reef in the some location cleaning the installation,
placing or toppling the cut section on the sea bed (in the same
location)
Commentary note
According to IMO requirement platforms installed before 1998 in deep water less than 75m with substructure
weighing less that 4000t, or platforms installed after 1998 in water depth less than 100m weighing less than
4000t must be totally removed. In all other cases and when “Leaving on Site” and “Reuse as Artificial Reef”
options may be applied, IMO requirement is that minimum 55m of water depth should be left above the
abandoned structures for the safety of navigation.
19.5.1.1 Removal and Disposal at Land: this option consists in the complete
removal of the entire structure. After the complete removal of the platform
the location has been cleared and no obstruction to other activities in the
area must exist. From an environmental point of view this option gives
rise to low impact. For sub sea structure reference is made to Para 19.6.
19.5.1.2 Leaving on Site: this option consists in the transformation of the present
mining industry use of the platform to another utilisation, substantially
different (aquaculture, logistic support for tourism, diving activity or
marine research laboratories). This option, in addition to the cleaning
activities, requires the technical control of the structural capabilities of the
platform for an extended period of time and the acquisition of the relevant
authorisation and operation permits.
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19.5.1.3 Reuse as Artificial Reef (also in the Same Location): an artificial reef can
be realised turning upside down the structure on his side on site or in
another place of interest (in a suitable marine biological area for
example). The scope of the artificial reef is to protect an existing habitat
or to exercise a powerful attraction for various species of marine fauna
and flora and consequently to rise the yield of fish. The creation of an
artificial reef involves a series of preliminary consideration on three main
aspects:
Site selection (bathymetry, morphology of the seabed and its
sediment logical characteristics)
Environmental characterisation (flora and fauna, current
direction etc)
Configuration of the artificial structure
Suitable studies shall investigate the best solution for conversion of a given
structure in a suitable reef complex capable to produce enhancements from
the point of view of fishery and associated activities.
Commentary note
Selection of the most eligible alternative shall be made on a case by case basis accounting for the applicable
national and international conventions, regulations, protocols, etc; in addition many technical factors should be
considered such as the type of construction, size, distance to shore, weather conditions and the complexity of
removal operation, including safety of workers must be considered. To choose between the various alternatives
a environmental impact assessment shall be made and a ALARP (As Low As Reasonable Possible) philosophy
for the impacts on the environment of the decommissioning process. Main considerations for the environmental
impact assessment include:
- Amount of emissions to the atmosphere (offshore due to barges emissions and onshore for demolition
and recycling)
- Discharges to sea, water or ground and physical impact on the seabed of possible residual parts of the
structures left at sea
- Associated effects such as noise or visual pollution
The removal options related to Leaving on site and Reuse as Artificial Reef will require suitable studies the
results of which shall be submitted to the national authorities for approval.
19.5.2 Foundation Piles: in case of “Removal and Disposal at Land” option, the
foundation piles will be left in place cutting them 1.5m below the mud line.
The same criteria are applied to conductors (if any).
19.5.3 In case of use of explosive, an observation for resident marine mammals for
a period of 48 hours prior to detonation of explosive charges shall be
performed. Observation shall be conducted before the arrival of the heavy
lift vessels.
19.5.4 If requested by local regulations a pre-blast aerial survey is conducted
immediately prior to detonation of explosive charges. In case of presence of
mammals within 1.000 meters from the platform to be removed,
the detonation shall be postponed.
19.5.5 Appendix IV highlights some details of the most common severing methods.
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19.6 SUB SEA STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS
19.6.1 Sub sea structures to be decommissioned are the following:

Manifold
Templates
Power and control system
Protection Structures
19.6.2 All the sub sea equipment and structures installed in a water depth that may
create and obstacle for fishing shall be removed or buried to eliminate the
potential snagging hazard for trawl nets.
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19.7 UMBILICAL, RISERS AND FLOWLINES
19.7.1 Decommissioning of sub sea flow lines and risers (associated to Floating
Structures) is accomplished by either abandonment in place or complete
removal. Risers associated to steel fixed platform shall be removed jointly
with jacket.
19.7.2 Each line abandoned in place shall be flushed, cleaned and filled with
seawater. The top termination of the line shall be disconnected, sealed and
not extent to above mud line in a snagging position.
19.7.3 After filling with seawater the riser shall be fitted with pulling head both to
plug the line and to connect a clamp weight to it, in order to avoid
dangerous movements. To obtain the above, the pulling head shall be
provided with a padeye to allow connection of the clump weight and all
inlets shall be closed.
19.7.4 Decommissioning of control umbilical shall follow the same approach used
for flow lines and riser. Prior to abandonment, a clamp weight will be
connected on it to avoid free and dangerous movements.
19.7.5 Static sections of the umbilical network will not be considered for removal as
they are already secured at the sea bed.
19.7.6 The umbilical network templates will be left in place.
19.7.7 Unless otherwise notes, pipelines and sea lines are normally pigged,
flushed kept in place. Pipelines are cleaned using “progressive pigging”.
This process involves sending a series of polyethylene (poly) foam “pigs”
through the pipeline with chemical agents and flush water to remove
hydrocarbons.
19.7.8 For pipelines running to shore, the line shall be cut and plugged behind the
surf zone. The portion of line that extends to shore shall be removed to
beach line; while the remaining shall be plugged and buried at least one
meter below the mud line.
19.7.9 The ends of pipelines shall be exposed and the line cut above the riser bend
approximately 3m out from the base of the jacket. The riser bend shall be
removed and the cut end of the pipeline shall be plugged and buried 1m
below the mud line; alternatively the cut end of the pipeline can be covered
by a concrete mat.
Commentary note
Even if it will be Contractor responsibility to select a suitable method to carry out the above activity,
the use of ROV instead of divers is to be preferred.
19.7.10 Flexible flow lines and pipelines with small diameter will be completely
removed (if applicable by Internal Regulation, Regional Convention etc.).
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19.8 FLOATING STRUCTURES MOORING SYSTEMS
19.8.1 Floating Structures mooring lines will be decommissioned after complete

