Digital Electronics

MODULE 2
Part 6 Introduction to HDL

2.8 Introduction to HDL

• HDL is computer Language used to describe hardware

Advantages of HDL:
• Describes large complex hardware in a convenient manner, in a smaller space.
• Use Software tool to detect functional errors, if any errors, correct the errors, this is process is
called Simulation.
• Get hardware implementation details, this is called synthesis
HDLs
1. Verilog HDL
2. VHDL (very high speed integrated circuit HDL)
Verilog HDL:
• Verilog HDL is more popular
• Ii was introduced in 1980, as a simulation tool by Gateway Design Automation.
Describing Input/ Output:
• Any digital circuit, there are set of inputs and set of outputs.
• Inputs and outputs are called as ports.
Structure of Verilog HDL:

Module: it is a keyword used to describe module name and input output port list
Input : keyword used to declare the input ports
Output : keyword used to declare output ports
Endmodule: keyword to end the module, semicolon is not used for endmodule
//  single line comments
/* */  multi-line comments
Writing Module Body:
• Module body describes the logic of the circuit
• There are three different models to write the module body
1. Structural Model
2. Data flow Model
3. Behavioral Model
Keywords used to declare gates:
And, or, not, nand, nor, xor, xnor
Syntax for 2 input OR gate: or(output, input1, input2)
Syntax for Not gate: not(output, input)

Prepared By: BHASKAR S VBE, M.Tech, CSI, LMISTE ,IETE

Digital Electronics

• The module is the basic building block in Verilog

– Modules can be interconnected to describe the structure of your digital system
– Modules start with keyword module and end with keyword endmodule
– Modules have ports for interconnection with other modules

Module NAME <port

list>
•
•
•
endmodule
 Keywords used to declare gates:
and
or
not
nand
nor
xor
xnor

Operators ~ bit-wise NOT

{} concatenation & bit-wise AND
+ - * / arithmetic | bit-wise OR
% modulus ^ bit-wise XOR
> >= < <=relational ^~ ~^ bit-wise XNOR
! logical NOT & reduction AND
&& logical AND | reduction OR
|| logical OR ~& reduction NAND
== logical equality ~| reduction NOR
!= logical inequality ^ reduction XOR
?: conditional ~^ ^~ reduction XNOR
<< shift left
>> shift right

Prepared By: BHASKAR S VBE, M.Tech, CSI, LMISTE ,IETE

 Digital Electronics

Writing Module Body:

Module body describes the logic of the circuit

There are three different models to write the module body
1. Data flow Model
2. Structural Model
3. Behavioral Model

1. Data flow Model

2. Structural Model

3. Behavioral Model

Prepared By: BHASKAR S VBE, M.Tech, CSI, LMISTE ,IETE

 Digital Electronics

Behavior: Initial and Always

Initial blocks execute once
at t = 0
Always blocks execute continuously
at t = 0 and repeatedly thereafter

Behavior: Procedural assignments

Programs:

Write Verilog structural code for the figure shown below

figure_a
module fig_a(A,B,C,D,Y);
input A, B, C, D;
output Y;
wire and_op1, and_op2; // internal connections
and g1(and_op1, A, B); // g1 is upper AND gate
and g2 (and_op2, C, D); // g2 is lower AND gate
or g3(Y, and_op1, and_op2); // g3 is OR gate
endmodule
Write Verilog structural code for the following circuit

Prepared By: BHASKAR S VBE, M.Tech, CSI, LMISTE ,IETE

 Digital Electronics

module testckt(a,b,c,x,y);
input a,b,c;
output x,y;
wire or_op1, or_op2; // internal connections
or g1 (or_op1, a,b); // g1 is upper OR gate
or g2 (or_op2, b,c); // g2 is lower OR gate
nor g3(x, c, or_op1); // g3 is NOR gate
nand g4 (y, or_op1, or_op2); // g4 is NAND gate
endmodule

Prepared By: BHASKAR S VBE, M.Tech, CSI, LMISTE ,IETE