English How do you see yourself

Pedagogical Module 4 in five years?

Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness,
Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts

Second Course BGU

Personality vocabulary 5
A person who has made
6 a difference: George Lucas

Te
ch
4

n
Time order words

ol
og
y
7 Five-Factor Model

·Ps
yc
Prefixes and suffixes 3

olh
og
ish

8 Famous painters

y
gl

We Can

·
En

Ar
Future with
Make a

t
“will/won’t” 2 New Year’s Eve

·
and “going to” 9 celebrations

So
Difference in the UK

ci
al
St
ud
Gerunds
1

ie
and infinitives

s
Values

11 Gender equality 10 Interculturality

A Person Who Has Made a Difference: George Lucas

Filmmaker George Lucas has changed the film
industry in many ways. He has written, directed,
and produced some of the best-loved movies
of our time. He has also made major contributions
to modern film technology. At first, Lucas did
not plan to become a filmmaker. His first dream
was to become a race car driver. After a bad
accident, he decided to go to college. In college,
Lucas studied movie-making and made a number
of student films. His third featured film, Star
Wars, changed everything.
A story of good versus the evil became a huge
international hit. The movie used new technology
that revolutionized the film industry. He used
new types of cameras and a modern sound
system. His latest innovation is the use of digital
photography in filmmaking. George Lucas’s love
of storytelling and his technological innovations
have transformed movie-making forever.
Taken and Adapted from: Oshima, A. and Hogue, A. (2007) Introduction to
Academic Writing. Level 3. Third Edition. Pearson Longman. New York-USA

• In pairs or as a class, discuss the following questions.

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• Who is George Lucas?

• What has been his major contribution to filmmaking?
• If you had the opportunity to meet him what would you ask him?

1
 Lesson A

Communication and Cultural Awareness

What are you like?

Personality Traits
Personality traits or characteristics can be
determined by our actions, attitudes and behaviors.

To discover your own personal traits, ask yourself

the following questions:

• What brought me joy as a child?

• What brings me joy now?
• What’s my biggest accomplishment?
• What’s my biggest dream?
• What’s my biggest fear?

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• How would others describe me?

Many of your personality traits are likely to be Here is a list of adjectives that describe negative
positive. Here is a list of positive adjectives that can aspects of personalities:
help you describe personality traits:
Arrogant. believing you are better
Adventurous. a lover of adventures than others
Charming. liked by other people Stingy. don’t like to share or spend
Confident. sure of yourself much money
Conscientious. conscious of others and Bossy. acting like you are the boss
your environment Cowardly. fearful of everything
Discreet. not loud, not sharing too Lazy. not wanting to work
much information Malicious. with bad intentions
Extrovert. outgoing, happy to interact Obnoxious. crazy, out of control
with others
Picky. too selective
Fair. acts with justice
Dishonest. not honest
Fearless. not afraid of anything
Rude. not courteous or polite to others
Helpful. enjoys helping others
Sarcastic. making fun of things or people
Imaginative. creative, good imagintion with irony
Open. easy to talk to, mind open Impulsive. acting without thinking
to other ideas
Self-centered. only focused on yourself
Cheerful. happy
Thoughtless. not thinking, especially about
Optimistic. always looking at the bright other people
side of situations
Unfriendly. not friendly or nice to others
Courageous. having a lot of courage
Neurotic. very crazy or worried about things
Sociable. friendly with others
Agreeable. easy to get along with
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Look at the adjectives above. Circle the three

positive and three negative personality traits that
best describe you. Explain to a partner why you
chose them.

2
 Oral Communication
Psychology

Do you think we can predict people’s personalities using psychology?

Five-Factor Model in Psychology

Conscientiousness

Agreeableness
Openness

The
Big Five
Personality
Traits Neuroticism
Extraversion

Grammar Note Freepik

Listen to Professor Martin Sheridan delivering Suffixes

a lecture in his psychology class and answer the Understanding the meanings of common suffixes
following questions.
can help you figure out the meanings of new
1. Which topics does the professor talk about? words you find. Here are some examples. Notice
Check the correct answers: the spelling and meaning changes.
Extroversion Malice
Suffix Example
Unfriendliness Sociability -ed walk + ed = walked
Verb
Openness Conscientiousness Suffixes -ing say + ing = saying
Agreeableness Neuroticism -ness happy + ness = happiness
-sion convert + sion = conversion
Dishonesty Noun
-ment excite + ment = excitement
Suffixes
2. What does the acronym OCEAN stand for? -tion educate + tion = education
-cian music + cian = musician
-al accident + al = accidental
3. What is the Five-Factor Model?
able- accept - able = acceptable
-ary imagine + ary = imaginary
Adjective
-ful help + ful = helpful
suffixes
4. What do you think about this model? -ly friend + ly = friendly
Do you agree with it? Why or why not? -er tall + er = taller
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-est large + est = largest

Adverb
-ly hopeful + ly = hopefully
suffixes

3
Reading

What makes a person influential?

Discuss the following questions in small groups:

a. Is there anyone who has made a difference
in your life?

b. How has this person made a difference

in your life?

c. Do you think you have made a difference

in someone’s life? How?