removal of the risers and umbilical.
19.8.2 Suction piles will be left in place and the grounds chains will remain connect
to them. Each mooring leg will be disconnected from Floating Structure and
abandoned on the seabed. The mooring legs in deep water are constituted
by wire rope and ground chain; wire rope is recovered and ground chain
together with piles/anchor will be left in placed with water depth higher than
500m.
19.8.3 As general criteria the sequence of disconnection will be the reverse of the
mooring hook-up sequence.
19.9 LOADING AND TRANSPORTATION
19.9.1 The loading and transportation phases are subdivided in the following sub
phases:
Preliminary Works
Preparation Works
Lifting Operations
Loading Operation
Sea fastening Activities
Transportation
Offloading Operation
19.9.2 Contractor shall submit to Company approval the list of naval means he
intends to use for lifting and transportation purposes. Such list shall be
complete of all the means characteristics and shall be included in the
proposal documentation.
19.9.3 Contractor shall submit to Company approval the sea-fastening procedure
with relevant shop drawing and transportation process. Lifting and loading
operations cannot be commenced in lack of Company approval of such
documents.
19.9.4 If required, Contractor shall prepare and submit to a certification authority all
required shop drawings relevant to material sea fastening. In case it is
requested, before departures, Contractor shall allow certifying authority
inspection to the naval means. Contractor shall, at his expense, comply with
all recommendations made by the certifying authority in order to obtain the
permit for transportation.
19.9.5 Contractor shall study and verify the stability of naval means during any
phase of lifting, loading and transportation activities. Results of the study
shall be submitted to Company approval. Activities cannot be started
without previous Company approval of the relevant documentation.
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19.9.6 Before commencing any lifting activity, Contractor shall check the crane
vessel and relevant lifting equipment, slings and shackles. Checks shall be
certified and witnessed by Company. Signed copy of check certificates shall
be included in the final certification book.
19.9.7 During lifting operation the following factors shall be accurately monitored:
Hook load
Environmental and marine conditions
Hoisting velocity
Position and orientation of crane vessel
19.9.8 Contractor shall design the transportation phase and, at least he shall
determine the following:
Naval means ballasting methods
Main routes
Alternative routes in case of bad environmental conditions
Areas of refuge in case of storms
Emergency procedures in case of accidents
19.9.9 At the shore lay-down area, before commencing any lifting activity,
Contractor shall check the crane vessel and relevant lifting equipment,
slings and shackles in order to detect any damages occurred during
transportation. Checks shall be certified and witnessed by Company.
Signed copy of check certificates shall be included in the Final Quality
Book.
19.9.10 Transportation of Floating Structures may have two different scenarios:
Autonomously
By suitable tugs
19.9.10.1 When a Floating Structure is self propelled (even if during operating
life of the Floating Structure the engine is not connected) after the
mooring lines disconnection the Floating Structure engine is
reconnected and the Floating Structure will move, self propelled to
shipyard; in this case it is possible to reduce the tug’s effort to hold
Floating Structure in position while the mooring lines are
disconnected.
19.9.10.2 When a Floating Structure is not self propelled Contractor shall define
the transportation procedure which shall be submitted to authorities
for approval. Contractor shall also perform towing engineering
analysis to guarantee the safe Floating Structure towing including also
tug spread.
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20. OFFOSHORE STRUCTURES DISMANTLING AT TEMPORARY

DISPOSAL AREA
20.1 GENERALITIES
20.1.1 The order of preference of the possible courses of action for mechanical
equipment / structures disposal is the following:
Re-use in another site
Selling to the second hand market
Selling as scrap
Disposal as scrap
20.1.2 The temporary lay down area shall be equipped with the following
appurtenances:
All facilities necessary to unload, store and safe dismantle, the
materials coming from Offshore
Suitable fire fighting and protection systems
Perimetric fence to prevent people entrance
A surveillance system
Accommodation facilities (i.e. chemical baths, temporary
offices, etc)
20.1.3 The temporary lay-down area shall be located far away (as far as practical)
from urban settlements. Compliance with the local regulations ruling on the
matter of noise limitation and air pollution (with particular attention to the
matter of smell control) shall be verified.
20.1.4 Mutual location of the temporary lay-down and final disposal area shall be
selected so that, heavy-duty trailers and trucks haulage, within nearby
located urban settlements, is reduce to a minimum. Areas location shall be
specified since from the bidding phase of the project.
20.1.5 In case it is requested to submit the temporary lay-down area locations and
features to authorities’ approval, coordination with authorities will be at
Company charge. However, Contractor shall, at no charge for Company,
provide all necessary documentation and information that Company needs
for this purpose.
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20.2 MATERIAL DISPOSAL
20.2.1 The dismantled items shall be broken down / dismantled, as much as

possible, in pieces of homogeneous material. Pieces of different material
shall be segregated directly at the lay down area.
20.2.2 A truck scale facility shall be provided. Each truck leaving the lay down area
shall be weighted and the weight shall be recorded.
20.2.3 At the final disposal area, the trucks shall be weighted and the scale
readings shall be recorded and certified. Weight record shall be returned
back to Contractor / Company and it shall be included in the Final Quality
Book.
20.2.4 The final disposal area shall be paid on the basis of the total amount of the
received materials as per above certification.
20.2.5 Scale readings at shore lay down area leaving measurement, and at the
final lay down area shall be compared, inconsistencies shall not be
accepted.
20.3 TEMPORARY LAY-DOWN AREA RECLAMATION
20.3.1 The area used as temporary lay-down shall be reclaimed as it was before
the dismantling activities commencement. Lay-down area reclamation shall
be at Contractor care and charge.
20.3.2 Eventual chemical and / or hydrocarbon spillages shall be promptly
recovered and the soil shall be duly remedied. Final soil remediation
(if any) shall be at Contractor charge.
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21. FINAL DISPOSAL AREAS
21.1 GENERALITIES
21.1.1 Final disposal areas shall comply with applicable laws and regulations.
When necessary different disposal areas for different materials shall be
selected.
21.1.2 Final disposal areas location shall comply with the requirements of appendix
III of the present document.
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22. SEABED RECLAMATION
22.1 GENERALITIES
22.1.1 The decommissioning contractor shall carry out a pre-demolition side scan
sonar survey of the working area. From the centre point of the working area,
the survey shall be conducted in a radius of 2.500 meters. Spacing between
survey lines shall not exceed 25 meters and swath coverage shall be 200%.
22.1.2 After platform dismantling, decommissioning contractor shall survey the
working area as per point 22.1.1. Any debris larger than 0.5 meters shall be
removed by means of ROV of by divers.
22.1.3 As working area is to be intended both the area surrounding the platform
and any other areas where the removed jacket is set for cutting and
dismantling purposes.
Commentary note
For deep-water platforms removal, normally the jacket is removed from the anchoring and towed to swallow
water. In fact, in swallow water, the upper section of the jacket protrudes from the sea allowing for easier cutting
and dismantling of its top portions. In this case the area where the jacket is temporary set is to be regarded as a
working area.
22.1.4 The results of the survey requested by points 22.1.1 and 22.1.2 shall be
recorded, certified, submitted for Company information and included in the
project Final Quality Book.
22.1.5 After completion of checks described in point 22.1.2, Contractor shall carry
out trawling verification of each working area following the below
requirements:
Heavy-duty nets shall be used
An 800 meters diameter area, centred on the platform installation
point shall be surveyed by trawling
A pass every 25 meters shall be made
22.1.6 Any other area where the jacket is set for cut purposes shall be inspected
for travelling as per point.
22.1.7 Trawling report of each line shall be taken, certified and certification shall be
.included in the Final Quality Book.
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23. END OF WORKS APPROVAL
23.1 GENERALITIES
23.1.1 The following activities shall be subjected to punch list procedure:

Damaged ACM removal
Tanks internal cleaning
Systems refurbishment (if applicable)
Seabed cleaning and trawling
Onshore lay-down area reclamation and remediation
23.1.2 Once one of the activities subjected to punch list procedure is deemed
completed, decommissioning Contractor shall issue a walk through request
for site inspection to be carried out by Company and authorities
(if requested).
23.1.3 After site inspection, Company will issue a punch list including also
authorities’ comments (if applicable).
23.1.4 Works belonging to the activities of point 23.1.1 can be considered
completed only upon punch list items clearance by Contractor. A punch
point will be considered cleared once Company signature for approval has
been collected.
23.1.5 Contractor shall provide a punch list master data book. Such book shall
enlist all the punch list items and shall bear Company signatures for the
closed punch points.
23.1.6 Punch points shall be split in two categories (i.e. “Yes” items and
“Not” items). Category shall include all items to be mandatory cleared before
the next step of the job can be commenced, while the second category shall
include all items that could be cleared during or after the next step of
decommissioning activities execution.
23.1.7 An activity completion certificate shall be issued by Contractor for each of
the activities of point 23.1.1, signed by Company and returned to
decommissioning Contractor as end of work document.
23.1.8 Activity Completion Certificates shall be included in the Final Quality Book.
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24. CERTIFICATION AND DOCUMENTATION
24.1 GENERALITIES
24.1.1 The main Contractor in charge of the decommissioning project shall collect
at least the following documentation in a final decommissioning quality
book:
Certificates
Test reports
Weight reports
Checklists
Activity completion certificates
Punch lists master data book
24.1.2 All the documents included in the Final Quality Book shall bear Company
representative signature for approval / acceptance. A final quality book
containing unsigned document shall be considered rejected.
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25. MATRIX OF RESPONSIBILITIES
The following responsibilities matrix applies to the decommissioning project:
Action Company Contractor

Apply for Authorities approval X
Issuing of documentation for inquiry X
Issuing of Technical Specification for Plant decommissioning X
Issuing of documentation for bid X
Endorsement of Technical Specification for Plant decommissioning
X
and of other Company specifications and requirements
Plant preparation for site survey X
Site survey and relevant report X
Verification of compliance with applicable national, international and
X
regional regulations
Bid evaluation X
Basic engineering X
Detailed engineering X
Offshore activities X
Onshore dismantling X
Requesting for authorities approval X
Obtaining authorities approval X
Maintaining the site decommissioned (where applicable) X
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APPENDIX I – TABLE
EFFLUENT DISCHARGE LIMITATIONS
Table A-3: Offshore discharge limits for oil in produced water prescribed by national legislation (based on PetroconsuIran rs55)
Licensing/ Discharge limit

Country Legal basis Comment
monitoring authorities oil in water
Newfoundland Offshore
Canada Act RSC 1987 40 ppm Production activities have not yet commenced
Petroleum Board
United EPA; Minerals 29 mg/1 No visual sheen, max discharge levels of 42 mg/I Discharge is prohibited in near-
40 CFR 4.35
States Management Service monthly average shore areas
Regulation Min Economic Affairs;
For gas platforms, exemptions from 40 mg/I limit where best available technology
Netherlands 687/1224, State Supervision of 40 mg/l
already installed
1987 Mines
PARCOM
Norway 10/10/1 of SFT 40 mg/l Monthly average
1988
PARCOM
United Dept of Trade and
10/10/1 of 40 mg/l Monthly average. Max. discharge 100 ppm
Kingdom Industry;
1988
Decree
Egypt EGPC/EEAA 15 ppm Special dispensations may be awarded by the EGPC
No 338/95
Din of 28.7
Italy Ministry of Environment 40 ppm More stringent standards may be applied
1994
Tunisia Order of 1989 ANPE 10 ppm Zero discharge conditions have been imposed
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Licensing/ Discharge limit

Country Legal basis Comment
monitoring authorities oil in water
Min Petroleum
Resources;
Act No 34/68; 48 mg/I monthly
Nigeria (DPR) Environmental Coastal estuary 10-20 mg/I
Regs 1992 average offshore
Protection Agency
(FEPA)
National Offshore Oil
China GB 4914-85 Corp; Environmental 30-50 ppm Standard dependent on location of drilling operations
Protection Bureau
Min of Mining and
Indonesia MD KEP3/91 25 ppm To be changed to 75 ppm during 1997
Energy
NEQA Dept of
Thailand 1992;Gov. Reg. MineralResources; 100 ppm The discharge limit has no legislative basis and is defined on a case-by-case basis
20/90 PollutionControl Dept
Decision
Vietnam No 333/ Petrovietnam, MOSTE 40 ppm Revised regulations in preparation
QB 1990
Min of Petroleum
Decree
Oman Resources; Min of 40 mg/I No offshore activity at present 5 mg/I limit on discharges from coastal facilities
No 10/82
Environment
Resolution
Argentina SRNAII Case-by-case No regulations for offshore legislation, onshore regulations applied in principle
No 105/92
Decree No
Venezuela MARNR 20 ppm Special exemptions granted if environmental impact is not significant
833/1995
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Table A-2: Operational discharge standards prescribed by regional instruments
Convention Legal basis Produced water Oily cuttings Chemicals Sewage/garbage
OSPAR Recommendation
Exploration-10 g/Kg Notification Scheme under
Convention 1986; Average 40 mg/l N/A
Production -100 g/Kg* development
1992 Decision 92/2
Defines handling and Treated sewage discharge

Article 10, Not permitted in sensitive
Helsinki disposal requirements for prohibited < 4 n. m. from the coast.
Annex IV; 15 mg/l (40 mg/l if 15 cannot areas. Permitted elsewhere
Convention different chemicals. All Untreated discharge permitted
Recommendation be met) subject to a number of
1992 discharges must be > 12 n. m. Disposal of garbage
9/5 provisions
authorized restricted
Mediterranean
Barcelona Average 40 mg/l
Seabed Protocol 100 g/Kg prohibited in Chemical Use Plan Prohibited < 4 n. m. from the coast.
Convention (Max < 100 mg/l). 15 mg/l limit
1994 specially protected areas required Disposal of garbage restricted
1976 for machinery drainage
Articles 10, 11, 12
Prohibited < 4 n. m. From the

Kuwait Kuwait Protocol Average 40 mg/l
Oil contamination Chemical Use Plan coast. Untreated discharge
Convention 1989 Articles IX, (Max < 100 mg/l). 15 mg/l limit
minimization required required permitted > 12 n. m. Disposal of
1978 X, XI for machinery drainage
garbage restricted
* Until 31 December 1996 when the discharge standard of 10g of oil per Kg of dry rock is to apply to all wells. There is currently no available technology that
can reduce the oil content to this level.
N/A Not applicable
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APPENDIX II – CRUDE OIL STORAGE TANKS – OVERVIEW OF THE

