CONFLICT OF LAWS

I. Introduction - Baldostamon

1. Scope of Conflict of Laws

a. Definition of Conflict of Laws
b. Elements for the Application of Conflict of Laws
- Conflict of Laws is part of Municipal law
- Directive to Courts and/or Administrative Agencies
- Foreign Elements
- Application or non-application of a Foreign Law/s
c. Functions of Conflict of Laws
d. Significance / Importance of Conflict of Laws
e. Identifying issues of Conflict of Laws

2. History of Conflict of Laws

a. Origin
b. Modern Views/ Developments
c. Conflict of Laws in the Philippines
3. Conflict of Laws vs. Public International Law
a. Distinguish
b. Sources

4. Conflict of Laws under Common Law and Private International Law under Civil
Law
5. International law
6. Branches of International law
7. Distinctions between Public and Private International Law

Cases:
- Guerrero’s Transport Services, Inc vs. Blayblock Transp. Services,
71 SCRA 621 (1976)
- Saudi Arabian Airlines vs. CA, 297 SCRA 469 (1998)
- Northern P.R. Co vs. Babcock, 154 U.S 190
- Laurel vs. Garcia, 187 SCRA 797 (1990)
- Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corp vs. Sheman, 176 SCRA 331
(1989)
- International School Alliance of Educators vs. Quisumbing, 333
SCRA 13 (2000)
- Abdullahi v Pfizer
- Hasegawa v Kitamura
- Small v United States
- Kiobel v Royal Dutch Petroleum Co.,
- Saudi Arabian Airlines v Rebesencio, et al
II. Jurisdiction - Baldove

1. Category of Jurisdiction
a. Definition
b. Jurisdiction Over the Person
c. Jurisdiction Over the Res
d. Jurisdiction Over the Subject Matter

2. Ways to Deal with Conflict of Laws Cases

a. Refusal to Assume Jurisdiction
i. Doctrine of Forum Non-Conveniens
b. Assumption of Jurisdiction
i. Lex fori
ii. Lex causae
c. Renvoi
i. Definition
ii. Application
iii. Problem
iv. Double Renvoi vs. Transmission