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The Person Who Has Made
a Difference in My Life
When I think about the person who has made
a difference in my life, the first person that comes • After reading about the person who has made
to mind is my mother. She taught me a lot of things, a difference in Martina´s life, deduce meaning from
context. Write a short definition or a synonym for
and the most important thing is she made me want these words:.
to become a successful businesswoman.
Business:
When I was young, my mother told me about life,
the best way to live, and how to be a good person. Business person:
She is really the most influential person in my life. Productive:
Growing up and seeing my mother owning and
Idol:
running a prosperous store helped give direction
to my life. She was the one who taught me how to • Using vocabulary from page 2, write and
run a productive business and taught me several key explain 5 traits that describe Martina´s
mother’s personality:
points to having a business. One of her tips to having
a wealthy business was to always provide excellent 1.
customer service and to satisfy every customer.
2.
Seeing my mother as an efficient business person 3.
has made me aspire to have my own business one
day. Although she is a busy manager in her company 4.
and her own business, my mother still has time to 5.
take care of our family.
• Mention two reasons why Martina´s mother’s
My mother is my idol. As I look back at the things business is so successful.
I have done in life, it would not have been possible 1.
without having someone special like my mother
2.
in my life. She has given me endless support and
love. I am very thankful and blessed to have her. • Summarize the paragraph in 3 lines.

Martina
Source: Taken and Adapted from The Person Who Has Made a Difference
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in My Life. (2016, Apr 04). Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3kAZeYL

4
 Writing
Who has made a difference in your life?
A Paragraph - Someone Who Has Made a Difference
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Your writing assignment is to write a paragraph
about a person who has made a difference in the world,
in his or her community, or in your life.
The writing process has four steps. In the first
step, you create ideas. In the second step, you
organize the ideas. In the third step, you write
a draft, and in the final step, you polish your draft
by editing and revising it.
Prewriting
Prewriting is a way to get ideas. You choose a topic
and brainstorm ideas.
There are several techniques you can use to get
ideas; one of them is listing. This is a technique
in which you write the topic at the top of a piece of
paper and then make a list of the words or phrases that
come into your mind.
Step 1.
Make a list of 4 people who have made a difference
in the world, in his or her community, or in your life.
Then decide which person to write about and circle
your choice.
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Step 2.
The word you have circled is going to be written on
top as a title. Then write down the ways in which this
person has made a difference.
5
For example, if you have chosen your grandfather,
write 5 sentences about him.
When you finish this second list, circle two ideas and
mark them A and B. Also, cross out the ideas that
do not answer the question, “In which ways has this
person made a difference?”
Example:
A:  My grandfather helped his community.
B:  He started a community hospital and improved
eating habits among the community.
Step 3.
Organize your ideas into a simple outline and add details.
Example
Title: Grandfather.
First idea: My grandfather helped the community.
Main idea 1: He started a community hospital
Detail: Only hospital in a big area
Main idea 2: He improved eating habits in his area
Detail: He trained teachers and families
Detail: He organized menus for the community
Title:
First idea:
Main idea 1:
Detail 1:
Detail 2:
Main idea 2:
Detail 1:
Detail 2:
Step 4.
Now put your outline together into a paragraph using
complete sentences. Your teacher will look over your
whole process to see how you produced your paragraph.
Language Through the Arts
Art

Who is your favorite artist?

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) is one of the world’s greatest

thinkers, artists and philosophers. Seeking perfection, he created rare
masterpieces of art such as The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. In addition
to art, Da Vinci studied all aspects of life from anatomy to mathematics
and astronomy. He is considered to be a key person of the European
Renaissance, a movement that saw the birth of new ideas, scientific

Wikimedia / Leonardo Da Vinci

discoveries, and the creation of beautiful art.

Presumed self-portrait

Wikimedia / Leonardo Da Vinci

Wikimedia / Leonardo Da Vinci

The Last Supper

Uomo vitruviano

In groups of 3-4 students, interview teachers,

friends, family, or community members and ask
them what they know about Leonardo da Vinci.
Prepare an interview with 3-4 questions. Then,
visit the school library or surf the internet and add
more information about Da Vinci to the information
you had from the interviews.

Organize your research into a presentation to do

in front of the class. Choose a person from your
Wikimedia / Leonardo Da Vinci

group and help him or her dress up like Da Vinci.

Think of a creative way to share the information
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you found.

Optional: The rest of group members can dress

up like people from the Renaissance and they can
Portrait of Mona Lisa del Giocondo draw imitations of Da Vinci´s work.

6
 Oral Communication

Where do you get information about what is happening in your city or town?

The Fun Magazine

Here is the contents page from an entertainment Grammar Note
magazine called Fun Magazine. The present continuous can refer to the future.
It is used to talk about plans that are already
made and will happen in the future.
The band is visiting Guayaquil next May.
I’m taking the train to Machala tomorrow.
I’m spending Christmas and New Year with
my grandparents.
We’re meeting Alicia at 5 o’clock tomorrow
afternoon.
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Time expressions are often used when the

present continuous is used to talk about future
arrangements.
Texts A-D are from the magazine. Read each one
and decide which page it is on.
I’m working over the New Year.
They are flying to Cuenca tomorrow morning.
A. On Tuesday, the five prize-winning
So what are we all doing on Christmas?
musicians who play in the Ecuadorian
Orchestra are performing in the Page I’m visiting Esmeraldas for a few days.
Itchimbía Crystal Palace. They are
playing classical music by Vivaldi
I’m going to bed at 10 pm.
and Bach. Concert starts at 8:30 pm.
Tickets: $20
B. This year’s best comedy film, Meet My
Listen to an interview with the Fun Magazine
Parents, stars Juan Francisco Velasco
director and answer the questions that follow.
and Erika Gómez and tells the story Page
of a family who runs a restaurant. Their 1. What is the director’s name?
lives are changed by an unexpected
guest. Every evening this week at
the House of Comedy at 5:30 pm.
Tickets: $5 2. What does Fun Magazine offer?

C. Plus five is a local reggaeton group

that is now famous and appears in
3. What musical group is coming to town?
concerts all over Latin America. They
are returning to their hometown to Page
sing their best songs in a concert
on Saturday evening at 9 pm in the 4. Where are they performing?
Itchimbía Crystal Palace. Buy tickets
early, as they are very popular.
Tickets: $25 5. How much does the concert cost?
D. An exciting new group called Bombas
presents African and Ecuadorian Page
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dances with some flamenco and jazz.