MOST COMMONLY USED CLEANING METHODS
Traditional Methods of Mechanical Cleaning
Traditionally, sludge accumulation in crude storage tanks has been cleaned
by purely manual methods. Both manpower and time intensive, manual
cleaning results in long outages and high costs. Various methods used
involve draining the crude to the lowest level possible and either pumping
out the sludge with a vacuum truck or sending men into the tank with picks
and shovels. Alternatively, use of firehose or a Butterworth K, SK or SSK
rotating water jet nozzle mounted on a manway opening can wash down
the sludge to avoid personnel entry. The presence of toxic or flammable
gases, slippery surfaces and several feet of sludge make manual cleaning a
potentially dangerous operation. Gas freeing must be performed prior to
entry into the tank, to eliminate toxic or flammable gases. Safety practices
should be followed.
The sludge removed by mechanical methods must be disposed of entirely,
along with any water used, with little or no recovery of valuable, entrapped
hydrocarbons. As a result, mechanical cleaning should be used only after
cleaning the major portion of fluid sludge by various chemical methods. The
hardened bottom layers are then removed by a manual method if entry into
the tank for inspection or hot work is required. The applicability and
performance of particular mechanical cleaning methods depends upon
many factors, such as the type, quantity and consistency of sludge, and the
contractor expertise. A detailed analysis of sludge removal efficiencies and
costs for specific mechanical cleaning techniques used in European
refineries was found by the 1981 MASCOM work group as follows
Sludge Removal
Method Efficiency (m3lday) Cost Im3 Tank Condition
Hydraulically Operated Ready for inspection or
Brushes/Scrapers 12.5 250 Hot work
Hose + Vacuum Truck 15 60
Hose + HPJ + Vacuum 11.5 30
HPJ + Vacuum Truck 40 145 Requires final preparation for
HPJ + Scrapers 160 19 Hot work or inspection
Pump 18-17.5 38-300
Pump + Vacuum Trick 21 93
Manual 0.75-38 14-850
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HPJ - High Pressure Water Jetting

The major advantage of mechanical cleaning methods is that they remove
insoluble sludge deposits and leave a clean tank. A general outline of
mechanical cleaning procedures is included here follows.
Butterworthin
A technique that has been widely used for tank cleaning is known as
"Butterworthing". Developed in the 1930's, the Butterworth Models K,
SK And SSK portable tank cleaning machines consist of nozzles which
rotate 360° horizontally and which also tilt vertically so that the jets can be
directed at floor, walls and roof. The three models differ primarily in their
throwing power and nozzle size. Not to be confused with the new
Butterworth P-43 machines (which will be discussed later) which are
submerged in the sludge and circulate crude across the tank floor to
re-suspend the sludge, the K, SK and SSK machines are used after the
tank has been drained. They are suspended above the sludge and direct a
high pressure jet of water to wash down sludge. This water is usually
heated to 66°C (150°F) and can contain cleaning additives. Because of the
jetting action of the water, solids are removed as well as hydrocarbon
sludge. Several machines are inserted through manways or roof openings,
then moved around so that all parts of the tank can be cleaned.
The sludge-solids-water mixture can then be land farmed, or separated if
recovery is desired.
An initial capital outlay is necessary for purchase of the machines, pumps
and associated piping, but the subsequent operating costs are low--3 to
5 men to set up the piping circuit, circulation for 10 days to 2 weeks, and
dismantling. Electrical costs to run the pump and steam to heat the water
are the primary costs. The tank is left clean and gas-free for hot work.
Refineries which use this method find it very effective; however, its use is
limited to small diameter tanks (less than 40 m, due to throwing power
limitations) where there is minimal sludge accumulation.
Novel Methods
Several novel techniques are now being used to greatly improve the speed
of tank cleaning by mechanical methods, without the need for personnel
entry.
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Hydraulic Scrapers
Hydraulically-operated scrapers and brushes, inserted through manways
and operated remotely, have been reported by Slagen Refinery to provide a
successful cleaning method. These scrapers are dismantled to permit
installation into the tank through manways, then reassembled and operated
remotely using a hydraulic winch. The scraper blades are fitted with rubber
to prevent sparking. They scrape the bulk of the sludge to the centre where
it is then pumped out. Next, hydraulically operated, rotating, non-sparking
brushes work a detergent/water mixture under pressure into the remaining
sludge. The emulsion thus formed is washed to the centre of the tank with
water jets, and removed. Further cleaning can be accomplished with steel
brushes, if desired, to remove loose scale, rust, and coke deposits. The job
at Slagen took about 750 - 800 manhours of work at a cost of about 200 to
400 $/m3 sludge.
Butterworth P-43 Rotating Suhmeraed Jet Nozzle
Butterworth P-43 jet nozzles are a recent development for complete sludge
control, designed to replace propeller mixers for periodic desludging and
eliminate the need for offstream cleaning. The technique, involves ejecting
a high velocity stream of crude oil through the jet nozzles to redisperse
sludge from the tank bottom. The jet nozzles can achieve a sludge removal
effectiveness of 90 - 95% (average 94%) at a removal rate between
400 - 2700 m3/day (average 1570 m3/day); Costs quoted per m3 of sludge
(80 - 160 $/m3) relate to purchase of jet nozzles and pumps for a single
installation, whereas in reality this cost would be offset for multiple
applications. It is possible to rent a P-43 machine in order to test its
applicability, with rental fee then applied to purchase price if desired.
The P-43 shore tank-cleaning machine can be mounted centrally in a clean
or new tank, or several P-43's can be mounted on the shell of a dirty tank.
One or more P-43 pumps fitted with nozzles direct a stream of crude at high
pressure tangentially across the floor of the tank. Some of the crude is
directed over a propeller, which drives a gear train and slowly rotates the
nozzles, thus sweeping out the entire tank floor. This jetting action shears
and lifts the sludge, and mixes it efficiently with the liquid in the tank.
Thus, hydrocarbon recovery is nearly 100%. In addition, the pressure of the
jets cleans even the hardest layers of sludge, which are generally the most
difficult to remove. Left in place as a permanent installation, the P-43 can
be used onstream to periodically resuspend any sludge that has
accumulated, eliminating the need for expensive, major cleaning jobs.
3 P-43 machines per tank @ 15 k$ per 45 k$