Cases:
- Adong vs. Cheong Seng Gee, 43 Phil 43
- Lim vs. Collector 36 Phil 472
- Hasegawa v. Kitamura, 538 SCRA 26, (2007)
- Raytheon International v. Stockton W. Rouzie, Jr., G.R. No.
162894, (February 26, 2008), 546 SCRA 555
- Manila Hotel Corp and Manila Hotel Int’l Ltd. vs. NLRC G.R. No.
120077, (October 13, 2000), 343 SCRA 1
- PhilSec. Investment v. Court of Appeals, 274 SCRA 102 (1997)
- Pioneer Concrete Philippines v. Todaro, 524 SCRA 153 (2007)
- Laureano v. CA, 324 SCRA 414 (2000)
- Wild Valley v. CA, 342 SCRA 213 (2000)
- Santos III vs. Northwest Orient Lines, 210 SCRA 256 (1992)
- National Rental vs. Szukhent et al., 375 U.S. 311 (1964)
- International Shoe Co. vs. Washington, 326 U.S. 310 (1945)
- Perkins vs. Benguet Consolidated Mining Co 342 U.S. 437, 72 S.
Ct. 413 96 (1952)
- McGee vs. International Life Ins. Co.355 U.S. 220 (December 16,
1957)
- World-wide Volkswagen Corp. vs. Woodson 444 U.S. 286 (1980)
- Calder vs. Jones, 465 U.S. 783 (March 20, 1984)
- Keeton vs. Hustler Magazine, Inc. et al, 465 U.S. 770 (March 20,
1984)
- Asahi Metal Industry Co vs. Superior Court, 480, U.S 102 (February
24, 1987)
- Bensuan Restaurant Corporation vs. Richard B. King, Docket No.
96-9344, (September 10, 1997)
- Compuserve Inc. vs. Richard Patterson, No. 95-3452, (July 22,
1996)
- Rush vs. Sauchuk, 444 US 320 (1980)
- Banco Español Filipino vs. Palanca, 37 Phil. 921 (1918)
- Carballo vs. Encarnacion, 92 Phil. 974 (1952)
- Santos vs. Montesa, Jr., 221 SCRA 15 (1993)
- William Gemperle vs. Helen Schenker, 19 SCRA 45 (1967)
- Asian Merchant Bankers (M) Berhad, vs. Court of Appeals et al.,
G.R. No. 110263, (July 20, 2001)
- Regner vs. Logarta 537 SCRA 277
- European Resources and Technologies, Inc vs. Ingenieuburo
Birkhahn + Nolte, Ingeniurgesellschaft mbh 435 SCRA 246
- Piper Aircraft Co. vs. Reyno, 454 U.S. 235 (December 8, 1981)
- Gulf Oil vs. Gilbert, 330 US 501 (1947)
- Lueck vs. Sundstrand , No. 99-15961, D.C. No. CV-97-2223, RGS
(January 8, 2001)
- Monegro vs. Rosa, US 9th Circuit, 9816846, (May 3, 2000)
- Erie Railroad Co. vs. Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64, 58 S. Ct. 817, 82 L.Ed.
1188 (1938)
- K.K. Shell Sekiyu Osaka Hatsubaisho and Fu Hing Oil Co., Ltd. v.
Court of Appeals, G.R. Nos. 90306-07, 30 July 1990
- Communications Materials and Design vs. Court of Appeals G.R.
No. 102223, (August 22,1996)
- Islamic Republic of Iran v. Pahlavi, 62 NY 2d. 474 (1984)
- MacShannon v. Rockware Glass Ltd [1987] A.C. 795 at 819
- Sumitomo Bank Ltd v. Kartika Ratna Thahir & Ors and another
matter, High Court, Originating Summons No. 308 of 1976, Singapore
- Kartika Ratna Thahir v. PT Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi
Negara, Court of Appeal, Civil Appeal No. 204 of 1992, 25 August 1994,
Singapore
- The “Rainbow Joy”, 2005 SGCA 36, Court of Appeal – Civil Appeal
No 116 of 2004, Singapore
- In re: Union Carbide Corporation Gas Plant Disaster in Bhopal,
India in December 1984, U.S. Court of Appeals, 14 January 1986
- First Philippine International Bank vs. CA, 252 SCRA 259 (1996)
- Wing On Company vs. Syyap 64 O.G. 8311 (1967)
- Heine vs. New York Insurance Company 45 F2d 426 (1940)
- Goodwine vs. Superior Court 63 Cal. 2d 481, 407 P. 2d 47 Cal.
Rptr. 201 (1965)
- Fleumer vs. Hix, 54 Phil. 610 (1930)
- Philippine Trust Co. vs. Bohanan, 106 Phil. 997 (1960)
- Proscilla C. Mijares et al., vs. Hom. Santiago Javier Ranada, et al.,
G.R. No. 139325, (April 12, 2005)
- Pioneer Concrete Philippines, Inc., et al., vs. Antonio D. Todaro
G.R. No. 154830, (June 8, 2007), 524 SCRA 153
- Bank of America NT & SA, et al vs. Court of Appeals G.R. No.
120135, (March 31, 2003)
- Gulf Oil Corporation vs. Gilbert, 330, U.S. 501 (March 10, 1947)
- Travelers Health Assn. vs. Virginia, 339 U.S. 643 (June 5, 1950)
- World-Wide Volkswagen Corp vs. Woodson, 444 U.S. 286, Decided:
January 21, 1980
- Schmidt vs. Driscol, 249 Minn 376 82, NW 2d 365 (1957)
- Pennoyer vs. Neff, 95 U.S. 714 (1878)
- International Shoe Co. vs. Washington, 326 U.S. 310 (1945)
- Mullane vs. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co., Trustee, et al., 399
U.S. 306 (1950)
- Shaffer vs. Heitner, 433 U.S. 186 (1977)
- Lazaro b. RayRay vs. Chae Kyung Lee G.R. No. L-18176, (October
26, 1966)
- French vs. Banco National de Cuba, 295 NY 2d, 422-423 (1968)
(Saba Hino)
- Hassan El-Fadl vs. Central Bank of Jordan, et. al. (February 6,
1996, No. 94-7212)
- Republic of the Philippines, et al v Pimentel et al Supreme Court of
the United States No. 06-1204
- Islamic Republic of Iran v. Pahlavi, 62 NY 2d. 474 (1984)
- Credit Suisse v. U.S.D.C., 130 F.3d at 1342 (9th Cir. 1997)
- Kirkpatrick Inc. v. Environmental Tectonics Corp., Int’l., 493 U.S.
400, 107 L.Ed. 2d 816 (1990)
- In Re: Philippine National Bank v. United States District Court for
the District of Hawaii, No. 04-71843, D.C. No. MDL-00840-MLR
- Pennhurst State School and Hosp. v. Halderman, 465, U.S. 89
(1984)
- Lord Day & Lord v. Socialist Republic of Vietnam 134 F. Supp.2d
549 (S.D.N.Y. 2001)
- Saratoga Country Chamber of Commerce, In. v. Pataki 798 N.E. 2d
1047 (N.Y. 2003)
- Helen Liu v The Republic of China, No. 87-2976, United States
Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, 892 F.2d 1419 (1989)
- Idonah Perkins vs. Roxas, 72 Phil. 514 (1941)
- Caluag vs. Pecson, 82 Phil. 8 (1948)
- Far East International Import and Export Corporation vs. Nankai
Kogyo Co., LTD., et al., G.R. No. L-13525, (November 30, 1962)