They are 12 young dancers. They are
Vocabulary
performing at City Hall on Sunday 26
at 7 pm, and 9 pm. stars. plays a principal role

7
 Lesson B

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Have you heard music from other generations?

California Dreamin’

Form groups of 3-4 students and discuss the

following questions:

• Do you know what L.A. is?

• Where is L.A. located?
• Do you know what L.A. stands for?

Wikimedia/ABC Television 1967

The Mamas & the Papas

Band: The Mamas & the Papas

Produced by: Lou Adler

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Album: If You Can Believe Your Eyes and Ears
As we have learned before, poems are lyrics and
lyrics are poems. In addition, from both we learn
about culture.
Pretend you get inside of a time machine and
travel back to the 1970´s when the song California
“California Dreamin’” Dreamin’ was released for the first time.

All the leaves are brown (all the leaves are brown) Student A is the person who traveled in the time
And the sky is grey (and the sky is grey) machine and Student B is a singer of the band The
I’ve been for a walk (I’ve been for a walk) Mamas & the Papas. Student A has to interview
On a winter’s day (on a winter’s day) Student B about what future plans the band has.
I’d be safe and warm (I’d be safe and warm)
If I was in L.A. (if I was in L.A.)
Interesting Facts
California dreamin’ (California dreamin’)
On such a winter’s day The Mamas & the Papas were certainly one
of the most influential groups of the mid to late
Stopped into a church 1960s. Their hit single “California Dreamin’”
I passed along the way
Well, I got down on my knees
is still listened to today. However, things were
(got down on my knees) not perfect in their California Dreamin’ world.
And I pretend to pray (I pretend to pray) There was actually some chaos in the group,
You know the preacher like the cold which ultimately caused them to split in 1971.
(preacher like the cold)
He knows I’m gonna stay (knows I’m gonna stay)
Vocabulary
California dreamin’ (California dreamin’)
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On such a winter’s day preacher. religious figure like a priest

All the leaves are brown (all the leaves are brown) chaos. craziness, disorganization
And the sky is grey (and the sky is grey)
I’ve… split. separate

8
 Oral Communication

Do you like chocolate?

Listen to someone talk about the process of making

chocolate and put the steps in order.

Beans fermented

Inner part pressed and liquid

chocolate produced

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Arriba Cacao Beans crushed and outer
shell removed

Making Chocolate
Spread in sun to dry
Chocolate from Belgium has always been world-
famous. But now Ecuador has become an important
name in chocolate. In Ecuador, the climate and Beans roasted
geological conditions are so perfect because the
country is located on the Equator, where the soils Cocoa tree-ripe red pods grown in
are rich in nutrients and sunlight is available all South America, Africa, and Indonesia
year long. These two crucial factors make for
a cocoa bean that is so rich in flavor and aroma, Taken to factory
that chocolatiers around the world go crazy for it.
Arriba Cacao is a special bean that makes for the
finest dark chocolate. This kind of bean grows Pod harvested and white
cocoa beans
successfully only in Ecuadorian soil and its trademark
is its fine aroma. Only 5% of the world’s cocoa
is labelled as “fine aroma”. Transported by train or truck

Tip Put in large sacks

Watch your pronunciation!

Pronunciation: The sounds: /æ/ and /ʌ/
Vocabulary
Depending on the dialect, English has 14-22
vowel sounds. Compare that to the 5 vowel trademark. something that someone is known for,
sounds in Spanish. a special characteristic.

/æ/ and /ʌ/ are the two closest vowel sounds labelled. called
in English and so it is very difficult to hear and pod. part of the cacao plant containing the beans
pronounce the difference. However, there are
some tricks to help you distinguish them. sacks. bags
The /æ/ sound usually appears as the letter a. outer. outside
The /ʌ/ sound appears as the letter u.
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inner. inside
Examples: bad/bud, began/begun, drank/drunk,
fan/fun, hat/hut, ran/run, sang/sung, swam/swum

9
Language Through the Arts
Art

What is your favorite type of art?

Vincent Van Gogh - Post Impressionism

Wikimedia/Vincent Van Gogh

The famous “Bedroom in Arles” painting by Vincent Van Gogh (1889)

Form groups of three and discuss these questions.

Wikimedia/Vincent Van Gogh

• Have you ever seen this painting before?
• Do you like it? Why or why not?
• Do you know what Post-Impressionism is?
• Give an original title to this painting.

Self-Portrait with Grey Felt Hat

In 50-60 words, describe what you see in the

painting. Be as precise as possible; include all the In groups of three, prepare a PowerPoint
colors, shapes, and objects. presentation or a poster presentation about
Vincent Van Gogh and Post-Impressionism art.
Consider the following questions:

• Who was Vincent Van Gogh?

• What is Post-Impressionism? What are the

most common characteristics of a common
Post-Impressionist artwork? Write a list.

Bring to class the Vincent Van Gogh’s artwork

you like the most, but painted by you!
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10
 Oral Communication

Are you a good cook?

Cooking Class

Grammar
To arrange steps in order, we use time order
words to guide the reader from step to step.
Words Phrases
First (second, The first step…(no comma)
third, etc…) The next step…(no comma)
Later, The final step…(no comma)
Finally, After five minutes,
Freepik Meanwhile, At last,
Scrambled eggs
Next, After a while,
Now, After that,
Soon,
Listen to a person talk about making scrambled
eggs. Describe each step of the process in your Then (no comma)
own words. Now (no comma)
First,

Second,

Third, Tip

Finally, Watch your pronunciation!