machine
Purchase of new pump 44 k$
Purchase of new piping for installation 30 k$

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Flow rates, cleaning radius, jet velocities and nozzle rotation rates are
determined by Butterworth and can be adjusted for optimum performance in
any tank. Mounting of the machine is adapted to tank geometry and existing
piping.
Butterworth has demonstrated that this method can provide very efficient
cleaning with a large recovery of hydrocarbons, and less need for
subsequent manual cleaning, and at a lower energy cost than side-entering
mixers. A major advantage of the Butterworth system is its speed of
cleaning. Once the P-43 is in place, operation for several hours will
effectively resuspend the sludge. Large sludge accumulations may take
24 to 48 hours to remove--a significant time savings over other cleaning
methods.
Chemical Cleaning Methods for Crude Tanks
Due to the problems associated with off-stream mechanical cleaning,
chemical cleaning has gained widespread use. There are three basic
approaches to chemical cleaning of tanks, which we have labeled as
"Diluent Methods", "Dispersant Methods" and "Emulsion Methods", all of
which will be discussed in the following sections. The variations on each
approach are many, and cleaning methods can be combined or tailored to
suit each individual application. Many times two methods may be performed
stepwise, with follow-up manual cleaning for the compacted lower layer of
sludge which may not be removed by chemical cleaning.
However, chemical cleaning can effectively remove the large bulk of sludge
present in a tank and is generally sufficient unless hot work or inspection of
the tank will be performed.
In general, chemical cleaning methods have several features in common.
First, circulation is required to break up sludge and distribute chemicals,
and can be achieved through the use of mixers or by providing an external
circulation path. A second common feature is the effect of heat on
efficiency. Heat enhances the desludge process since, at higher
temperatures the sludge becomes more fluid as waxes begin to melt.
Although success has been reported in cases where ambient temperatures
were low and no external heat source was used, it is clear that higher
removal rates will be achieved if cleaning is performed in the summer
months or if the tank contents are heated to 35 - 50°C (95 - 122°F).
Feeding Sludge into Pipestill
After chemical desludging, the crude charge to the pipestilI should be a blend
of 5 - 10% crudesludge emulsion with fresh crude. The appropriate blend
should be based upon maintaining the BS&W content of the crude feedstock
within the limit for the desalters and also controlling the chemical
concentration in the feedstock to no more than 25 ppm to avoid forming a
stable emulsion which may impede desalter performance.
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Diluent Methods
The simplest approach to chemical cleaning is to add a diluent to the
sludge and use heat and agitation to break up the sludge deposits and
suspend them in the diluent. There are two commonly used diluent cleaning
techniques available: the gas oil method and the hot water method.
These are usually performed by refinery personnel and do not involve the
use of chemicals other than the diluent. Where gas oil or downstream
processing is not available, the hot water method can be used; however,
problems with disposal of large quantities of oily water following the clean
may sometimes be a problem. Depending on the type of sludge and the
amount of cleaning required, these methods can be effective; however,
without sufficient heat or agitation there will be areas where the sludge may
be left on the tank bottom, or sludge may resettle as soon as the
temperature is dropped and the agitation discontinued.
For the gas oil method, the crude is drained from the tank and a quantity of
gas oil sufficient to float the roof is added. The gas oil is circulated and
heated and dissolves the sludge. When the wax content of the gas oil rises
to about 20%, the gas oil is blended with fresh crude, pumped to the
pipestill and rerun. The procedure is repeated with fresh gas oil until the
remainder of the sludge is removed. Since reprocessing costs are high, the
use of crude oil as the diluent has been substituted for gas oil, and has
achieved success.
The hot water method substitutes water for gas oil and again heats and/or
circulates the water. Some of the sludge floats to the top of the water layer
and can be skimmed off and recovered. The bulk of the water/oil emulsion
that is formed must be disposed of or routed to a separator to recover the
hydrocarbons. This method is less effective than the gas oil or crude diluent
methods.
Dispersant Methods
A second approach to chemical cleaning is the use of various dispersants
and demulsifiers added to a gas oil or crude diluent. The demulsifier breaks
oil/water emulsions within the sludge and allows the hydrocarbon phase to
free itself. A dispersant will act on sludge with high paraffin content to break
up the waxes and dissolve the sludge into the diluent. The use of heat and
circulation is generally required for these methods to be successful.
(A limited number of successful cleanings have been reported without heat,
however the circulation time has been much longer than those cleanings
performed with heat.) The chemical additions will generally act to keep the
sludge suspended for a longer period of time than the diluent methods even
if the temperature is lowered, but suspended sludge should still be
processed as soon as possible by gradual feeding into the pipestill.
A number of companies supply chemical dispersants and demulsifiers, and
can perform or assist in planning a tank cleaning. Sludge sampling and
analysis are critical to the success of a dispersant cleaning, since the
relative amounts of demulsifter and dispersant required vary with water and
wax content of the crude, respectively, and since different dispersants are
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available for use on waxes. Sludges with low wax, high asphaltene content
may be less effectively dissolved by the action of the dispersant.
Crude oil is most commonly used as the solvent to which chemicals are
added. The use of crude oil plus chemicals plus heat and agitation is
considered the most successful and cost effective chemical cleaning method
and is the recommended first choice method for de-slugging.
Emulsion Methods
A third and relatively new approach to chemical cleaning is known as the
emulsion method. Several companies have been developing processes
which include combinations of diluents, chemical additions, heat, circulation
and mechanical injectors to break up the sludge. In this approach, chemical
sludge emulsifiers are added to water that is pumped into the tank; a layer
of crude or light oil diluent is added above the water. The sludge is
emulsified, and broken up through chemical and mechanical processes and
transferred to the oil layer above. The dissolved sludge/oil layer is pumped
out and processed. Generally, some wax dispersants are added to assist in
sludge break-up. Various means of introducing the chemical/water solution
into the tank include the use of proprietary lances, jets or nozzles which
inject the solution deep into the sludge layer to provide a lifting effect and
help break it up.
Techniques, which employ the emulsification process, are relatively new
and have been tried at only a few locations. Chemicals for in-house
emulsion cleanings can be obtained from Exxon Chemical Co., or Nalco.
Turn-key operations are offered in the U.S. by Gulf Stream (in conjunction
with Exxon Cbem.) or Baker Oil Company. Baker also services Canada and
South America, whereas in Europe, Emultech offers the service.
An evaluation based on the limited experience available to date indicates
that emulsion methods can be highly effective. Again sludge sampling to
determine proper chemical combinations, dosage and temperature is
crucial to the success of these methods. For turnkey operations, a large
portion of the expense involves transportation of equipment to the site.
Therefore, these methods are more economical where there are very large
sludge accumulations or multiple cleanings at one site.
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APPENDIX III – FINAL DISPOSAL AREAS

Siting limitation
Location Siting limitation
Airports 10,000 ft from an airport used by turbojel aircraft; 5000 ft from an