III. Choice of Law - Bawe

1. Choice of law principles

a. Principle 1: local law, the problem of renvoi ( Aznar v Garcia)
b. Principle 2: Needs of the interstate and international systems
c. Principle 3: Relevant policies of the forum ( Bellis v Bellis), Cadalin v POEA
Administrator, Bank of America NT and Asia v American Realty
Corporation, Dacasin v Dacasin)
d. Principle 4: Relevant policies of other interested states ( Kearney v
Salomon Smith Barney
e. Principle 5: Protection of Justified Expectations
f. Principle 6:Basic Policies underlying the particular field of law
g. Principle 7:Certainty, predictability and uniformity of result
h. Principle 8: Ease in the determination and application of the law to be
applied
2. Theories on the Application of Foreign Law
a. Theory of Comity
b. Theory of Vested Right
c. Theory of Local Law
d. Theory of Harmony of Laws
e. Theory of Justice

3. Determination of Applicable Law

a. Center of Gravity Doctrine / Grouping of Contracts
b. Caver’s Principle
c. The State-Interest Analysis
d. German Rule of Elective Concurrence

4. Characterization of Conflicts Rules / Connecting Factors

a. Definition
b. Theories of Characterization
c. Sources of Problem of Characterization
d. Steps in Characterization

5. Exception to the Application of Foreign Laws

Cases:
- Tayag Renato vs. Benguet Consolidated, Inc. G.R. No. 23145,
(November 29, 1968)
- United Airlines Inc. vs. Court of Appeals G.R. No. 124110, (April
20, 2001)
- Cadalin vs. POEA Administrator, 238 SCRA 721, 774-775 (1994)
- Pakistan International Airlines vs. Ople, G.R. No. 61594,(September
28, 1990) 190 SCRA 1990
- Huntinghon vs. Attrill, 146 U.S. 657 (1892)
- Testate Estate of Amos G. Bellis et al. vs. Edward Belli, L-23678,
June 6, 1967
- Sps. Zalamea vs. Court of Appeals and Transworld Airlines, Inc.,
G.R. No. 104235, November 18, 1993
- Garcia vs. Recio, G.R. No. 138322, October 2, 2001
- Asiavest Merchant Bankers vs. Court of G.R. No. 110263, July 20,
2001
- Intercontinental Hotels vs. Golden, 254 NYS 2d 527, NY 1964
- Cadalin vs POEA Administrator, 238 SCRA 721 (1994)

IV

4th Reporter - Dacutin

1. General Theories in Status and Capacity

a. Definition of Status and Capacity
b. Kinds of Capacity
c. Characteristics of Status

2. Personal Law
a. Definition
b. Theories on Personal Law
i. Nationality Theory
- Definition of Nationality and Citizenship
- Determination (Who are citizens of the Philippines?)
- Classification of Citizens in the Philippines
- Theory of effective nationality
- Procedure for Naturalization
- Lost of Philippine Citizenship
- Reacquisition of Citizenship
- Problem in the Application of Nationality Theory
- Nationality of Juridical Person

ii. Domiciliary Theory

- Definition of Domicile
- Kinds
- Rules on Domicile
- Domicile distinguished from Residence
 - Domicile of Juridical Person

Include relevant cases and examples

5th Reporter - Dagum

3. Family Relations
a. Marriage
- Philippine Policy on Marriage
▪ Intrinsic Validity (Between Foreigners, Filipinos or Mixed when
Celebrated abroad and/or in the Philippines)
▪ Extrinsic Validity
▪ Property Relations

b. Divorce
- Divorce distinguished from Annulment and Legal Separation
- Effect of Divorce Obtained by Filipinos
- Divorce Between Foreigners
- Divorce Between a Foreigner and a Filipina

Include relevant cases and examples

6th Reporter- Del Ceste

c. Adoption laws in the Philippines

- Definition and Purpose of Adoption
- Conflict rules on Adoption (Effect of Adoption, Foreign
Adoption and Philippine Law on Adoption with foreign element)

d. Paternity and Filiation

- Definition of Paternity and Filiation
- Conflict rules on Paternity and Filiation
▪ Status of Children
▪ Rights of Children
▪ Doctrine of Immutability of Status of Child

Include relevant cases and examples

7th Reporter- Guinta

Property
e. Lex loci or Lex loci rei sitae
f. Conflict of rules on Property
- Immovables
- Movables
g. Exceptions

Wills, Succession and Administration of Estates

h. Definition of Wills and Administration of Estate
i. Conflict Rules on the execution of a will
- Intrinsic Validity (National Law)
- Extrinsic Validity (Made by Filipinos or Foreigners abroad
and/or in the Philippines)
j. Conflict Rules on the Administration of Estate
Include relevant cases and examples

8th Reporter-Maglinte

Obligations and Contacts

k. Definition of Contract
l. Essential Element of a Contract
m. Conflict rules on Contracts
- Capacity of the parties
- Intrinsic Validity (Lex loci contractus, lex loci voluntatis, lex
loci intentionis)
- Extrinsic Validity

n. Issues on Conflicts Contracts Cases

- Choice of Forum Clause
- Contracts with Arbitration Clause
- Adhesion Contracts
- Special Contracts
- Limitation on the Application of Conflict Rules on Contracts

Include relevant cases and examples