Pronunciation: The sounds of: /ʌ/ and /ʊ/
The ʊ sound is normally spelled with
Choose one of your favorite dishes. It should be
the letter ‘u’ as in the words:
something you can prepare in front of the class. • education
Write the ingredients and at least 5 steps to • put
prepare it. Remember to use order words when
presenting the steps. But it can also be spelled with the
Ingredients:
letter ‘o’ or ‘o-o’ as in the words:
• woman
• book

The /ʌ/ sound is often spelled with the

Cooking Process: letter ‘o’ as in the words:
• some
• company

But is also often spelled with a ‘u’ or ‘o-u’,

as in the words:
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• much
• country

Prepare your dish for your class. Make sure the

process is clear.

11
Reading

What do you know about coffee?

How Coffee is Produced

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Coffee
In pairs, discuss the following questions.
a. Do you like coffee?
b. How many cups of coffee do you drink daily?
c. Do you know where coffee comes from?
d. Have you ever seen a coffee tree?
The following diagram illustrates the process
of coffee manufacturing and preparation for sale
on the market. The whole procedure can be divided
into 11 stages. It involves producing coffee and
commercializing it as a consumer good. The first
stage is the gathering and drying of the coffee beans
in the sun. Then, the beans go in an oven to dry.
This is followed by a cooling process. The next step
is to grind them in order to make powder. In the
following stage, this powder is placed into a cistern,
and hot water is added to the container. Once the
mixture is strained, it is put in a freezer. In the next
stage, the coffee is ground again. Water is removed;
a vacuum assists in this process. The last step is to
put the powder in a package to sell it in supermarkets
around the world.
Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3hdic5K

Tip

A clause is a group of words that contains at least

one subject and one verb. In English, there are
two clauses: dependent and independent.
An independent clause can be a sentence by itself;
it is another name for a simple sentence.
Example: Martina left the party early.
A dependent clause cannot be a sentence by itself
because its meaning is not complete; it means it
depends on something else to complete its meaning.
1. Circle all the time order words you find
Example: ...because she was tired.
in the reading.
A complex sentence is a combination of one 2. Close your book and try to remember the
independent and one dependent clause. coffee process. Describe it to a partner in your
own words. Try to use time subordinators
Example: Martina left the party early because in your description.
she was tired.
A dependent clause always begins with Vocabulary
a subordinating word, or subordinator.
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stages. steps, phases

Time subordinators: after, before, since, when
Reason subordinators: because, since, as gathering. collecting
Place subordinators: where, wherever grind. to make fine powder from something

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 Writing

Why write a process paragraph?

A Process Paragraph
In a process paragraph, you explain how to make Vocabulary
or do something, so process paragraphs are also stick. an branch; a long and thin piece of wood
called how-to paragraphs. To explain how to do
something clearly, break the process down into teepee. a cone-shaped tent
a series of steps and explain each step. cabin. a small, roughly built house or shelter
The model paragraph below explains the process
of building a campfire. As you read it, count the
number of steps. Also notice all the order words that
Now write a process paragraph (80-100 words)
are used to introduce each step. about any process you choose. Write 8-10
separate sentences about the topic. Then, use
Model: How to Build a One-Match Campfire
time order words to join the sentences. Include
Building a campfire that you can light with one a diagram of the process. Follow the How to Build
a One-Match Campfire model.
match is simple if you follow these easy steps. The
first step is to prepare a safe place for your campfire. Process paragraph:
Clear an area on the ground at least 3 feet wide, and
put a circle of stones around it. Second, gather sticks.
You will need several sizes: small twigs, medium
sticks, and large sticks. The next step is to build
a teepee. Put a few of the twigs in a small pile, and
use the small sticks to build a small teepee over the
pile. Leave spaces large enough to drop a lighted
match through. Next, build a cabin around the teepee
using the medium sticks. Then, place two large
pieces of wood on either side on the cabin, and lay
two or three long sticks on top to make a loose roof. Diagram of the process:
The last step is to light a match and drop it through
a space in the teepee. Soon you will enjoy the warmth
of a nice fire, and your friends will admire your skill
at lighting a campfire with only one match!
Source: Taken and adapted from: Oshima, A & Hogue, A. (2007) Introduction to
Academic Writing. Third Edition. Pearson Longman. United States of America.
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Share your paragraph with a partner and ask

him/her to edit your work. Then, read it out
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loud in front of the class.

13
Assessment

Achievement Level - Writing

Individual activity

1 Write a process paragraph in about 80-100 words. Choose one

of the following topics:
Topic 1: How chocolate is produced.
Topic 2: How honey is produced.
Topic 3. How coffee is produced.

Achievement Level - Reading

Individual activity

2 Here are some sentences about going shopping. For each question,
complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first
using no more than three words.
Example:
My brother and I took the bus to historical town in Cuenca last week.
My brother and I went to historical town in Cuenca by bus last week.
1. My mother forgot to bring her purse.
My mother didn’t bring her purse.
2. He asked me how much money I had in my wallet.
He asked me, “How much money
in your wallet?”
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3. The restaurant next door is owned by my sister´s friend.

My sister´s friend the restaurant next door.

14
 How do you see yourself in five years?

Achievement Level - Speaking

Group activity

3 Work with a partner. Look at the two pictures. One of you will
describe photograph 1 and the other will describe photograph 2.
Take turns to tell each other about your photograph.
Then discuss these questions.
a. Which kind of dancing do you prefer?
b. Do you like dancing?
c. Do you think it is important to learn how to dance?
d. Do boys learn to dance in Ecuador? What kind of dancing?
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Freepik

I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.