airport used by piston type aircraft. Any landfills closer will have to
demonstrate that they do not pose a bird hazard to aircraft.
Flood plains 100 - year flood plain. Landfill located within the 100 year
floodplain will have to be designed so as not to restrict flood flow,
reduce the temporary water storage capacity of the floodplain, or
result in washout of solid waste, which would pose a hazard to
human health and the environment.
Wetlands New landfills will not be able to locate in wetlands unless the
following conditions have been demonstrated:
1. No practical alternative with less environmental risk exists
2. Violations of other state and local laws will not occur
3. The unit would not cause or contribute to significant
degradation of the wetland
4. Appropriate and practicable steps have been taken to
minimize potential adverse impacts
5. Sufficient information to make determination is available
Fault areas New landfill units cannot be sited within 200 ft of a fault line that
has had a displacement in Holocene time (past 10,000 years).
Seismic New landfill unit located within a seismic impact zone will have to
impact demonstrate that all contaminant structures (liners, leachate
zone collection systems, and surface water control structures) are
designed to resist the maximum horizontal acceleration in lithified
materials (liquid or loose materials consolidated into solid rock)
for the site.
Unstable areas Landfill units located in unstable areas must demonstrate that the
design ensures stability of structural components. The unstable
areas include areas that are landslide prone, that are in karst
geology susceptible to sinkhole formation, and that are
undetermined by subsurface mines. Existing facilities that cannot
demonstrate the stability of the structural components will be
required to close within five years of the regulation's effective
date.
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Landfill design
Factors Remarks
Access Paved all -weather access roads to landfill site, temporary
roads to unloading areas.
Land area Area should be large enough to hold all community wastes for a
minimum of 5 yr, but preferably 10 to 25 yr; area for buffer
strips or zones must also be included.
Land filling method Land filling method will vary with terrain and available cover;
most common methods are excavated cell/trench, area, and
canyon.
Completed landfill Finished slopes of landfill, 3 to 1; height to bench, if used, 50 to
characteristics 75 ft: slope of final landfill cover, 3 to 6%.
Surface drainage Install drainage ditches to divert surface water runoff; maintain
3 to 6% grade on finished landfill cover to prevent ponding;
develop plan to divert storm water from lined but unused
portions of landfill.
Intermediate cover Maximize use of on-site soil materials; other materials such as
material/ Final cover compost produced from yard waste and MSW can also be used
to maximize the landfill capacity; typical waste to cover ratios
vary from 5 to 1 to 10 to 1.
Landfill liner Use multilayer design; slope of final landfill cover, 36%
Single clay layer (2 to 4 fl) or multilayer design incorporating
the use of a geornembrane, Cross slope
for terrace type leachate collection systems, 1 to 5%; maximum
flow distance over terrace, 100 ft; slope
of drainage channels, 0.5 to 1.0%. Slope for piped type
leachate collection system, 1 to 2%; size of
perforated pipe. 4 in; pipe spacing, 20 ft.
Cell design and Each day's wastes should for in one cell; cover at end of day
construction with 6 in of earth or other suitable material; typical cell width,
10 to 30 ft; typical lift height including intermediate cover,
10 to 14 ft; slope of working faces, 2:1 to 3:1.
Groundwater Divert any underground springs; if required, install perimeter
protection drains, well point system, or other control measures.
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Factors Remarks
Landfill gas Develop landfill gas management plan including extraction wells
management manifold collection system, condensate collection facilities the
vacuum blower facilities, and flaring facilities and/or energy pro-
duction facilities, Operating vacuum at well head, 10 in of
water.
Leachate collection/ Determine maximum leachate now rates and size leachate
collection pipe and/or trenches; size leachate pumping facilities;
select collection pipe materials to withstand static pressures
corresponding to the maximum height of the landfill.
Leachate treatment/ Based on expected quantities of leachate and local
environmental conditions_ select appropriate treatment
process.
Environmental Install vadose zone gas and liquid monitoring facilities: install
requirements/ up-and downgradient groundwater monitoring facilities; locate
ambient air monitoring stations.
Equipment Number and type of equipment will vary with the type of landfill
requirements and the capacity of the landfill.
Fire prevention/ Water on-site; if non-potable, outlets must be marked clearly;

proper cell separation prevents continuous burn - through if
combustion occurs.
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APPENDIX IV - A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE MOST COMMONLY

USED METHODS FOR JACKET PILES SEVERING
Introduction
This section reviews the different cutting methodologies considered in this study.
TSB reviewed cutting techniques considered effective and applicable to offshore
platform decommissioning. For any cutting technique to be effective, it must be:
− Economical
− Safe
− Reliable
− Repeatable
− Flexible and adaptable under field conditions
− Environmentally sensitive
The cutting techniques considered are grouped into two general categories:
explosive and non-explosive. Available explosive methods are bulk charges,
configured bulk charges, and shaped charges. Current non-explosive methods
applicable to this study include diamond wire, mechanical cutters, and abrasive
slurry cutters.
Explosive Methods
Introduction
Using explosives to remove large platforms in deepwater will certainly be a reality
within the near future. In fact, the removal of deepwater subsea structures has
already begun. One such example is the removal of the Garden Banks 387 subsea
template this year. This Gulf of Mexico structure, located in over 2,000 feet of water,
incorporated several innovated approaches-to using explosives in extreme water
depths. These approaches involved the use of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs),
dynamically positioned vessels, wire line units, and detonation of multiple charges
with delays.
When discussing the use of explosives relative to deepwater platforms, a primary
consideration is the final disposition of the platform. Present options for the disposal
of these deepwater platforms include total removal, partial removal, remote reefing,
or reuse of the structure [option deemed not applicable to this study]. Additionally,
the equipment used to perform the removal dictates explosive usage options. These
operational considerations should be established before a specific course of action
involving explosives is finalized. Government restrictions involving explosive usage
offshore must also be addressed before final operating procedures are established.
Explosives are widely used to decommission platforms because they are safe,
reliable, and cost effective. The use of explosives reduces the amount of time divers
are used during the cutting process, thereby minimizing human risk. Their reliability
has been established by the fact that they have been successfully employed to
remove over 930 platforms in the Gulf of Mexico to date. Additionally, the cost of
severing piles and conduttors is generally less than 1 % of the total platform removal
cost. Time is the driving cost factor when discussing severance; delays in vessel
spreads are the primary reason for cost overterms. A failure in the complete
severance of a pile or conductor is usually charged to the owner of the platform.
These costs can be enormous, as time and material rates for large crane vessels
can exceed $500,000 dollars per day.
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Explosive Charge Types
Bulk Charges
Bulk charges are a single mass of explosive material detonated at a single point.
The energy release from this type of charge is not well directed. Rather, bulk
charges rely on the "brute strength" of the explosive to overcome the target material
by a shattering and tearing effect.
Bulk charges are cylindrical in design. These charges vary in length and diameter to
achieve the best fit for a wide range of typical offshore tubulars. Charge diameters
range in size from 4" to 12".
Smaller bulk charges can be arranged to create a larger diameter. This technique
allows the technician to configure the cast explosive material for whatever
conditions may arise. For instance, in some cases it might be advisable to use
smaller charges in a circular ring configuration to maximize the explosive
concentration and proximity to the target material as shown.
Double-Detonation Bulk Charges
The use of a double-detonation bulk charge creates more "cutting power" pound-for-
pound than an ordinary bulk charge. Double detonating the bulk charge is
accomplished by using instant non-electric detonators at opposite ends of the
charge. This detonation creates a confluence of energy at the centre of the charge,
which is dissipated radially outward directly perpendicular into the target material.
It is this directing of explosive energy that makes double-detonating bulk charges
more effective.
Shock Wave EnhancementlFocusin Devices
The shock wave enhancement/focusing (SWED) device combines the best features
of the above charges with the added benefit of extreme confinement to concentrate all
of the explosive energy on the target material. Using increased confinement,
multiple-point detonation, and the actual water inside of the tubular to direct energy;
this device is the most reliable bulk explosive severance device available to date.
Tamping
The energy released by a bulk charge can be enhanced by the use of tamping or
confinement. A bulk charge is used with a metal and/or concrete plug above the
charge. The addition of this tamping increases the duration of the impulse that is
released by the explosive towards the target material.
Shaped Charges
The most effective use of explosives for severing is the shaped charge. The Shaped
charge uses the energy produced by the detonation to drive a liner at high velocity at
the target. The liner striking it at this accelerated velocity then cuts the target.
While the quantity of explosives required to do the cutting can be reduced, shaped
charges have a multitude of manufacturing and design criteria that can drastically
affect performance. The design criterion for shaped charges also requires knowledge
of target specifications. Manufacturing of Shaped charges can take weeks and can
cost five times as much as conventional bulk charges. The various types of Shaped
charges are listed below.
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Rotationally Symmetric (Conical)

