Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Electronics Communication and Aerospace Technology [ICECA 2019]

IEEE Conference Record # 45616; IEEE Xplore ISBN: 978-1-7281-0167-5

Fruit Recognition and Grade of Disease Detection

using Inception V3 Model
Nikhitha M, Roopa Sri S, Uma Maheswari B
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Amrita School of Engineering, Bengaluru,
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
nikhithareddymaveli1998@gmail.com, roopasingam1997@gmail.com, b_uma@blr.amrita.edu
are very popular and useful for image classification and
identification of fruits respectively. This work is done based on
the color, size, and shape of the fruit. To detect the infections in
Abstract— In India, crop yield is declined due to the post fruits, convolutional neural networks techniques are used as
recognition of diseases in fruits/vegetables by the farmers. per size and color. For computer technology, this model is
Farmers face great economic loss worldwide. Diseases in fruits
using a convolutional neural network used for classify the
and plants are the main reasons for the agricultural loss.
Knowing the health status of fruits/vegetables helps farmers to images and object recognition. A convolutional neural
improve their productivity. This motivates us to design and network works on image, sound and text analytics.
develop a tool to help farmers detect the diseases in the early TensorFlow is an open source artificial intelligence developed
stage itself. This work focuses on developing a user-friendly tool by Google. It helps the developers to create a neural network
which recognizes the level of the disease and grades them which can have many layers in it. TensorFlow is mostly used
accordingly. Inception model uses convolutional neural networks for classification, predication and so on.
for the classification, which is again retrained using transfer
learning technique. The proposed system also grades the fruit Section II describes the related work section III explains
based on the percentage of infection. The system is developed in the classification of fruits, section IV describes the experiment
Tensor flow platform. For the proposed work banana, apple and and the results obtained and section V concludes the paper
cherry fruits have been considered.
with possible future research directions.
Keywords—Fruit disease; image processing; TensorFlow;
disease detection. II. RELATED WORK
This section describes the work carried out by the
I. INTRODUCTION researchers in the classification of objects and defect detection
arena.
There are around 2000 types of fruits present in the world
Chandini et al. [17] propose hardware to detect the quality
and each species of fruits will be around 3 to 4 lakhs. Apple,
of the fruits. In this paper, they have classified the fruits in low
mango and orange are more likely consumed by Indians. India
and high based on the quality of fruits. The hardware it uses is
is the second largest country in the production of fruits in the
raspberry pi on the MATLAB software.
world. According to the National Horticulture Board. India
Xiaolong Xia et al. [1] propose a technique for classifying
produced 90.2 million metric tons of fruits in 2015-2016. The
the flowers by considering their color, contour, and texture.
fruits should be inedible stage and it requires proper
Inception model and transfer learning are applied for the
maintenance. Care should be taken that the diseased fruits
flower classification and retraining their image datasets. Jhuria
should be recognized in earlier stages rather than detecting
et al. [13] using image processing techniques. In this color and
them later in the final stage to avoid the infections spreading to
texture are used for disease detection. They have used two
other fruits that are positioned nearby in the cold storage. As
types of datasets one is the training of images and another one
fruits are purchased by the sellers from the farmers in bulk
is testing images. For the adjustment of the weight in training
amount it is difficult for them to check each fruit manually
images, they used the back propagation.
whether it is in good quality or not.
The authors Barbedo et al. [6] proposed a model for
This work focuses on fruit identification and after detecting, qualifying and classifying the plant diseases using
identifying the fruit the proposed tool also grades the fruit image processing technique. However, the drawback of the
depending on the level of infection. Our proposed system model is the object should be displayed only in either black or
helps the buyers to pick the good quality fruits from assorted white background. A technique for apple fruit identification is
fruits. Thus the objective of the proposed work is to help the suggested by Dubey et al. [7] using local binary patterns and
buyers to select the best fruits from the farmers without multiclass Support Machine Vector(SVM) Disease detection
wasting their time. and fruit. Kim DaeGwan et al. [5] worked on the classification
of grape peel fruit diseases. The authors primarily focus on the
Digital image processing and Neural Network techniques

Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Electronics Communication and Aerospace Technology [ICECA 2019]
IEEE Conference Record # 45616; IEEE Xplore ISBN: 978-1-7281-0167-5
detection of citrus peel diseases by using color texture features
such as Hue, Saturation, and Intensity and obtained 96.7
percentage accuracy.
III. CONSTRUCTION OF FRUIT CLASSIFICATION MODEL
This model is working in many stages and consists of
Inception v3 model, Image preprocessing and Transfer
Learning techniques. Fig. 1 shows the high-level architecture
and the flow of the working model.
Proposed model Inception v3 model is mostly used in image
recognition and it is a predefined convolutional neural
network. It contains totally 28 layers. Inception already has a
dataset called
ImageNet which contains the 1000 different object categories
and it gives an accuracy of 78.1 percent. So the Inception v3
model is used in this architecture. Inception v3 model is
downloaded and used in the architecture. Fig. 2 shows the
working flow of an Inception model.
The proposed work captures the fruit’s image and resizes
the images into 299x299x3 which is a feed into the inception
v3 model as an input. it is using the Inception model which has
the flexibility of preprocessing. The image can be
preprocessed in a range of moderate to complex. The complex
preprocessing it requires a large set of expensive hardware
which is a not required for this model so moderate
preprocessing is used. In this moderate preprocessing it does
the cropping and the resizing of an image. It resizes to the
299x299x3 which the standard image size in inception v3
model.
2. the working flow of an Inception v3 model (Source:
https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/inception-v3-advanced)
978-1-7281-0167-5/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 1040
The Inception display is very equipped for extricating
helpful data from an image. So, we can rather prepare the
Inception model utilizing another informational collection. It
takes half a month for a costly PC to completely prepare the
Inception so that it can demonstrate another informational
collection. We can rather re-utilize the pre-prepared Inception
model and only displace the layer that does the last grouping.
This is called Transfer Learning. In Transfer learning, there is
no need for removing or changing the lower layers of the
inception model only outer layers is sufficient.
IV. IMPLEMANTATION AND RESULTS
The proposed system consists of three steps such as
∙ Dataset collection
∙ Training the model
∙ Results
Fig. 1.
A. Data Collection
In this model, images are required for the training of the
model. For better accuracy, it requires a large data set. For this
model, the dataset is taken from the fruits classification dataset
from the GitHub. This dataset contains the following:
∙ The training set of 522262 images
∙ Testing set of 17540 images
The total no. of types of fruits considered are 101
Fig. 3 shows some of the training data images
Fig. 3. Sample training images.
Fig.
B. Training the Inception Model
In this stage loading of the data set is done. As the
experiment is done on the inception model there is a need to
 change the outer two layers. In this experiment, the changes Takes a sample of fruits like apple, banana, and cherry which
are done on the bottleneck layer. On the bottleneck layer, it are found in nearby stores. It shows the percent of confidence
stores the cache values of each training images, so that the saying that it belongs to a particular fruit. In this classification,
time of validation stage it would show the output fast. it not only classifies a single fruit but can also classify multiple
fruits. For calculating the percent of disease identification in
C. Results this model fruit has been classified into four grades they are A,
In this experiment, the results are shown in the two ways 1. B, C and D. The grade A says the given
Classification of fruits 2. Percent of disease identification.

978-1-7281-0167-5/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 1041

Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Electronics Communication and Aerospace Technology [ICECA 2019]
IEEE Conference Record # 45616; IEEE Xplore ISBN: 978-1-7281-0167-5

image is generally excellent for eating, grade B says that a

little piece of the fruit is ruined, grade C says the half of the
fruit is ruined and D indicates that the fruit is totally spoiled
and isn't consumable. Grade A varies from 0 to 25 percent, the
grade B varies from25 to 50 percent, the grade C varies from Fig. 8. Result of the fruit classification for the input image shown in
Fig. 7
the 50 to 75 percent and the grade D varies from the 75 to 100
Fig. 9 shows the given input image of the cherry and Fig. 10
percent.
result of the given image it shows that the model is 90 percent
In this experiment validation steps are done in 500 times
confident that it is cherry.
which gives an accuracy of 100% which is shown in Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.
Validation and accuracy.
Fig. 9. Input Image of the model-cherry
Fig. 5 is the given input image and Fig. 6 result of the given
image it shows that the model is 90 percent confident that it is
apple.

Fig. 10 .Result of the fruit classification for the input image shown in
Fig. 9

For the multiple fruits present in an image, it recognizes

each fruit present in the image. Fig. 11 shows the multiple
Fig. 5. Input image for the model
fruits in an image. Fig. 12 says the Result of multiple fruits
image and it shows the confidence of 51 percent that image
contains banana.

Fig. 6. Result of the fruit classification for the input image shown in
Fig. 5

Fig. 7 is the given input image of the banana and Fig. 8 result Fig. 11. Input Image of the multiple fruits
of the given image it shows that the model is 99 percent
confident that it is banana

Fig 12. Result of the multiple fruit classification

Fig. 13 and Fig. 15 are the images that are taken from the
phone for testing it works in any camera. Fig. 14 shows that
Fig. 7. Input Image of the model-Banana.
 Fig. 13 is 81 percent apple. Fig. 16 shows that Fig. 15 is 95
percent confident that it belongs to banana.
Fig. 13. Input Image taken from Phone
Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Electronics Communication and Aerospace Technology [ICECA 2019]
IEEE Conference Record # 45616; IEEE Xplore ISBN: 978-1-7281-0167-5
Fig 15. Input image taken from the phone.
Fig 16: Result of the fruit classification for Fig. 15
Fig. 17 shows the input image that is considered for useful detecting diseases in vegetables and plants and
calculating the percent of disease identification in the image completely helpful for the agricultural industry.
and Fig. 18 shows the result of Fig. 16 and it shows that it
belongs to grade A and the 9.8 percentage of the fruit is
affected states that the fruit is excellent for eating.
Fig 17. Input image of the Grade of disease identification
Fig 18. Result of the Percent of the disease identification
V. CONCLUSION
In this paper, it is proposed to find how much percent the
Fig. 14. Result of the Fig. 13
978-1-7281-0167-5/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 1042
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