Self-evaluation I check (√) the box that most applies to me

I do it I can’t do it
Topics I do it very well I can improve
somewhat well without help
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Use adjectives to describe personality traits

Use the present continuous to talk about the future

Write a process paragraph to describe how something

is made

15
 Project 1

A Talented Artist

Wikimedia/Leonardo Da Vinci
Wikimedia/Vincent Van Gogh

Wikimedia/Guillermo Kahlo
Vincent Van Gogh Self Portrait Leonardo Da Vinci Self Portrait Frida Kahlo Portrait

In groups of three students, research about the most talented artists

(painters, sculptors, architects, etc.) from your country or around
the world.

Here there are some names that can help you: Oswaldo Guayasamin,
Eduardo Kingman Riofrío, Enrique Tábara Zerna, Vincent Van Gogh,
Frida Kahlo, Salvador Dalí, Pablo Picasso, Leonardo Da Vinci.

Each group will select an artist and the group will research about
the artist’s personality. This project will have three parts.

First Part: Artist´s personality traits and biography.

Second Part: Present at least 5 examples of his/her masterpieces.

Third Part: Reproduce a copy of the piece of art you liked

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the most. Use recycled material.

Final products: PowerPoint or poster presentation (8-10 minutes)

The reproduction of the artistic work you liked
the most.
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16
 Let's Review

Grammar

Write a list of 4 time expressions.

Observe the following pictures. Using these time expressions and the present
continuous, write 4 sentences about what is happening in the future.
Example: The band is visiting Guayaquil next May.
Wikimedia/Martin Zeise

Wikimedia/S. Reategui
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Reading Vocabulary

How much do you remember about the chocolate-
making process? Without looking back, try to write
the steps here. Check with a partner and see
if together you can remember the entire process.
Choose a dish that is very popular with your
family. Write the recipe and at least 5 of the most
important steps to prepare it.
Remember to use time order signals when
presenting the steps.
The first step/First, The next step/Next, The final step/
Finally, After five minutes, After a while, After that.
Ingredients:

Cooking Process:
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17
 Lesson C

Communication and Cultural Awareness

What are we going to do tonight?

Free Time and Future Plans

Discuss the following questions in groups of 3-4

students. Take turns asking and answering them.

a. How often do you go out with friends?

b. What plans do you have when you go out?
c. What is your favorite plan for the weekend?
d. What are you going to do this weekend?

Paula and Tom have plans for tonight (Friday
night). They are going to have dinner and then go
to their friend Patrick’s party, but they cannot agree
on the food they are going to eat. So they decide
to read My Favorite Restaurant magazine.
My Favorite Restaurant magazine.
Are you looking for somewhere special to go
this weekend? Do you want to try something new?
Check out one of these hot new restaurants.
Go Green. This cozy restaurant serves healthy
food that’s absolutely tasty. If you are looking for
a vegetarian snack at lunchtime or a great fresh
fruit smoothie or a mochachino and a delicious slice
of a carrot cake in the afternoon, this is the place
for you. Food is bought from local producers.
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Prepare a role play in pairs (boy and girl) with
your partner
Pretend one of you is Paula and the other one
is Tom. After reading about the options in My
Favorite Restaurant magazine, decide which one
is the best restaurant to go to.
For inviting, accepting and refusing invitation
in this role play you can use the following options:
Inviting:
Do you want ?
What about / How about eating ?
Accepting:
Thank for asking me. I really like that.

Latin Food. Latin Food offers a wide variety
of dishes. Here you can find Latin gourmet food,
from Patagonia to Mexico. You can enjoy all types
of empanadas, ceviches, tacos, arepas, meat, fish,
chicken, rabbit and even cuy. Lovely food and
a very elegant dining room, looking onto an amazing
flower garden.
Café Expresso. If you are looking for meat, fish
or seafood, don’t come here. They only prepare
desserts! You can find all different kinds of sweets,
from chocolate cakes to lemon pies.
Refusing:
Thanks for asking. I’m sorry, I am going
to be busy then.
Grammar Note
As we have learned, we can use the present
continuous for future arrangements..
For example: The band is visiting
Guayaquil next May.
But it is also possible to use be going to to talk
about future plans which are 100% sure
to happen.
For example: Paula and Tom are going to go
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out tonight but they still haven’t decided which

restaurant to go to.

18
 Oral Communication

What are your favorite things to do on the weekend?

Next Weekend
Tip

When making plans for the weekend, what are your favorite places You can use these phrases to
to go? Look at these options and rate them: 5 stars for an excellent
option, 1 star for a terrible option for you.
invite someone to do something.
Would you like to ?
Do you want to ?
What/How about eating/going
Fantastic! Really good! OK Bad Terrible!
visiting/ ?
a. Going to the movies

b. Having a picnic at the river Here is how to accept

an invitation.
c. Walking in nature

d. Visiting a museum
Thanks for asking me.
I’d really like that.
e. Going to a concert
Let’s meet at
f. Having dinner
All right. See you then.

Here is how to politely refuse

Listen to the conversation between Paula and Tom, and complete an invitation.
the following chart. They have already done two activities together
and they are planning two more. I’m sorry, I can’t.

Time Day Plan I’m sorry, I’m busy then.

What about another time?
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19
Reading

What´s your favorite kind of food?

Ecuadorian Food in New York

In groups of 3-4 students, discuss the following questions: Some people use cell
phone apps in order to find
• What is a good restaurant for you? a good restaurant.
• Mention 5 characteristics that a good restaurant must have:
What do you do to find
a good restaurant in your
hometown?

• What´s your favorite kind of food?

• Do you have a favorite restaurant?
• Why do you recommend it?