This type of charge produces the greatest penetration of all shaped charges due to
the 360 degrees of radial convergence forming the jet. Variation in the conical liner
angle will result in varying properties of the jet. A small angle will produce a very
small, deeply penetrating jet, while a large angle will produce a larger hole with
shallower penetration.
Linear Charge
A running linear charge is a roof-Shaped liner of a given length used to cut plates or
sheets of metals or other materials. The horizontal velocity of the detonation
contributes to penetrating effectiveness. It normally comes sheathed in lead in a coil
form. Its length is limitless.
A simple cutting charge (or non-running linear charge) has a roof-Shaped liner two- to
three times the liner width. The horizontal detonation velocity decreases the cutting
effectiveness in this configuration. This charge would have much more explosive
above the liner for the increased power required to cut and to provide a more uniform
(flat) detonation wave into the liner.
Planar Symmetric Conical Charge
A regular rotationally symmetric shaped charge may be modified to cut in a linear
fashion with the addition of massive confinement. The two opposite sides parallel to
the central axis have 90 degrees of heavy steel plating affixed to the outside of the
charge. This results in uneven collapse of the liner and a fan shape jet toward the
target, producing a slit instead of a round hole.
Self-Forging Fragment Charge
This type of shaped charge uses a high-tensile liner and an extremely large
coneangle. In this charge, the angle is so great that there is no jet formation and the
entire liner is turned into a projectile. These charges are more effective on soft
targets (such as earth) and are not often employed in metal cutting operations.
Deepwater Issues
Explosives have been used in deepwater in a variety of applications. Primarily, the
work conducted relative to offshore structures has been for wells. Conductor wells
have been successfully severed in water depths exceeding 2,850 fect. Explosive
charges have been set using divers, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs),
atmospheric diving systems (ADSs), and off the end of drill pipes from drilling
vessels (with the aid of underwater cameras).
Effects of Water Depth on Explosives & System Selection
The explosive selected for deepwater applications must be one which is not
desensitized by water, components do not separate under pressure, and does not
become more sensitive with the expected increase in hydrostatic pressure.
This would rule out many of the binary explosive mixtures and blasting gels.
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It may become necessary to place the detonator underwater. Most Common

detonators are not designed for use in water depths over 400 feet; however, seismic
detonators can withstand depths of 5,000 feet or more. Factors to consider in
detonator selection are:
• Metal shell material, diameter, and wall thickness (Le, will the hydrostatic
pressure to be encountered crush the detonator?)
• Method of sealing around the wires going into the detonator (i.e., will water be
forced into the detonator housing, thereby desensitizing the initiating
explosive?)
• In the case of non-electric detonators, the housing seal as well as the
pressure rating of the shock tube are factors limiting most non-electric
detonators to a maximum of 270 feet
• Only resistorized electrical detonators should be used. With unresistorized
electrical detonators, galvanic force from anodic jacket protection could
provide energy required for detonation
There is a number of initiation systems used, depending on the type detonator.

These include:
• Common electric detonators can be initiated at the surface by almost any
electrical means. This requires connecting two-conductor wires from the
detonator to the place of initiation
• Both remote and acoustical firing systems are available for electric detonators.
In this type of initiation system, limiting factors are the distance from the
detonator to the receiver and the distance between the receiver and the
transmitter. System costs and deployment methods are problems with the
acoustic system
• Exploding bridge wire (EBW) systems require a firing module and a control
unit. The maximum distance between the firing module and the EBW
detonator is 300 feet; the maximum distance between the firing module and
the control unit is 3,000 feet
Non-Explosive Methods
Non-explosive methods presently used consist of diamond wire, abrasive (slurry)
cutters, mechanical cutters, and oxy-arc torch (diver cutting).
Diamond Me Cutting
The diamond wire cutting system (DWCS [Figures 9.5 - 9.6]) is an external cutting
tool that can be used to cut jacket legs, piles, and diagonal members above and
under water. Divers or a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) can install the DWCS.
The DWCS consists of a leg clamping unit and a diamond wire cutter.
The frame is designed to clamp on the member being cut. The cutting wire consists
of a steel wire rope with a diameter of approximately '1/4-inch onto which is threaded
a series of steel rings approximately'/4-inch long. These rings are embedded with
diamonds, and are separated by a spacer sleeve that places the rings 1-inch apart.
The cutting system is designed to allow the wire to rotate along the perimeter of the
frame. The wire rotates about the pulley wheels. A ROV can be used to set the leg
clamp and cutter in the proper position ori the member to be cut. Once installed, the
DWCS's wire speed, working pressure, and flow rate is controlled from the surface.
Diamond wire cutting has been used since the early 1990's in the North, Adriatic,
and Red Seas. Since then, the DWCS has been used for the removal of offshore
platforms, caissons, conductors, risers, etc. However, until recently, the DWCS had
not been used in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). It was last used in the GOM to
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externally cut 82" and 48" caissons installed in 120 fect of water. Cutting times were
approximately 20 and 2.5 hours for the 82" and 48" caissons respectively.
The DWCS has many possible uses for deepwater platform decommissioning.
The cutting system can be used to sever large platform legs and piles while divers
sever the diagonal members. An ROV can be fitted with the cutting tool and sent
down to cut the diagonal members at depths where divers cannot work safely.
The same ROV configuration can be used to cut the pipeline ends.
Benefits of this cutting tool over other cutting methods are many. There seems to be
no limitation in the size of the cut or material to cut, as long as the cutting tool can
be fixed to the cut member. Water depth may not be an issue when using this tool;
an ROV or diver wearing a hard suit can take and set the tool at the desired
location. By-products generated by the DWCS are only the fine cuttings from the
object being cut, minimizing damage to the environment.
Limitations of the DWCS are based on its external cutting design. lf piles are to be
severed below the mudline, jetting will need to be performed to allow the cutting
device and frame to be attached to the pile. Additional jetting may be necessary
depending on the size of the ROV or other subsea device being used to attach the
unit. An additional limitation of the DWCS is its current control system.
Developments currently underway promise to overcome any limitations in the
DWCS's present design. A sub-bottom cutter (SBC) is currently in development,
which will facilitate cuts below the mudline. Additionally, a computerized cutting
control system promises to provide faster cuts that are more successful in the near
future.
Abrasive Cutting
Abrasive cutting employs mechanisms that inject cutting materials into a water jet
and abrasively wear away steel. There are two types presently in use: high
volume-low pressure and low volume-high pressure. The first type of abrasive cutter
disperses high volumes of sand or slag mixed with water volume (80 to 100
gallons/minute) at relatively low pressure (4,000 to 10,000 psi). The second type of
abrasive jet cutters use low volumes of garnet or other abrasive materials injected at
the nozzle at relatively high water pressure (50,000 to 70,000 psi).
An internal abrasive cutter is spooled into the open pile to 15 feet below the
mudline. Once the unit is in position, the centralizer arms are extended. The mixing
units and pump are then started. Water is pressurized and forced through a hair-thin
opening, producing a powerful waterjet stream. Small particles of abrasive are
added to the high velocity jet stream and the cutting begins.
The external abrasive cutting tool works on the same principle as the internal tool.
Using the same feeding system, the external abrasive cutter is attached using a
series of tracks that wrap around the member to be severed. This system must be
attached by a diver, which limits the depth at which this system can be used safely.
Limitations for both the internal and external abrasive cutters include uneven cutting,
clogged hoses, and water depth limits. Limitations also include the minimum inside
diameter that can be accessed approximately seven inches, combined with the
outside diameter that can be cut. In shallow water depths, abrasive cutters have
been proven to be an effective alternative to explosive pile severing. In some
circumstances, conversations with abrasive jet contractors reveal the unsatisfactory
use of these cutters in water depths greater than 400 feet. Improvements to the
systems generally will eventually allow the abrasive cutters to work in deeper water
depths.
There also exists the problem of verifying that the cut has been made when using
an internal abrasive cutter. Unlike explosives, the conductor or pile often does not
drop, confirming that the cut was successful. With an abrasive tool, the width of the
cut is small and combined with the soil friction, a visual response generally does not
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occur. To verify the cut, the conductor is pulled with either the platform crane or
hydraulic jacks. The lift force must overcome the conductor weight and the soil
friction. At times, this force is many times more than the actual conductor weight. It
is generally assumed that the cut is not successful if the conductor can not be lifted
with a force two times the conductor weight. The abrasive cutting tool is either
re-deployed to make another complete run, or explosives are used to complete the
cut.
Mechanical Cutting
Mechanical cutting employs hydraulically actuated carbide-tipped tungsten blades to
mill through tabular structures. This method has been used most successfully on
small- diameter caissons with individual wells and shallow water well-protector
platforms with vertical piles.
Limitations for the mechanical cutter include uneven cutting (from lateral movement
of uncemented strings), replacement of worn blades, larger lifting equipment
necessary to set the system, and more time required to make each cat.
Conclusions
Several cutting techniques were reviewed in this section. Explosives are predictable,
flexible, and reliable. Current industry practice uses explosives to sever piles below
the mudline at any water depth. Until other techniques provide the reliability and
effectiveness of explosives, these methods will continue to be used for pile severing.
Abrasive and mechanical cutters are not as reliable as explosives to sever piles.
Although they have been proven effective (generally on platforms Located in
relatively shallow water), deepwater simulation tests have demonstrated that there
are a number of operational issues that need to be resolved for each of these
alternative cutting methods. Additionally, there are more delays with these systems
if they fail, and a complete cut during the first pass is less likely to occur than if
explosives are used.
The DWCS is an alternative cutting tool that has great potential for deepwater use,
specifically for severing jackets and pipelines. It is relatively easy to install
(diver- and ROV-friendly) and Current frame designs fit the pile sizes associated
with the platforms included in this study. Although the DWCS might soon become a
standard tool for efficiently severing piles, conductors, and pipelines, further testing
is necessary before it can be considered a viable alternative cutting method for
deepwater platform removals.
While some (or all) of these alternatives may someday provide a viable alternative
to explosive pile severing, potential increases in cost and diver risk currently make
these alternatives less attractive than explosives for the removal of deepwater
platforms.

