Chapter Relaxation Oscillators

6 Triangular Waveform Generators

One Mark Questions Two Mark Questions

01. Consider the oscillator circuit shown in the 01. For the oscillator circuit shown in figure,
figure. The function of the network (shown the expression for the time period of
in dotted lines) consisting of the 100kW oscillations can be given by (where   RC )
resistor in series with the two diodes (EE-GATE-01)
connected back to back is to R
(EC-GATE-16) C
1nF 158k 
V0

R
1nF 158k  VCC
 R

 VCC
(A)  ln3 (B) 2 ln3
22.1k
(C)  ln 2 (D) 2 ln 2

D1 02. A relaxation oscillator is made using op-

100k
amp as shown in figure. The supply
D2 voltages of the op-amp are 12V . The
voltage waveform at point P will be
100k
(EE-GATE-06)
R1
(a) Introduce amplitude stabilization by
preventing the op-amp from saturating R2
and thus producing sinusoidal C

oscillations of fixed amplitude

(b) Introduce amplitude stabilization by 2K
forcing the op-amp to swing between
P
positive and negative saturation and
10K 10K
thus producing square wave
oscillations of fixed amplitude
(c) Introduce amplitude stabilization by
forcing the circuit to oscillate a single A 
frequency
6
(d) Enable the loop gain to take on a value
10
that produces square wave oscillations

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Analog Electronics Relaxation Oscillators

 B C
10 6

6
10

C D
6 10

10 6

D 04. The switch S in the circuit of the figure is

10 initially closed, it is opened at time t  0 .
You may neglect the Zener diode forward
6
voltage drops. What is the behavior of Vout
for t  0 ? (EE-GATE-07)
03. A relaxation oscillator is made using op- 10V
amp as shown in figure. The supply
voltages of the op-amp are 12V. The 1K 10V
voltage waveform at point P will be

(EE-GATE-06) VOUT
S 
R1 10K 5.0V
0.01F
10V
R2
C 10V 100K 5.0V


(A) It makes a transition from 5V to
2K
5V at t  12.98 s
P
(B) It makes a transition form 5V to
10K 10K
5V at t  2.57s
(C) It makes a transition from 5V to
5V at t  12.98s
A  (D) It makes at transition from 5V to
6 5V at t  2.57s
10
05. In the circuit shown in the figure, the
switch has been in position 1 for a long
 B time. It is then moved to position 2.
10 Assume the zener diodes to be ideal. The
6 time delay between the switch moving to
position 2 and the transition in the output
voltage Vo is (IN-GATE-09)

2 Prepared by: Goutham, M.Tech (IITM) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs

Analog Electronics Relaxation Oscillators
15V
15V (A) square wave of period 0.55ms
Position1 10k
Position 2
 1k (B) triangular wave of period 0.55ms
S Vo
1F 
(C) square wave of period 0.25ms
4.7k 5V
15V (D) triangular wave of period 0.25ms
15V

4.7k 5V 08. In the op-amp circuit shown, the Zener

diodes Z1 and Z2 clamp the output voltage

(a) 5.00 msec (b) 8.75msec V0 to 5V or 5V . The switch S is

(c) 10.00msec (d) 13.75msec initially closed and is opened at time t  0 .
10V
06. An oscillator circuit using ideal op-amp
and diodes is shown in the figure.
S 100F 10V
(EE-GATE-14)
R t 0
 470
V0

5V
10V Z1

C 
V0 10 4k
1k Z2
5V

10V 0V 0V
3K
The time t  t1 (in seconds) at which V0
1K changes state is ____ (EC-GATE-16)
1K
09. In the given relaxation oscillator, the op-
The time duration for positive part of the amps and the zener diodes are ideal. The
cycle is t1 and for negative part is t 2 . frequency (in kHz) of the square wave
 t1  t 2 output Vo is ______ (IN-GATE-18)
The value of e RC will be _____
0.1nF
50k
07. The saturation voltage of the ideal op-amp
shown below is 10V . The output voltage
Vo of the following circuit in the steady- 
25k 
state is (EE-GATE-15)  V0

1k 100
10 V
0.25 F 50k 50k

V0

2 k 5V
10 V
5V
2 k

3 Prepared by: Goutham, M.Tech (IITM) OHM Institute – Hyderabad GATE|ESE|PSUs