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Tom lives in New York, but he and his parents were born in Ecuador. NYC Map
Tom loves Ecuadorian culture and traditions, and he especially loves
Ecuadorian food. He travelled to Ecuador last year and he tried many
typical dishes from the Coast, the Amazon, and the Highlands. Now,
he wants to invite Paula to have dinner in an Ecuadorian restaurant After reading to the
in New York. He found the restaurant Ñaño Ecuadorian Kitchen. Let’s description made by Adam B.
about the restaurant Ñaño
read the restaurant review.
Ecuadorian Kitchen, match the
picture with the description:
Ñaño Ecuadorian Kitchen
Dish
I’ve tried a lot of cuisines over the years, but I had never had Ecuadorian.
I’m glad I stopped by, because I just learned it is delicious! Prices were
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reasonable ($14-$15) and the service was excellent. The owner is very
friendly; he is the chef and he also serves the food. It is a small and cozy
restaurant, but there is no parking available in the area. Dish

Encocado de Camarón: I absolutely love patacones, so this was perfect for

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me. Basically, they are patacones molded into a small cup shape with shrimp
in the middle. It looks like an appetizer you can eat with your hands!
Dish
Fritada: Fried pork chunks, because obviously crispy pork is the best
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kind of pork! The dish also comes with a mix of other stuff: fried potato
chunks, avocado slices, pickled onions (which pair perfectly with the
pork), sweet plantains, and salad.
Dish A. Shrimp in little cups.
Seco de Pollo: I can see why everyone loves this! The chicken was
so tender. The sauce wasn’t spicy, but it was full of delicious spices.
It had a unique taste that was different from the other Latin American Dish B. Chicken with
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a delicious sauce.
cuisines I’ve had.
Source: Takena and adapted from: H., L., B., A., Christopher, L., M., D., A., Jeslyn, . . . T., C. (2019, August 08).
Dish C. Fried pork, salad,
Liam H.’s review of Ñaño Ecuadorian Kitchen. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2Yhe1yk avocado, potatoes.

20
 Writing

Have you ever shared your opinion about a restaurant?

A Restaurant Review
Tip
Tom invited Paula to Ñaño Ecuadorian Kitchen
restaurant last week. Paula had never tried When we give recommendations, we can use
Ecuadorian food before. She liked the food so much different phrases like: I recommend, I suggest,
that she decided to write a restaurant review and I think, I would say.
send it to My Favorite Restaurant magazine.

Work in groups of 4 students. Pretend you all By Paula

are Paula. Complete the information here as a
guide and then write a 60-word restaurant review
paragraph per group. Restaurant Review Paragraph

Restaurant Reviewer´s Notebook

Restaurant Name

Address

Location
(easy to find? parking available?)

Interior
(clean? noisy? pleasant?)

Food

Service (efficient? friendly?)

Prices

Fantastic!

Really good!

Average
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Bad

Poor

21
Language Through the Arts

How can we use codes to communicate?

Poems for the Future

Ban All Dogs from Earth

In my future life
I will be a cat,
I will sleep for 12 hours
Then dance around my flat.
I will play by moonlight
And sunbathe in the sun,
I will climb a palm tree
And catch my tail for fun.
I will dine on fresh fish
Then drink a sea of milk,
I will live-that’s my last wish
Please ban all dogs from Earth!
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Taken and adapted from Poems for the future. (n.d.).

Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3aD4iHC

Represent this poem in a comic strip of 10 frames. Write your own poem for the future.

Use these
structures My Poem for the Future
to help you

In my future life

I might…

I will…

I may…

But I'll
definitely…

In my future life

I'd like to be…

And…
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Then…

Please…

22
 Oral Communication

Do you have a New Year’s resolution?

Grammar
Future with will
The future simple tense
is used to express future
intentions that are decided
at the time of speaking
(spontaneous offers, promises,
and decisions):
Come on, I’ll help you with
those boxes. (offer)
Will you help me please?

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Fre
I will always love you.
(promise)
Every 365 days, a new year begins. Many people believe that the I won’t hurt you.
new year will bring new opportunities, so they set new goals, dreams,
and resolutions. She’ll have an apartment next
year. (decision)
Will she have an apartment
In pairs discuss the meaning of the word “resolutions.” Cross out next year?
the sentences that are NOT good New Year’s resolutions.

I will get married this year. I will find a job this year. Vocabulary
I will start university this year. I will read a magazine this year. worth. of value, important
I will buy bread this year. I will buy a new car this year.

Listen to this radio program. Mention 3 New Year’s resolutions the

radio presenter told Ann Sheridan.

Have you ever made resolutions? What were they? Did you complete
them? If not, why not?
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23
 Lesson D

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Social Studies

Do you celebrate Carnival?

New Year’s Eve Celebration

in the UK
The start of the New Year on January 1st
is a popular time for celebrating all across the UK.
Celebrations can start early on New Year’s Eve,
December 31st, as people meet up with friends and
family members. Many people have a drink in a bar
or go to a special party in someone’s home. Everyone

Wikimedia / Clarence Ji
hopes to start off the New Year with good intentions
so they make some resolutions to help them have
a successful year. We asked young people around
the UK about their plans for New Year’s Eve and
about their New Year’s resolutions. Here are some New Year’s Eve Celebration in London

of their answers.
Mathias, 17, Glasgow
In pairs, prepare 5 questions to ask your partner
I am joining my parents for a New Year’s Day about how he/she celebrates New Year’s Eve
swim this year. It’s freezing cold in the water, but it in his/her hometown.
is a fun way to start the year. A lot of people meet on Interview Questions:
Brighton Beach for this first swim of the year. I hope
it doesn’t snow. I won’t be out partying the night 1.
before because I don’t like all the noise and drinking! 2.
My resolutions: I will do some voluntary work 3.
in my area and improve my tennis playing. Maybe
4.
I should be nicer to my girlfriend too!
5.
Sophie, 18, Newcastle
I am going to downtown Newcastle with my
cousins and friends for the New Year. I love being
Some people write their resolutions in a diary,
in a crowd when the clocks strike midnight. in their notebook, or on a piece of paper. Write
Everyone kisses each other, sings, and drinks some resolutions for the following people.
champagne. This is my first New Year’s Eve in the • Your mother
streets, since my parents said I was too young last • Your best friend
year. We will probably get back home at four or five • Your boyfriend/girlfriend
in the morning. • Your teacher
My resolutions: I will learn how to play the Use:
guitar! I am going to study hard to get good grades He/she’s going to...
at university. He/she will

Can you think of funny or serious resolutions for

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the following people?