Company Specification For Fixed and Floating Offshore Platforms Decommissioning and Relevant Sea Bed Reclamation

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Company Specification For Fixed and Floating Offshore Platforms Decommissioning and Relevant Sea Bed Reclamation

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Eni S.p.A.

Exploration & Production Division

COMPANY SPECIFICATION FOR FIXED AND

In this respect, the following steps are foreseen:

1. SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT ................................................................................................................... 5

2. CONFLICTS AND DEVIATIONS .............................................................................................................. 6

6. TENDER PHASE ......................................................................................................................................... 12

16.8 CONFINED SPACES .................................................................................................................................. 34

APPENDIX I – TABLE EFFLUENT DISCHARGE LIMITATIONS.......................................................... 58

APPENDIX II – CRUDE OIL STORAGE TANKS – OVERVIEW OF THE MOST COMMONLY

APPENDIX III – FINAL DISPOSAL AREAS................................................................................................. 67

APPENDIX IV - A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE MOST COMMONLY USED METHODS FOR

1. SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT

1.1.1 This Company specification governs the decommissioning of ENI Offshore

2. CONFLICTS AND DEVIATIONS

 International Convention for Prevention of Pollution from Ships 1973

The following terms will be used throughout the document:

5.1.1 The execution phase of the decommissioning project shall be developed by

5.1.2 Offshore activities shall be carried out by a Contractor having experience in

6.1 INVITATION TO TENDER

 Description of the boundary conditions (i.e. site’s conditions at the time

Upon Contractor request and in addition to the above listed documentation,

6.2 TENDER DOCUMENTATION

 List of authorized transportation companies that will be used for the

7.1 CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS

7.1.1 Company’s order of preference for contractual arrangement is the following:

7.1.2 Any information provided by Company in terms of concrete, steel, plastic

7.2 PROJECT MANAGEMENT TEAM

7.2.1 Contractor shall exercise an effective project management through a

7.2.3 Company shall approve the appointed Contractor’s project management

8. ENGINEERING STUDIES AND DOCUMENTATION

8.1.1 Contractor shall submit a Decommissioning Manual including all drawings,

 Schedule of HSE activities including induction and training content and

9. DECOMMISSIONING SEQUENCE DEFINITION

10. SITE SURVEY

11. OFFSHORE ACTIVITIES PLANNING

11.1.1 Offshore activities shall be carried out following below sequence:

11.2 OFFSHORE ACTIVITIES STAFF

11.2.1 Contractor staff shall be experienced in offshore activities carried out in

12. PLATFORM CONDITIONS

EQUIPMENT / MODULES CHECK LIST

Functional Item Electrical Mechanical Final Gas Safety Ready for

URF CHECK LIST

12.1.6 All checks of above point 12.1.5 shall be witnessed by a Company

12.1.7 Plant conditions before starting the dismantling activities, shall be as

13. PLATFORM SECURING

13.2 SAFETY VERIFICATIONS

13.2.1 Secondary structure, pipe racks, elevated platforms, gangways and

13.3 H2S CONTAINING LINES AND EQUIPMENT

13.4 ASBESTOS CONTAINING MATERIALS (ACM)

13.5 FIRE FIGHTING AND FIRE PREVENTION

13.5.1 Firefighting system operability shall be checked. If necessary, the system

14. TEMPORARY UTILITY SYSTEM

15. MECHANICAL / ELECTRICAL ISOLATION

15.1.1 At least the following actions shall be taken either by Company or by

16. HEALTH AND SAFETY ENVIRONMENT

16.2 WORK PERMIT PROCEDURE

16.2.1 Contractor shall submit to Company approval a work permit procedure.

16.3 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

16.4 FIRE FIGHTING AND FIRE PROTECTION

16.5 NORM MATERIALS

16.6 EQUIPMENT LIFTING

16.6.1 Contractor shall prepare the general Lifting Procedure to be submitted to

International Convention for Prevention of Pollution from Ships 1973

Description of the boundary conditions (i.e. site’s conditions at the time

List of authorized transportation companies that will be used for the

Schedule of HSE activities including induction and training content and