• The president of Ecuador
• A famous musician/singer
• A famous sports star

24
 Oral Communication

What are your plans for the future?

Your Future

Grammar Note

Discuss the following questions with a partner. One of the most difficult things about learning
English is the spelling. This is because spelling
• What are you going to do next summer?
is often not phonetic, especially the vowels and
• What are your plans for next year? diphthongs. You will find the /aɪ/ sound spelled
• What are your plans after you graduate from many different ways. But it is often spelled with
high school?
the letters “i” or “y”, as in the words:
• life
• my
• find
• by
Examples of the aɪ sound
Here are some words that start with
the /aɪ/ sound.
• idea
• item
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Here are some words with the /aɪ/ sound

in the middle.
• child
• while
• might
• five
Here are some words with the /aɪ/sound
at the end.
• try
• high
• why
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• guy

Vocabulary
Listen to a psychologist talk about problems teens
have when thinking about their future and fill in the in bad shape. in a bad situation or condition
chart with the missing information.
to face. to confront
Percentage Study results

51%

Teens describe the future uncertain,

difficult, or sad.
Teens believe that the environment
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is in bad shape.

45%

25
Reading

Do you enjoy talking about your future?

How to Talk to Teens About Their Future

Tip
In pairs: Match the words with the correct definition. Use a dictionary
for those words that are difficult for you.
A cognate is a word that
comes from the same origin
Word Definition
as a word in a different
specific a.  overpowering in effect, number, or force language. Spanish and English
attainable b.  full of or tending to cause stress have many cognates because
they have a similar history.
relevant c.  explicit True cognates are words
timely d.  possible in two languages that can
have a similar meaning,
overwhelming e.  significant spelling, and even
stressful f.  at the right time pronunciation.
For example: information.
False cognates look or sound
For parents and teens there are two additional “New Years” very similar in one language
in every calendar year –the start of each school semester. At the start but have a different meaning.
of this last school term, you probably made some resolutions in hopes For example: actually.
of your family having the best school year yet. It is a good idea to take This means “in reality”,
small steps in talking to teens about their future. It doesn’t have to be an not “in present time”.
overwhelming, stressful discussion. It can be in the car, after watching
a movie together, waiting at the doctor’s office, or on a Saturday
morning during breakfast.
Here are a few tips on how start these valuable conversations. Read the article again. Look for
true cognates. Make a list of 10
1. Encourage your teen to dream… dream big! This is more than true cognates from the article.
identifying a career. Dreaming about the future can include their
own meaning of happiness: lifestyle, family, hometown, etc.
2. Be an advocate of your teen’s goals: Help them find opportunities
to learn more about their goals.
3. Be open minded: Teens often identify their interests and goals for
their future at a young age.
4. Practice goal setting: It’s easier for children to achieve their goals
when they are SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, relevant,
and timely).
5. Consider the near future: Sometimes teens can seem unconcerned
with their future. Take small steps. The near future can be a potential
summer job or a student group they want to join at school.
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Taken and adapted from How to Talk to Teens about their Future. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3l0GWjM

26
 Writing

How do you see yourself 10 years from now?

Your Ten-Year Vision

Step 1 Step 3. Who will you be in 10 years?

Answer the following questions. Write your answers To answer this question, you can complete the
inside of each circle. following ideas.

• What is ideal in my health/personal life/school? In 10 years, I will be years old.

• What does health/personal life/school mean to me?
In 10 years, I will feel

In 10 years, I will be
Health
In 10 years, I will contribute by

In 10 years, my achievements will include

School In 10 years, I’ll experience

In 10 years, I’ll love

In 10 years, I’ll be surrounded by

In 10 years, I’ll be an inspiration for

In 10 years, I’ll be helping

Personal Life

Step 2. What do you want? Step 4.

To answer this question, write what you do want in life In 90-100 words, write your first draft.
inside the circle. Place what you don’t want outside of the
circle. This will help you focus on what is important for
you to have in your vision and goals. Consider what you
want in: health, school, family, relationships.

Writing a ten-year vision takes time and practice.

Don’t forget to take a look at the work you’ve completed
already on the previous steps. These steps connect
you to who you want to be and what’s important for
you ten years in the future.

Want

When you are done, look for a classmate or your

teacher to read what you have prepared. They can
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comment on it, on the content and grammar and

vocabulary. When you get home, you can edit your
Don’t want first draft and share it again with a family member
or a personal friend.

27
Language Through the Arts

Have you heard of Robert McCall or the NASA?

Painting the Future - Space Art

The future may be uncertain, but some things are impossible

to deny: climate change, shifting demographics, geopolitics. The only
guarantee is that there will be changes, both wonderful and terrible.
It’s interesting to see how artists respond to these changes, as well
as what purpose art serves, now and in the future. Reports suggest that
by 2040, the impact of human-caused climate change will make it the
big issue at the center of art and life. Artists in the future will struggle
with the possibilities of the post-human artificial intelligence, human

Wikimedia/NASA
colonies in outer space, and potential destruction.
An artist who painted the future is Robert McCall.

Robert McCall
Wikipedia-NASA/Robert McCall

Wikipedia-NASA/Robert McCall

NASA Mision logo NASA Mision logo

Who Was Robert McCall?

Robert McCall (1919-2010) became the illustrator for LIFE
Find other examples
magazine's memorable series on the future of space travel. At that of futuristic art. What does
time, he became one of a few select artists to be chosen for NASA, it seem to predict about our
documenting the progress of American space history. He has been future? Find out when the
present at nearly every NASA event since. art was done. Do you think
it resembles the world we
McCall's artwork is on permanent display at many prestigious live in today? Bring some
institutions including the National Gallery of Art, and he has done examples to class and discuss
these questions.
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murals for the National Air & Space Museum, the Pentagon, EPCOT,
and the Johnson Space Center.
His work for movies includes the landmark 2001: A Space Odyssey,
The Black Hole, Tora! Tora! Tora! and Star Trek: The Motion Picture.
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 Oral Communication

Are you good at making predictions?

Talking About the Future

Grammar Note

Get in pairs. Look at these pictures and tell your Future and
partner what is going to happen next. Progressive Examples Uses
Tenses
Student A predicts
We will The simple future tense
celebrate our is used for an action
Simple
anniversary that will occur in the
future
by flying to future and to make
Cuenca. offers and promises.
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The present
progressive is used to
We are talk about the future
Present
Student B predicts staying home by employing temporal
progressive
tomorrow. adverbs (in two weeks,
tomorrow, etc), and for
plans or arrangements.
Be going to is used
I’m going to to talk about plans or
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Be going to drive to work intentions, or to make

today. predictions based on
evidence we can see.
Student A predicts

What would you say? Use will or be going to.

Then read the dialogues aloud.
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Example:
Tom: Do you have any plans for this afternoon?
Student B predicts You: Yes, I’m going to look around the museum.

1. You hate dogs. Dogs always attack you.

Tom: That dog doesn’t look very friendly.

You: It’s coming towards us, I

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2. You predict the landing of aliens on Earth

in the next ten years.

Tom: All this talk about aliens is completely

Write down 5 sentences using the future tenses absurd, isn’t it?
to predict what is going to happen tomorrow You: Is it? I think
in your hometown.

3. You know that Tom’s sister has decided

to get married.
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Tom: Did you hear about my sister?

You: Well, I heard that she

29
Assessment

Achievement Level - Reading

Individual activity

1 Read these plans and resolutions and complete the chart.

Mathias, 17, Glasgow
I am joining my parents for a New Year’s Day swim this year. It’s freezing
cold in the water, but it is a fun way to start the year. A lot of people meet
on Brighton Beach for this first swim of the year. I hope it doesn’t snow.
I won’t be out partying the night before because I don’t like all the noise
and drinking!
My resolutions: I will do some voluntary work in my area and improve my
tennis playing. Maybe I should be nicer to my girlfriend too!

Sophie, 18, Newcastle

I am going to downtown Newcastle with my cousins and friends for
the new year. I love being in a crowd when the clocks strike midnight.
Everyone kisses each other, sings, and drinks champagne. This is my first
New Year’s Eve in the streets, since my parents said I was too young last
year. We will probably get back home at four or five in the morning.
My resolutions: I will learn how to play the guitar! I am going to study
hard to get good grades at university.

Who said this?

Mathias Sophie
a. A swim at the beach is a fun way to start the year.
b. I will work as a volunteer in my area and
get better at tennis.
c. I love being surrounded by people when the clocks
strike midnight.
d. I won’t go to any party the night before because
I don’t like noisy places!
e. I will learn how to play a musical instrument!
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30
 How do you see yourself in five years?

Achievement Level - Speaking

Group activity

2 Look at the following pictures about STEM (science, technology,

engineering, and mathematics) professions and use them to talk about
how you see yourself in 10 years.
You can talk about things you will probably do and about things that
are not part of your future plans. Work in groups of 2-3 students.

Wikimedia

Freepik
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I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module.

Self-evaluation I check the box that most applies to me

I do it I can’t do it
Topics I do it very well I can improve
somewhat well without help
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Give my opinion about restaurants and dishes

Make, accept, and refuse invitations politely

Talk about the future using various tenses

31

Collage: How Do You See Yourself 10 Years from Now?
Tip
Remember that do express
future plans, there are three
options. We can use the present
continuous, be going to, or
will plus the verb. Knowing
the degree of certainty and the
proximity of the event will help
you know what form to use.
Notes
Project 2
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You are going to create an individual collage about how you see yourself
10 years from now in three dimensions: personal/family life - school and
academic life - health.
Paso 1. Choose a base for your collage.
The base can be as simple as a piece of paper. Using a thicker paper is
a good idea, since you will be using a lot of glue. For the base of your collage,
you can also use a poster board, cardboard, an empty picture frame, or any
other flat item.
Paso 2. Collect the items to glue onto your base.
Use your imagination and anything you have on hand to make your
collage. It can be magazines, photos, newspapers, etc...
Paso 3. Decide what glue to use.
There is no glue that is the perfect option for all collage projects. The kind
of glue you use will depend on the materials you are using and the results
you want.
Paso 4. Create your collage.
Once you have your base, the items you will use to create your collage, and
the appropriate glue, you can start making your project. You can try to plan it
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out a little bit by arranging your collage items on your base before you glue
them down. You can also just start gluing them down all over the base. You
can use scissors to cut the items you are using into the desired shapes and
sizes. You can also experiment with tearing your items. Once your collage
items are all in place, set it aside and let it dry.
32